MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

        Grihsthashram during Kuninda Period in Haridwar, Bijnor and Saharanpur

                            हरिद्वार  ,  बिजनौर   , सहारनपुर   इतिहास संदर्भ में कुणिंद काल में गृहस्थाश्रम
                     
                          Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,   Saharanpur History  Part  - 152                     
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग - 152                   


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

          औसतन विवाह 20 -25 वर्ष की अवस्था में होते थे।  पुत्र बड़ों की आज्ञा पालन करते थे। 
         पुत्र माँ के नाम से भी जाने जाते थे।  स्रुघ्न राजाओं के अभिलेखों में राजाओं ने अपनी माताओं के नाम उल्लेखित किये हैं।
  बौद्ध मत में नारी की प्रतिष्ठा को आघात लगा था जो शुंग व स्रुघ्न राजाओं के समय पुनर्प्रतिष्ठित हुयी।  नारी को परिवार का महत्वपूर्ण अंग माने जाने लगा और पतिचयन व अन्य निर्णयों में नारी को महत्व दिया जाने लगा। पाणिग्रह व अन्य यज्ञों में नारी भाग लेती थीं।
 बहुबिवाह आम रीती थी।
नारियोन का सम्मान उनके सदाचारी , न्यायप्रियता , दानशीलता व अतिथिसत्कार के कारण अधिक बढ़ता था।
      गृहस्थ तपस्वीइयों , भिक्षणियों , भिक्षुकों , विद्यार्थियों , गुरुजनों को भोजन व अन्य साधन देने में गर्व महसूस करते थे।




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 28/7/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --153
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -153

      Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;      History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Bijnor;    Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;    Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;     Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;   Ancient Saharanpur History,     Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास;  Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

                                    Educated Prince Sudarshan Shah

           Whereabouts of Sudarshan Shah during Gurkha/Gorkha Rule -3

             Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -38
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -158   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -680

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                                 The age of Sudarshan Shah would be around seventeen or eighteen in 1804. Prince Sudarshan Shah was brave, courageous, ambitious Prince. Prince Sudarshan Shah participated in infighting between his father Pradyuman Shah and uncle Parakram Shah. When his father died and lost the Kingdom, Sudarshan Shah was active to get back his Kingdom. Prince Sudarshan Shah was always busy in finding ways for getting back his Kingdom and used to have connections with various personalities.
               The records of Tehri Riyasat and Maularam poems indicate  that prince Sudarshan Shah had love for reading. He had knowledge of creating poems in Braj language. He practiced creating couplets, Chaupai (four stanza poems), Savaiya etc. Prince Sudarshan Shah was also had knowledge of music tones. He was habitual of telling his poems to others.
            It seems that while spending his youth in Kankhal he had relations with literature creators, scholars, and learned people.
     Definitely, Sudarshan Shah had some knowledge of Sanskrit. He used to create Sanskrit Poetry Stanza and used to give scholars to complete the poems.
         Hari Datt and Vishnu Datt were two learned Sanskrit scholars in his Court in Tehri. A Sanskrit drama ‘Sabha Bhushan created by Vishnu Datt, Hari Datt was staged in Tehri court.
                          Hemp and Tobacco addicted Sudarshan Shah
  Prince Sudarshan Shah started smoking Hemp and Tobacco especially in Haridwar. This addiction was with him till his death. He called a painter and painted his portrait while he was smoking Hukka.

                   Hunting by King Sudarshan Shah
    Prince Sudarshan Shah had liking for Ayedi (hunting). Painter Ajab ram painted the portraits of Sudarshan Shah and his brother Devi Singh in hunting pose. He used to go for hunting in Jungles nearby Kankhal. He used to invite British officials and other princes for hunting in Kankhal. By hunting together with British officials Prince Sudarshan Shah got opportunity to get support of East India Company officials. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 30/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -681
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,

                  Three Marriages by Sudarshan Shah

           Whereabouts of Sudarshan Shah during Gurkha/Gorkha Rule -4

             Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -39
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -159   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -681

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                There are records of three marriages by Sudarshan Shah in Tehri Court Records (Dabral). His queens were – Sirmaur Ji, Bhorpali Ji and Jamavali Ji. Sudarshan Shah married with Jamavali ji in 1818.
 Sudarshan Shah got his kingdom back in 1815. When he came to Tehri with order of east India Company the record states his queens as – Sirmaur Ji and Bamori Ji. It seems Bamori ji was  Bhorpali ji. Sirmaur Ji was daughter of Karm Prakash the Chieftain of Sirmaur. Bamora ji was the daughter of Karam Chand the chieftain of Bambu (Bhambhor). Karmprakash was also displaced by Gurkha.
                    Wisely Spending by Sudarshan Shah
          There was no income source for Sudarshan Shah in Kankhal. His in laws also could not help him. Sudarshan Shah had to practice for  a miser spender.  He also opened a shop in Kankhal by appointing a known person the charge of the shop (Sirmaur Gazetteer).
  Maularam also described Sudarshan Shah opening a grain shop in Tehri.

               Contact with Harsh Dev Joshi

                       Harsh Dev Joshi was spending a helpless life in Kankhal even before Pradyuman Shah reached to Kankhal in 1803. His son Jaynarayan was in prison of h Nepal Court. After the death of Pradyuman Shah,  Harsh Dev Joshi lost his friend.
Harsh dev joshi started spending life of a sage in Kankhal at the age of 60. He travelled to Lahore and Kangara and met Lord Leke and other Company officials. They only offered him consolations. He was witnessing the sale of Garhwali slaves by Gurkha in Kankhal and it was because his misconducts and ambitions that Kumaon and Garhwal lost the freedom. It was said that Harsh dev Joshi used to write letters to relatives of Garhwali slaves on behalf of slaves. 
               
 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 31/7/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -682
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,

      Creation, Collection, Compilation , Editing and Promotion of Puran in Kuninda Period

                 पुराणों का सम्पादन और हरिद्वार, बिजनौर व सहारनपुर का इतिहास

                Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,   Saharanpur History  Part  -  155                   
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -    155               


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

       
        महाभारत के अतिरिक्त पुराणों की रचना , एकत्रीकरण , सम्पादन अधिक काल तक चलता रहा हिअ।  पुराणों के रचयित्त को हर जगह व्यास कहा गया है।  अर्थात व्यास उसे कहा गया है जिन्होंने प्राचीन इतिहास व सूत्र को रचा,  सम्पादन व उन्हें प्रचारित प्रसारित किया.
 पुराणों के लुप्त अंशों की पूर्ति व नए अंशों की रचना शुंग काल व उसके आगे भी होता रहा है।  कहा जाता है कि पुराणों का वर्तमानस रूप गुप्त काल में मिला।  लेकिन यह सर्वबिदित है कि पुराणों की रचना गुप्त काल से पहले हो चुकी थी क्योंकि पुराणों में गुप्त  शासकों का उल्लेख नही है एबीएस एक स्थान पर - भागवत पुराण में " अनुगंगापर्यार्ग गयायांच मागधा गुप्ताश्च भोक्ष्यन्ति " (१२/१/३६-३७ ) है और वह भी विश्वस्फर्जि हेतु लिखी गई है ना कि किसी गुप्त शासक के उल्लेख हेतु।
इस पथ अनुसार विश्वस्फर्जि ने अपने बल से क्षत्रियों को नष्ट कर दिया और हरिद्वार से लेकर प्रयाग तक सुरक्षित राज्य किया।
            पुराणों में गंगा , यमुना तट व हिमालय की बड़ी प्रशसा की गयी है।  इसका अर्थ है कि -
शुंग काल में उत्तराखंड में प्राचीन ग्रंथों के पाठन , पठन व रचने का प्रबंध था।
हरिद्वार , बिजनौर व सहारनपुर , हिमाचल  क्षेत्रों में भी ऋषियों के आश्रम थे।
पुराणों व महाभारत के कुछ भागों का एकत्रितकरण , सम्पादन अवश्य ही उस समय हुआ होगा जब सहारनपुर , बिजनौर , हरिद्वार व उत्तराखंड के पर्वतीय क्षेत्रों में शान्ति रही होगी। यह समृद्ध व शांत युग शुंग काल से स्रुघ्न काल तक मालूम होता है। 



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 1/8//2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --156
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -156

      Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand Creation, Collection,Compilation,  Editing and Promotion of Puran ; Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran  Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran  Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Compilation, Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Compilation, Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran  Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran  Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran   Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran  Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Compilation, Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran   Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran  Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;  Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran    History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran Ancient History of Bijnor;   Creation, Collection, Compilation, Editing and Promotion of Puran Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Creation, Collection, Compilation, Editing and Promotion of Puran   Ancient History of Saharanpur;Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran   Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;  Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran  Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;  Creation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran   Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur; Creation, Collection,Compilation, Editing and Promotion of Puran  Ancient Saharanpur History,  Creation, Compilation, Collection, Editing and Promotion of Puran   Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास;  Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

                 Sudarshan Shah Facing Danger for his Life

Whereabouts of Sudarshan Shah during Gurkha/Gorkha Rule -7

             Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -42
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -162   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -684

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                    The promissory note of January 1811 by prince Sudarshan Shah to his cook Hiramani shows that a day before or so, Gurkha soldiers surrounded Sudarshan Shah at Bhakhuwala. The life of Sudarshan Shah was in danger and he had Hiramani and a couple of other men. Hiramani and other men saved the life of Sudarshan Shah.  Though, in promissory note, there was no mention of the name of Army. British army was not unfriendly with Sudarshan Shah. Gurkha Army camp was near to Kankhal. Bhakhuwala is 22 miles away from Kankhal on Nazibabad Road. On 16th January 1815, Bamshah sent a letter to Colebrook that British army disturbed the bordering region. It means there used to disruptions by British and Nepalese armies in each other Areas on bordering region. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/8/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -685
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
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Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,