Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल) (Read 534986 times)

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #800 on:** July 09, 2015, 10:02:51 AM »

War Preparation in Doti, Kumaon and Garhwal

Anglo Nepalese War with Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -19
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -140
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -661

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
The Gurkha/Gorkha army officials of Doti, Kumaon and Garhwal became restless by getting information about East India Company’s various war preparation activities in Moradabad, Saharanpur.
As per instruction from Nepal Court, army officials of Doti, Kumaon and Garhwal started preparation for coming war. Nepalese guessed that east India would be planning for capturing Khairogarh Fort. Gurkha army built a couple of fort by clay and stones in Mundiyaghat and Banvasi at the Sharda River Bank. A few months back Nepal court called back regional Army Chief Hastidal Chautariya from Doti. Doti people liked Hastidal Chautariya. Nepal court sent back Hastidal to Doti. Nepal Court handed over the Khairogarh fort region protection to Hastidal. Vikramshah the family member of the ex ruler of Doti who became regional chieftain of Nepal Court was handed over responsibility for recruiting new soldiers.
Nepalese regional commanders had spies in Saharanpur, Moradabad, and Barely. Those spies were local people. British officers could not find those spies. There were hundreds of Rohila Pathans in Rampur and Moradabad who used to fight battle on contract basis. They were free at that time. Gurkha commanders appointed those contractual soldiers in their army and put them in Kumaon and Doti.
In Bhabhar region, Gurkha commanders also appointed sacked Jamindars and landlord or tax Contractors of East India Company for war purposes. Mostly, they were looters, deceivers and cruel. Gurkha appointed such Jamindar for collecting tax from Haridwar Bhabhar to Bilhari Bhabhar. Gurkha had assumption that those cunning men would offer secret knowledge about East India Company from south region of Kumaon and Garhwal.
Gurkha commanders of Kumaon (including Doti) and Garhwal also started increasing guns and ammunition in the region. For gun powder manufacturing, Gurkha Commanders bought huge quantity of sulfur and Sajja clay from Nazibabad businessmen. Secretly, Gurkha commanders contacted businessmen of Kashipur, Rudrapur, Moradabad, Nazibabad, Kankhal, Saharanpur etc for getting various materials supply. Gurkha commanders were always in search of those businessmen who did have non cordial relation with the Company. Gurkha used to exchange letters in secretes language with their friend in the above Company Territories. East India Company had a notorious businessman Beniram in Kashipur Factory. Company sacked him for his deceives. Benram contacted Bamshah the regional Gurkha Commander of Kumaon. When Company arranged two commercial exhibitions, Gurkha with the help of Beniram arranged two commercial Exhibitions in Kumaon. Beniram got monopoly over export of turmeric and other items from Kumaon. His son started trading plubus, zinc and Sajja clay and started exporting to Kumaon. Beniram and his son earned thousands of rupees in the above transactions.

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 9/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -662
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal;
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal,

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #801 on:** July 09, 2015, 11:48:26 AM »

Fall in Kuninda Janpada Prosperity & Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur History

कुणिंद जनपद समृद्धि ह्रास

Ancient History of Haridwar, History Bijnor, Saharanpur History Part - 138
हरिद्वार इतिहास , बिजनौर इतिहास , सहारनपुर इतिहास -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग - 138

इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

अल्मोड़ा कुणिंद नरेशों का शासन काल

एलन ने इन मुद्राओं का समय ईसा के पहली सदी के उत्तरार्ध से लेकर द्वितीय सदी के पूर्वार्ध तक माना है । डी सी सरकार पहली सदी के आरम्भिक वर्षों को अल्मोड़ा नरेशों का समय मानते हैं।
डा डबराल का अनुमान है कि अल्मोड़ा कुणिंद नरेशों का शासन काल 60 BC से 20 AD रहा होगा क्योंकि 20 AD तक शक प्रह्लव पांचाल , कुरु प्रदेश में छ गए थे।

कुणिंद समृद्धि ह्रास

संभवतया अमोघभूति मृत्यु के तुरंत बाद स्रुघ्न पर शक आक्रान्ताओं का अधिकार हो गया होगा और कुणिंद राजाओन ने पूर्व में ब्रह्मपुरी (गढ़वाल -कुमाऊं ) और या गोविषाण (तराइ कुमाऊं ) में अपनी राजधानी स्थापित की होगी।
गोविषाण अशोक के समय से ही महत्वपूर्ण स्थान था। अशोक ने एक स्तूप बनाया था जो सातवीं सदी तक वर्तमान था।
कुणिंद मुद्राएं सूचित करती हैं कि कुणिंद राज के अवसान दिन आ गए थे। धातु में रजत मुद्राएं ढालने में असमर्थ थे। ताम्रमुद्राओं हेतु भी वैसे शिष्ट कलाकार उपलब्ध नही थे जैसे अमोघभूति काल में थे।
मुद्राएं भद्दी हैं
60 BC से 20 AD में उत्तराखंडी भाषाओं का आभाष
अल्मोड़ा से प्राप्त ताम्र मुद्राओं ( 60 BC से 20 AD) में राजा का नाम अंकन में असावधानी वर्ती गयीं हैं। मात्राएँ ही नही व्यंजन भी भली प्रकार नही उभरे हैं। श और स में जो भ्रान्ति आज उत्तराखंड की भाषाओं में है वह तब भी थी। शिवदत्त की मुद्रा में श को स मुद्रित किया गया है।

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India 9 /7/2015

History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur to be continued Part --139
हरिद्वार, बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास to be continued -भाग -139

Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada &Ancient History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Sultanpur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Bijnor; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Saharanpur; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Nakur , Saharanpur; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Deoband, Saharanpur; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur; Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient Saharanpur History,Fall in Prosperity of Kuninda Janpada & Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना , बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
:============= स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

--

With Kind Regards

Dhangu, Gangasalan Ka Kukreti

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #802 on:** July 10, 2015, 10:48:12 AM »

Unsuccessful Efforts of Amar Singh Thapa for Treaty with British

Anglo Nepalese War with Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -20
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -141
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -662

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
Amar Singh Thapa was aware of weaknesses of Nepalese resources in west of Kali River (Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal). He was aware stronger position of East India Company against Nepal.
Through Ochterloni, Amar Singh Thapa sent message to Governor General Hastings for treaty but Governor General refused the suggestion of Amar Singh Thapa (Balchandra Sharma).
Amar Singh Thapa tried to strengthen the position of Nepalese army in West of Kali River but he was totally failure in recruiting new soldiers as the citizens were totally against Nepalese way of rule.
Weaknesses of Nepal against British

Nepal was inferior before British in arm, ammunitions, friends and support of citizens. Nepal had around twelve thousand soldiers. The newly recruits in Nepal army in Doti, Kumaon, Garhwal and Himachal were anxious for Nepal loosing war or power. East India Company was more organized and powerful in terms of number of soldiers, food and armed supply. Nepalese commanders were not trained for fighting with strategy. Nepalese commanders were trained for guerilla attack and suppressing citizens with all cruel methods. Nepalese soldiers were far ahead in bravery, courage, self pride, and sacrifice for the master, duties and bearing power in worst conditions.
Nepalese were weak in other aspects of war. Nepalese Commanders were more dependent on the strategy that British army was not trained for hill war.

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 10/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -663
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal;
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal,

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #803 on:** July 10, 2015, 02:15:04 PM »

Collection and Editing of Mahabharata in Kuninda Period in Uttarakhand

कुणिंद युग में महाभारत महाकाव्य का सम्पादन
Ancient History of Haridwar, History Bijnor, Saharanpur History Part - 139 हरिद्वार इतिहास , बिजनौर इतिहास , सहारनपुर इतिहास -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग - 139

इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

महाभारत को लिखने का समय 400 BC से 400 AD तक पूरा होने का अंनुमान लगाया जाता है।
गढ़वाल में भी महभारत के लिखने के प्रमाण मिले हैं। महाभारत के कुछ अंशों का सम्पादन गढ़वाल , हरिद्वार समय हुआ जब भारत विशेषतय कुणिंद राज्य शान्ति थी। जिन दिनों भारहुति में बौद्ध धर्मी स्तूप कार्य में संलग्न थे तब शायद व्यास शिष्य निर्धारित पद्धति से भोजपत्रों में आख्यानों , नीति , धर्म , दर्शन संबंधी मान्यताये अंकित कर रहे थे।
इस तरह के कार्यों के लिए शांति , समृद्धि चाहिए होती है जो धनभूति प्रथम से अमोघभूति के राज्य काल तक रहा था। संभवतया महाभारत के अंतिम सम्पादन का कार्य इस कुणिंद -स्रुघ्न युग में उत्तराखंड में सम्पन हुआ (डबराल )

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India 10 /7/2015

History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur to be continued Part --
हरिद्वार, बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास to be continued -भाग -

Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Sultanpur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Bijnor; Ancient History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Saharanpur; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Nakur , Saharanpur; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient History of Deoband, Saharanpur; Ancient History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur; Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient Saharanpur History, Collection and Editing of Mahabharata & Ancient Bijnor History; कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना , बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
:============= स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:
--

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #804 on:** July 11, 2015, 09:12:26 AM »

Strategic Information Collection by East India Company

Anglo Nepalese War with Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -21
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -142
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -663

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

Hills as Difficult Most Terrain
Contrary to Nepal, East India Company was busy in getting finer details about Nepalese territories and their strengths. It was known to the Governor General that geographical knowledge of hills played great role in war in Hills. In Hills, the attackers had to face the enemy but with difficulties of nature. There were/are rocks, caves, forests, bushes, rivers, rivulets, narrow valleys, difficult valleys, steep steps, sliding steps, high hills, wild animals, and insects in Hills those become problems for strangers to tackle.
In the past, Hill people stopped enemy campaign by slipping big stones on the army men from High hills. Spreading of sudden diseases to strangers was another difficulty for having war with Hill army.
Food supply management was hell of task for plains army. Carrying guns and gun powder, arms and ammunition was always a difficulty. Therefore, it was important for having complete information of hill terrains for British army.

Strategic Information Collection in East of Kali River

East India Company had been collecting strategic Information in East of Kali River region for many years. In 1767, Kinloch was sent to capture Nepal region. Mall King’s ambassador and Gusains offered him information about battle fields. However, Kinloch attacked without complete preparation on unknown terrain. Company lost war and prestige too.
In 1810, Company collected information from Ranbahadur and his men in Banaras. Company had been sending its emissaries to Nepal and everybody used to collect specific information about Nepal and bordering region. By 1814, Company had sufficient information about East of kali River of Nepal.
Strategic Information from far West of Kali River
East India Company had been collecting various types of information about Katauch/Kangda and other parts of Himachal.

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 11/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -664
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal;
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal,

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #805 on:** July 11, 2015, 10:39:07 AM »

Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period
कुणिंद युग में धार्मिक मान्यताएं

Ancient History of Haridwar, History Bijnor, Saharanpur History Part - 140
हरिद्वार इतिहास , बिजनौर इतिहास , सहारनपुर इतिहास -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग - 140

इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

धार्मिक मान्यताओं में बदलाव
धीरे धीरे धार्मिक मान्यताओं में परिवर्तन होने लगा था। पूर्ववर्ती कुणिंद राजोअन के नाम विश्वदेव , अग्रराज , धनभूति , अमोघभूति , वृद्धपाल , अमोघभूति आदि नाम आम नाम थे। बौद्ध धर्म , सनातन (हिन्दू) या किसी देवता से इन नामों का संबंध नही था।
किन्तु अल्मोड़ा मुद्राओं के नाम या अल्मोड़ा कुणिंद राजाओं के नाम शिवदत्त , हरिदत्त , शिवपालित -शिव या हरी (विष्णु ) से सीधा संंबंध दीखता है।
धनभूति व उससे पहले के राजाओं की मुद्राओं में बौद्ध धर्म का पूरा प्रभाव था और इन राजाओं ने भारहुत व मथुरा के बौद्ध स्तूपों के निर्माण में सहयोग भी दिया था।
जब कि अल्मोड़ा से प्राप्त मुद्राओं में बौद्ध धर्म के प्रति झुकाव कम हुआ और सनातन धर्म के प्रति श्रद्धा दिखाई देती है। वृक्ष , नाग , नन्दिपाद , हिरन को अमोघभूति मुद्राओं से अधिक महत्व दिया गया है।

पंचाल से संबंध
अल्मोड़ा कुणिंद व स्रुघ्न कुणिंद की सरहद पांचाल से सटी थी। पांचाल नरेश कुमुदसेन व अजवर्म की मुद्राओं व अल्मोड़ा मुद्राओं में चिन्हों में समानता है जो इस बात का द्योतक है कि दोनों राज्यों में संबंध थे और बहुत सी मान्यताओं में साम्य था।

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India 11/7/2015

History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur to be continued Part --141
हरिद्वार, बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास to be continued -भाग -141

Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Sultanpur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Bijnor; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Saharanpur; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient History of Nakur , Saharanpur; Ancient History of Deoband, Saharanpur; Ancient History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur; Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient Saharanpur History, Religious beliefs in Kuninda Period , Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना , बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
:============= स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #806 on:** July 12, 2015, 09:48:51 AM »

Brigadier Ochterlony Collecting Information from Various Sources

Anglo Nepalese War with Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -222
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -142
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -664

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

In 1810, Francis What went to Sirmour via Ambala. However, due to Nepalese official’s interference he could not get information about Sirmour. Ochterlony asked Captain William Richards for collecting information about Sirmour and Kiyardoon. Captain William Richards provided important information about Sirmour and Kiyar Doon (valley). In immediate past, Richards travelled Kiyardoon for wood trade after taking permission from Amar Singh Thapa (Premble). Captain Richards informed that the road from Ludhiana to Talukpur for reaching Nahan was satisfactory. Richards informed that all types of carriages could be used on that road. Richards reported that from Talukpur to Nahan the wheel carriages could not go. Richards reported that elephants could walk after correcting the road. According to Richards, small Gun up to 12 Pond (Topen) could be sent to Nahan without opening them. Richard told that though Kiyar Doon territory was plain but there are rivulets in between. From Kiyar Dun there was a River port for reaching Nahan.
Sirmour Map
Brigadier Ochterlony could not harm Nepalese in Himachal region as Governor General was against war with Nepal. However, Ochterlony was making preparation to push Gurkha to east of Ganga. Ochterlony sent an Indian to Sirmour with Compass. He drew the amp of Sirmour (Philimore, Historical records of Survey of India, volume -2). However, the map was having many mistakes.
Information from Ex Hill Chieftains
The ex hill chieftains of Himachal were definitely wanted to get back their Kingdoms captured by Gurkha. Most of ex Chieftains of Himachal including Garhwal were taking asylum in East India Territory. Those ex Hill chieftains provided various strategic information of their Kingdoms to East India. A few years back the Ambala Commissioner got a bag of 807 hand written letters in 2000 pages (Hindi, Persian and English) and the letters exposed that Ex Hill Kings of Himachal provided activities of Gurkha and geographical, war related situations of their Kingdoms to Ochterlony (Dabral). Ex Hill Kings offered exact information about Gadhis (forts), number of Gurkha soldiers, resources with Gurkha Army, roads reaching to various Kot or Fort, river, bridges, River ports, rivulets and water logging or other difficulties etc.
Ochterlony informed that the Company was ready for freeing Hill Kingdoms from the Gurkha Rule. Ex Hill Kings became pleased. Ex Kings offered information and promised that they were ready for arranging food grains, food godowns and labor in their old territory at the time of war.

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -665
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena , historical papers related to Kumaon

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal;
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal,

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #807 on:** July 13, 2015, 09:57:04 AM »

History of British Survey in Garhwal and Kumaon

Anglo Nepalese War with Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -23
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -143
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -665

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

British travelers and officials had been surveying Garhwal and Kumaon long before Anglo Nepalese war. British were always anxious for knowing strategic places and their importance.
After completing survey of Bhutan, in 1788, Reuben Burrow reached Haridwar. From Haridwar, Reuben Burrow went to Danda Mandal Hill shrine on the Lakhsmanjhula- Neelkanth Road. He reported that he could see Chaukhmaba and Almora Hills from there. Reuben Burrow tried to gauze the heights of those shrines.
In 1789, an Artist Denial reached Shrinagar with a couple of army officials. Denial collected information about mines-minerals, flora, economic condition, geographical aspects, roads etc. Denial drew fine drawing of Shrinagar and Nazibabad. Denial drew map of Garhwal wherein he drew Bhagirathi, Alaknanda Shrinagar, and Devprayag etc. In 1789, Captain John Guthrie reached Shrinagar with compass and found geographical aspects of Garhwal (Phillimore).
In 1796, Captain Hardwick reached Shrinagar Naziabad via Kotdwara – Banghat. Hardwick wrote various aspects of Garhwal and that information were published in Asiatic Researches vol-6.
Survey of Archibald

In 1802-3, Archibald surveyed north of Moradabad and also collected important information about Kumaon. He sent those information to Lieutenant General Wellesley. He reported various aspects of Nepalese defense and administration and conditions of Kumaunis. In 1808, Colebrook reached to Banvasa near Sharda bank and as curious men Kumaunis came to his camp to see a White man. Colebrook asked them details of road reaching to Almora.
Colebrook reached to Bilorighat from Brahmdev Mandi. Colbrook met a few Mewati who used to collect exportation money from grazers and forest contractors. From there Colebrook returned back to Kashipur via Peeparhatti and Saktipur. Colebrook collected important information about Kumaon Tarai and Bhabhar under Nepal.
W.S Web and Reaper
As per advice of Colebrook, East India Company got permission from Nepal King for Lieutenant W.S Web for travelling to Gangotri for knowing the exact source of Ganga River. When Web reached to Haridwar and met Nepalese officer they met him cordially. Web and Reaper met Hastidal Chautariya in Bhimgoda. They went up to Bhatwadi (Bhagirathy valley) and returned to Shrinagar. They also visited Badrinath from Shrinagar.
Web surveyed from Bhagirathi Valley to that place where Ramganga River meets Ganga River. Web took two years for survey and collected important information. Web drew amap wherein he pointed rivers, hills, roads, staying places on those roads and other geographical aspects.

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -666
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena , historical papers related to Kumaon

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal;
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal,

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #808 on:** July 13, 2015, 11:01:09 AM »

Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur in Kuninda Period

कुणिंद काल में बिजनौर , हरिद्वार व सहारनपुर के भाभर व जंगल

Ancient History of Haridwar, History Bijnor, Saharanpur History Part -142
हरिद्वार इतिहास , बिजनौर इतिहास , सहारनपुर इतिहास -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग - 142

इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

हिमालय का आकर्षण

कुणिंद काल तक हिमालय का आकर्षण बढ़ गया था अतः पश्चिम से आने वाले यात्रिओं को सहारनपुर व हरिद्वार से हिमालय पंहुचना पड़ता था। यमुना के पश्चिम में गैर हिन्दू धर्मियों का आक्रमण व राज्य होने से कट्टर सनातनियों /बौद्धों को हिमालय या तलहटी में बसना पड़ रहा था।
यमुना गंगा के स्रोत्र ही नही किनारे के कई स्थान तीर्थ स्थान बन गए थे अतः हिमालय के अतिरिक्त बिजनौर , हरिद्वार व सहारनपुर का महत्व बढ़ गया था।
शिवालिक (वहिर्गिरि ) स्रुघ्न से दिखाई देता था। यह क्षेत्र बनैले हाथियों के लिए प्रसिद्द हो गया था (महाभाष्य ५/२/९४ । उस कल में बिजनौर , सहारनपुर व हरिद्वार के वनों से बनैले हाथियों को पकड़ा जाता था और उन्हें पालतू बनाया जाता था।

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India 13/7/2015

History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur to be continued Part --143
हरिद्वार, बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास to be continued -भाग -143

Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Sultanpur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , SaharanpurAncient History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar; History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Bijnor; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Ancient History of Saharanpur; Ancient History of Nakur , Saharanpur; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Deoband, Saharanpur; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur; Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient Saharanpur History, Bhabhar of Bijnor, Haridwar , Saharanpur Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना , बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास , Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
:============= स्वच्छ भारत ! स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

--

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #809 on:** July 14, 2015, 11:09:41 AM »

History of British Surveys for Dehradun

Anglo Nepalese War with Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -24
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -144
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -666

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

In 1809, The Saharanpur Magistrate asked an Engineer Stephen for making correct map of North Saharanpur. From November 1809 till March 1811, Stephen surveyed the region of between Ganga and Yamuna of North. Stephen also surveyed ahead of plains as ports of Shivalik (Timli, Khedi, and Mohan) bordering Saharanpur and Dehradun (Pillimore). Stephen also surveyed lower part of Himalaya (Jaunsar Bhabhar). Stephen proceeded ahead of Kalsi and reached to that place from where Yamuna descends into plains from Hills. Stephen enquired about road and geographical condition of road from Kalsi to Sirmour region. After getting information, Stephen returned to his head quarter. Stepehen sketched the map of Shivalik shrines, Doon Valleyes, Nalapani hills. By enquiring from tourists, he also showed the road from Dehradun to Nahan (Sirmour, Himachal).
In May 1811, a Tiruhit Indigo Plantation owner Higgins reached to Haridwar. On 4th may, Higgins reached to hill top of Chandi. He called that hill top as ‘Mountain of Moon’ (Bengal past and Present, September 1934). Higgins and his associate wanted entering in Gurkha ruling region. He came to know that Gurkha army is not stationed at Kansaro Port. On 14th May 1811, he entered into Dehradun via Kansaro Port. He met local Gurkha resident in Dehradun on 17th May 1811. On 20th May 1811, Higgins reached to Chakrata –Mussoorie Hill shrines with his associates. He called that shrine as ‘Tibet Hills second’. On 3oth May he returned to Badshah mahal (Saharanpur) via Timli Ghat. Emperor Shahjahan used to visit to Badshah Ghat for hunting.

Dehradun Survey To be continued..
** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 14/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -667
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX
Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena , historical papers related to Kumaon

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal;
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal,

MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

News:

Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल) (Read 534986 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

Bhishma Kukreti

Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)