Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)  (Read 535018 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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           Sudarshan Shah meeting Moorcroft and Ochterloni 

Whereabouts of King Designated Sudarshan Shah during Gurkha/Gorkha Rule -13

             Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -48
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -167   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -690

                     Sudarshan Meeting with Moorcroft
            According to Records of Tehri Riyasat, Sudarshan Shah met Moorcroft and his son (as in record- Moorkirpat sahib and Chhota sahib Moorkirpat).  Moorcroft was superintendent of Stable in Tiruht. In 1812, Moorcroft visited west Tibet via Garhwal in dress of a sage. From 1812, Moorcroft was eager to push Gurkha east of Kali River. Along with Hearsay, Harsh Dev Joshi and Sudarshan Shah, Moorcroft sent strategic information to John Adam and Governor General for displacing Gurkha from Central Himalaya. The timing would be 1811-12 for meeting of Sudarshan Shah with Moorcroft and his son.
   In 1818, Moorcroft reached to Tehri and met Sudarshan Shah. On that time he did not have his son with him.
                      Sudarshan Shah meeting Ochterloni
      It seems that Sudarshan Shah met the Lord Lake in Punjab. In record it is written that Sudarshan Shah met ‘Ssaikal Sahab’ of Karnal and Hansi wale Sikandar sahab’ in Karnal. Hansi Sikandar is recognized as Colonel Skiner.
 It seems that in rainy season of 1814, Sudarshan Shah met Ochterloni. On 21st August, Ochterloni sent a letter to John Adam that the Company should capture Dehradun, Karyadoon, Sirmour and should hand over the territories to their respective past Kings for getting buffer trade territory for Company reaching to Tibet.

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/8/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -691
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,




Bhishma Kukreti

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    Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava with reference History of Haridwar,  Bijnor,   Saharanpur
                        हरिद्वार  ,  बिजनौर  , सहारनपुर   इतिहास संदर्भ में शको का शासन व संस्कृति

                   Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,   Saharanpur History  Part  -  162
                                         
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -162                     


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

         पुराणों में कलियुग के राजवंश वर्णन में सोलह शक शासकों का उल्लेख हुआ है (भागवतपुराण )। संबनःवत्य शक नरेशों के साथ पह्लवी नरेशों को भी जोड़ दिया गया होगा। पह्लव जाति ने मोग मृत्यु पश्चात भारत में प्रवेश किया था। पहलवियों ने गांधार आदि स्थानों में छोटी छोटी ठकुराईयां स्थापित की  थीं। यवन ठकुराइयों को पह्लवि ठकुराइयों ने ही मिटाया।
        विशुनपुराण में उल्लेख है कि -ततः शोडस शका भूपतयो भवितारः।  तत्श्चाष्टो यवनाः।  याने सोलह शक राजाओं के बाद आठ यवननरेश हुए। इतिहास में यवनों के पश्चात शक शासन शुरू हुआ था।
  शक भी यवनों के समान अत्याचारी थे और प्रजा इनके राज में  थी। शक कई कर लगते थे , प्रजा का अपहरण करते थे, जनता को  पीड़ित करते थे व शक अतिलोलुप थे (भागवत पुराण )।
                                     शक संस्कृति .
 शक अलग समय पर भारत में आये अतः सबकी संस्कृति समनं नही रही होगी।  अष्टाधायी से पता चलता है कि  400 BC  से भी पहले कभी शक जाति का प्रसार तब का पश्चिम भारत में हो चुका था।  प्राचीन संकलनगर का संबंध शक जाति से जोड़ा जात्ता है। पतंजलि ने यवन , शक , गब्दीक (चम्बा के गद्दी ) , क्रौंच (माणा ) , शौर्य (कुमाऊं का सौन्कीद्वार ) को आर्यव्रत से बाहर माना है।
                           कई  शक जातियां  घुमन्तु पशुचारक जाति थी जो हिमालय व सहारनपुर , हरिद्वार , बिजनौर आदि स्थानों में भी पशुओं के साथ आये और घुमन्तु जीवन बिताते बिताते कृषि कार्य  करने लगे और फिर खस जाति मे विलीन हो गयीं।  इसके बाद कुषाण पशुचारक भी शक पशुचारकों से मिल गए और आज भी हिमालय में कश्मीर से उत्तराखंड व तलहटी में बणगुजर के रूप में विद्यमान है और भाभर में भी विद्यमान रहे हैं। 

                           आकृति व वेशभूषा
       साइथियन जाति के प्राचीन चित्रों तथा ईरान की शक जातियों के चित्रों में समानता होने से दोनों जातियों को एक ही वर्ण का माना जाता है।  शक जाति के लोगों का रंग गोरा था और दाढ़ी मूछ में आर्यों से मिलते  थे व द्रविड़ , कॉल , मंगोल जातियों से सर्वथा भिन्न थीं।
     शकों की घनी दाढ़ी व लम्बे बाल होते थे।  शकों ककी नाक तीखी व ऊपर उठी होती थी।  शकों की भौंवें ऊंची व आँखे गनहरी होती थी।
            शक पूरी बांह का जैकेट , व सलवार ऊपर की और ढीला व नीचे तंग कपड़े पहनते थे। शक ऊंची व नुककीली टोपियां पहनते थे।
                         शक अश्वाराही व पशुचारक थे।  कमर में खड्ग लिए चलते थे।  चंदे के जुटे पहनने वाले शक सलवार को जूतों के अंदर खूंसे रहते थे। एड़ी व घुटनों के मध्य चमड़े की पट्टी घुसेड़े रहते थे।



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India 12 /8/2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --163
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -163

       Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,   Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava, Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,    Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,    Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,    Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava, Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ; Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,   Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava, Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,      Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,   Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,   Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava, Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;  Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,     History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava, Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,  Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,   Ancient History of Bijnor;  Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava, Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,   Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ; Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,    Ancient History of Saharanpur; Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,   Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,     Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;  Administration and Culture of Indo Scythian , Saka/Shaka Pahlava,    Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;   Ancient Saharanpur History,     Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास;  Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

--



Bhishma Kukreti

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                      Sudarshan Shah in Delhi Residency

Whereabouts of King Designated Sudarshan Shah during Gurkha/Gorkha Rule -14

             Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -49
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -168   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -691
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                 Archibald Seton was Resident in the court of Shah lam II from 1806-1811. Then Moorcroft became resident and Gardner and Frazer were his assistants.  Delhi Residency was communicating with Central Himalayan Hill Sates. The Tehri records state that Sudarshan Shah communicated with Lat Yeral Maira Sa (Governor General Earl of Moyara). According to Tehri Records, Sudarshan Shah also met Adam. Tularam  a clerk under Frazer used to communicate with Hill Kings.
               Minya Prem Singh writes interesting incident about Sudarshan Shah meeting with Assistant Resident Frazer in ‘Guldast Tabarikh’. When east India Company decided to push Gurkha from West of Kali River, Kriparam Saklani and Jwalaram Saklani met Frazer in Delhi. Deceptively, Both had left Gurkha administration and were on the side of Company. Kriparam Saklani and Jwalaram Saklani pretended them as the Heirs of Garhwal King. Saklani assured Frazer that barring them there was no heir of Garhwal King. Sudarshan Shah got that information from his well-wisher. Sudarshan Shah communicated with Rampur Nabab. Rampur Nabab offered suitable elite dress for Sudarshan Shah, elephants and horses. Nabab gave a letter for Frazer and sent Sudarshan Shah to Delhi for meeting Frazer in Delhi. When Sudarshan Shah handed over the introduction letter of Rampur Nabab to Frazer, Kriparam was there. When Kriparam understood that his lies was caught Kriparam bent before Sudarshan Shah and requested for pardon.
   Frazer accepted Sudarshan Shah as real heir of Garhwal King. Frazer advised Sudarshan Shah to meet Sir Edward Colebrook the agent of Governor General. Colebrook also accepted Sudarshan Shah as Heir of Garhwal King. Colebrook informed Sudarshan Shah that British army would attack on Dehradun and on that time Sudarshan Shah should accompany British Army. Colebrook also advised Sudarshan Shah to provoke Garhwali People for revolting against Gurkha (Preamble, Invasion of Nepal).

  Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/8/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -692
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,





Bhishma Kukreti

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        Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian

                                     शकों की सामजिक मान्यताएं :हरिद्वार  ,  बिजनौर   , सहारनपुर   इतिहास संदर्भ

                 Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,   Saharanpur History  Part  -  163                     
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -  163               


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

       
     शक अश्वारोही व पशुचारक जाति थी।  शक समाज का मुख्य भोजन दूध व मांश था।  संभवतया शक पशु और गिरे हुए शत्रु का गरम गरम रक्त भी पीठे थे (राहुल , मध्य एशिया का इतिहास ).
शक जाति प्याज लहसुन के बड़े शौक़ीन थे और संभवतया जंगली लादू /पलाण्डु (जंगली प्याज ) का प्रयोग हिमाचल व उत्तराखंड में शकों के आने से ही शुरू हुआ था. प्राचीन लेखकों के अनुसार शक युवतियों की सुंदरता का कारण उनका जंगली प्याज (Allium  cepa ) व लहसुन था (बाणभट्ट , अष्टांग संग्रह ) ।
  शक जाति में विवाह प्रथा अपने प्रारंभिक काल में थी - एक पत्नी के बहु पति या एक कुछ नारियों के साझे पति।  पूर्वी हिमकहल व पश्चमी उत्तराखंड में पहली  प्रथा स्वतंत्रता के बाद भी प्रचलित रही है। ये दोनों क्षेत्र सहारनपुर व हरिद्वार की सीमाओं पर स्थित हैं।

                       शक समाधियाँ और सती प्रथा का उद्धभव
   शक समाज मृतकों को मिश्री प्रथा अनुसार समाधि में दफनाते थे।  समान्तों समाधियों में के शव के साथ पत्नी , दासी , आयुध , आभूषण , औषधि आदि सुविधाजनक समान भी रखा जाता था। हिमाचल के लद्दाख , लेह व उत्तराखंड में (मलारी ) शक समाधि मिली हैं (डा डबराल )
शक अग्नि दाह चिता अग्नि का भी प्रयोग करते थे और पत्नी को भी शव के साथ जलाते थे।  राहुल का मानना है कि सती प्रथा की शुरुवात शक काल में हुई।




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India  13/8 /2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --164
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -164

      Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian , Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;  Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,    Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,   Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;    Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian , Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian , Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,   Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian , Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;     Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian , Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian , Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,   Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,   Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian , Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,   Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;    Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,     History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Bijnor;    Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;    Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;     Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;    Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian , Ancient Saharanpur History,   Social Culture of Saka/Shaka/Indo Scythian ,     Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास;  Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

--

Bhishma Kukreti

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              Sudarshan Shah meeting British Army officers

Whereabouts of King Designated Sudarshan Shah during Gurkha/Gorkha Rule -15

             Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -50
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -169   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -692
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
         After meeting with Colebrook, happily, Sudarshan Shah returned to Kankhal. Now, Sudarshan Shah was waiting for British Army of Meerut attacking to Dehradun. According to records of Tehri Court, Sudarshan Shah met following British Army officials (Minyan Prem Singh) –
Janrail Jilapsin Sahab (Major Gene. R. R. Gillespie) major General Gillespie was appointed the commander of Third Command for attacking Dehradun.
Karnail Maubi sahib( Colonel Maubi ) –Maubi was assisting Gillespie and he was ordered to attack on Khalangagarhi.
Major Baldik (Major  Baldock) – Major Baldock participated in khalanga Battle and then he was sent to Jauntgarh for capturing Nepalese Commander Balbhadra. Sudarshan Shah was with Major Baldock while capturing Shrinagar.
Mejor Madil sahib (  Major General  Martindell )-  Major Martindell was in charge for capturing nahan and Jaithuak.
Bartan , Ras , Alakjaran Sahab- They were recognized as Burton, Rous and Alexander.    Rous was assisting Ochterloni.
Kaptan Ang (Captain Young)- Lieutenant Young was sent for capturing Timlighat and Yamuna Ports.
Karnal Keri (Major Kelly )- Major Kelly participated in second attack on Khalanga Battle.
Prinseep sahib- Henry Principe had been famous Historian and was present at Nahan Battle.   
The other army personals recorded in records of Their Court could not be recognized.
   British officials understood the importance of Sudarshan Shah in attacking to Dehradun, Nahan and Garhwal. Therefore, British high command ordered its officials



  Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 15/8/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -693
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,




Bhishma Kukreti

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                 Sudarshan Shah provoking Garhwalis against Gurkha

                         Khalanga Campaign -1
     Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -51
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -170   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -693
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

          After returning from Farukhabad Sudarshan Shah started contacting influential Garhwalis of Garhwal.  Kankhal, Jwalapur , Haridwar were under East India Company. Rishikesh was asmall village. Garhwal King and Gurkha administrators donated the land to Bharat Mandir. People from Dehradun and Dahngu , Udaypur, Langur, Ajmir used to come to Rishikesh for selling their commodities and purchasing other materials. When Gurkha administrators came to know that East India Company personnel were contacting Garhwalis for betraying Gurkha (Jain-bejai, Khechal) Gurkha stopped Garhwalis visiting Rishikesh and other bordering markets for trade.   However, it was not possible to watch on each jungle and paths going to Rishikesh and other wholesale market.
     Though, there was no letter available but it was sure that Sudarshan Shah contacted influential Garhwalis and provoked them against Gurkha.
  Mahipat Shah offered Dhangu, in Jagir to Butola as he helped Mahipat Shah against Bhanushahi. When Gorkha came to Garhwal as ruler , Dan Singh Butola revolted against Gurkha of Dhangu escaped to Lal Dhang. Gurkha took over Dhangu Kagir from Butola family. Khara (the land of Hearsay given to Sudarshan Shah) was near Laldhang. Perhaps Dan Singh Butola met Sudarshan Shah .
      In those days, two educated Garhwalis helped East India company. One was in service of Houseson. Houseson described him the local of Shrinagar but did not write his name. He helped Haouseson in getting information of Garhwal (Pillimor). Second person was Tularam; Frazer corresponded with Tularam for information about people of Jaunsar Frazer, Himala Mountains).
     Saknayni brothers helped Gurkha at the time of Gurkha entering Dehradun (1803-04). Saknyani brothers Shiv Ram and Kashiram were active in helping East India Company. They provoked the villagers against Gurkha (Frazer).
       

  Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 16/8/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -694
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,


Bhishma Kukreti

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                          Sudarshan Shah Saving Frazer‘s Life

                         Khalanga Campaign -2
     Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -52
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -171   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -694
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

              Delhi Resident Metcalf ordered his assistant Frazer to reach Haridwar in second week of October 1814. Frazer was asked to meet Garhwal King Heir Sudarshan Shah to get information and to share if necessary.  Frazer was asked to reach Meerut for future battle campaign of Dehradun after meeting Sudarshan Shah.
    Sudarshan Shah was a natural hunter of Lion and in 1803, painter Ajabram painted Sudarshan Shah and his brother Devi Singh hunting Lion.
 Frazer was also keen hunter and did not use elephant or other help in hunting the Lion.  Sudarshan Shah invited Frazer for lion hunting and perhaps Frazer sat on the seat on Elephant. Frazer fired gun on a lion and injured lion jumped on elephant of Frazer. Frazer life was in danger. Watching the situation, Sudarshan Shah came for rescue and fired on injured lion. Shah saved life of Frazer. When the news reached to Company offices, Company officials praised the courage of Sudarshan Shah.
  Frazer reached to Meerut and Sudarshan Shah stayed back in Kankhal.
           When the company army reached to Dehradun, Sudarshan Shah, Shiv Ram and Kashiram also reached to Dehradun and met the Company officials.
  According to Treasure record of Tehri Riyasat, Sudarshan Shah reached to Dehradun from Jwalapur Haridwar with Major Baldock and Lieutenant Menirith. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 17/8/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -695
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,


Bhishma Kukreti

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                     Rise and Fall of Kushans in India referring History of Haridwar,  Bijnor,   Saharanpur
                                हरिद्वार , बिजनौर ,  सहारनपुर   इतिहास  संदर्भ में भारत में कुषाण साम्राज्य
                   Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,   Saharanpur History  Part  -  165                   
                                                हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग -  165               


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

       
                                कुशाण जाति आगमन

   शकों की हराकर पहलवों ने शासन किया और पहलवोँ को हराकर कुशाण राजाओं ने भारत में प्रवेश किया।
 प्राचीन  साहित्य में कुशाण जाति की पहचान तुषार या तोखारी जाति से की जाती है (सभापर्व  , महभारत ) । कुणिंद जनपद के निवासियों में पारद व तुषार दोनों का उल्लेख मिलता है  (सभापर्व , महाभारत )।
 
                        कुषाणों का भारतीय संस्कृति से परिचय व प्रभावित होना

                    कुषाणों द्वारा भारत प्रवेश से पहले ही भारतीय संस्कृति से परिचय हो चुका था व कुशाण भारतीय संस्कृति से परिचित भी थे।  गांधार आदि क्षेत्रों में मौर्य काल से ही कुशाण कांठे खोतन प्रदेश में अपना उपनिवेश बनाकर उसे सांस्कृतिक दृष्टि से भारत का भाग बना चुके थे (पुरी )।

                              कुजुल कदफिस्
 
  भारत में यवन , शक , पह्लव और कुशाण राजयविधि के बारे में इतिहासकारों के मध्य एका नही है।
           अनेक विद्वानों का मत है कि ईशा के प्रथम शती के पूर्वार्ध में कुशाण नरेश कुजुल कदफिस् ने पह्लव नरेश से उसकी राजधानी तक्षशिला छीन ली थी समकालीन , यवन , शक व पह्लवि शाशकों को कदफिस् की अधीनता स्वीकार करनी पड़ी थी (बंदोपाध्याय )।
               पश्चिम की ओर कदफिस् का साम्राज्य मर्व तक था बैक्षु (ऑक्सस ) नदी के प्रसिद्ध व्यापारिक मार्ग पर कदफिस् का नियंत्रण था (पुरी ) ।
             कदफिस् की मुद्राओं में कुछ पर बैठे हुए बुद्ध का चित्र मिलता है।  इससे पहले भारत में बुद्ध का मानवचित्र नही मिलता है। कदफिस् के मुद्राओं में खरोष्ठी में  ' महरयस रयरस देवपुत्रस ( महराजस्य , राजराजस्य देवपुत्रस्य ) अंकित है। कदफिस् ने ध्रमठित का विरुद भी धारण किया था।  इससे साफ़ जाहिर है कि कदफिस् बौद्ध धर्म से प्रभावित था।
        कदफिस् को ही कुशाण सम्राज्य का पहला राजा माना जाता है और उसने 80 साल तक राज य किया।




कुशाण इतिहास संदर्भ -
पुरी , इण्डिया अंडर कुषाणज
महाभारत
बंदोपाध्याय - प्राचीन मुद्राएं
 घ्रिशमैन , ईरान
एलन - क्वाइन्स ऑफ अन्सिएंट इण्डिया
राहुल , मध्यएशिया का इतिहास
डा शिव प्रसाद डबराल , उत्तराखंड का इतिहास भाग -३

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India  17/8 /2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --166
 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -166

     Rise and Fall of Kushans ,  Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Rise and Fall of Kushans ,   Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,  Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,  Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,  Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,  Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans , Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Rise and Fall of Kushans ,   Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Rise and Fall of Kushans ,   Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,    Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,    Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,   Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,  Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;     Rise and Fall of Kushans ,    History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,  Ancient History of Bijnor;    Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,   Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,   Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;     Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,  Ancient Saharanpur History,    Rise and Fall of Kushans ,    Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास;  Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas
                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:

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Bhishma Kukreti

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         Third Battalion Marching for Dehradun
                         Khalanga Campaign -3
     Anglo Nepalese War with   Reference to Gurkha Rule over Uttarakhand & Himachal -53
History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -172   
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -695
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

             The Third Battalion of East India Company could not march for Dehradun from Meerut before 14th October 1814. Because, the designated Commander for Third Battalion Major General Gillespie did  not reach to Meerut before that date. Third Battalion marched under the leadership of the commander of 53th Regiment Lieutenant Colonel   Maubi. There were following army men and supply men with Third Battalion (John Premble)-
                          European Solders
First battalion of 53 Regiment 
A Troop of 8th battalion of Royal Irish
Draguns and Mule Core
 Total ----------------------------------------------------------- 900 soldiers
                  Indian Army
Artillery ---------------around 3000 soldiers
Gun pullers and animal hawkers ----------200
Cavalry and other officers, soldiers , supply core members ----------3500
Total armed soldiers ---------------------------------------------------------4400
Non armed service men ------------------------------------------------10,000
Camp and officer’s servants ------------------------------------------- 5000
  The use of cavalry was possible in Dehradun plains only.
There were following Guns (top)-
12 inch –2
6 inch --- 8
Heavy Guns –4
      European Officers agreed to use fewer materials with them. However, officers were not ready for reducing personnel goods. A Army officer Lewdly required sic camels for taking his personal articles and on top of that he could not take alcohol bottles with other personal items. It was difficult for arranging animals and carriers. Therefore it took time in marching for the battalion. 


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 18/8/2015
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -696
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,


Bhishma Kukreti

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    Kushan King Vima Kadphises with reference History of Haridwar,  Bijnor,   Saharanpur

                              कुषाण राजा विम कदफिस् व हरिद्वार स ,  बिजनौर   , सहारनपुर   इतिहास


                  Ancient  History of Haridwar, History Bijnor,   Saharanpur History  Part  -  166
                   
                         
                     हरिद्वार इतिहास ,  बिजनौर  इतिहास , सहारनपुर   इतिहास  -आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक-भाग - 166               


                                               इतिहास विद्यार्थी ::: भीष्म कुकरेती


 कुशाण नरेश कुजुल के बाद उसका पुत्र विम ने राज्यभार संभाला और कुशाण साम्राज्य को कपिशा -गांधार से पूर्व की और कुरु -पांचाल और काशी तक पंहुचा दिया।
       कुशाण नरेश विम ने अनेक प्रकार की मुद्राएं प्रचलित कीं जो तक्षशिला से लेकर पूर्व में तिरहुत तक मिलीं हैं।
उसकी कुछ स्वर्णमुद्राओं पर शिव मूर्ति अंकित हैं।  कुछ में नंदी अंकित है।  रजत मुद्रा पर शिरस्त्राण , लम्बा कोट , पायजामा के साथ विम खड़ा मिलता है। उसके आगे वेदी और त्रिशूल है, पीछे धनद व आगे शायद कोई पात्र है।

  कुशाण नरेश विम  के ताम्रमुद्राओं में द्विभुज शिव भारतीय वेश भूषा में जटायुक्त , बाएं कंधे में व्याघ्र चर्म लटकाये व दायीं भुजा में त्रिशूल लिए खड़े मिलते हैं। बाएं कंधे पर नृकपाल व पुष्पों की माला है। नंदी पीची खड़ा है और शिव तनिक नंदी का सहारा लिए खड़े हैं।
      इन अन्य मुद्रा में त्रिशूल के साथ परुष लिए भी हैं।
           विम की मुद्राओं में हिन्दू देवता अंकन होने का अर्थ है कि विम की शैवमत में अपार श्रद्धा थी
  विम की मुद्राओं में उसका विरुद है - 'महरजस राजधिरज सर्वलोग इश्वरस माहीश्वरस विमकदफिसस ( महाराजस्य राजधिराजस्य सर्वलोकईश्वरस्य  माहेश्वरस्य विमकदफिसस्य ) मिलता है।
               उसकी एक मुद्रा में अग्रभाग में वह ऊँची टोपी तथा लम्बा लवाड़ा पहने खड़ा है , दाहिने और हवनकुंड व बाएं हाथ में परशु है। 




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India  /8 /2015

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --167

 हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -167


      Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ,  ;   Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises, Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises, Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises, Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises, Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises, Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises,   Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises,   Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;      Kushan King Vima Kadphises,Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Kushan King Vima Kadphises,Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises,    History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient History of Bijnor;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;     Kushan King Vima Kadphises, Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;   Kushan King Vima Kadphises,    Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;   Kushan King Vima Kadphises,  Ancient Saharanpur History,   Kushan King Vima Kadphises,    Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार का इतिहास ;बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास;  Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas

                     :=============  स्वच्छ भारत !  स्वच्छ भारत ! बुद्धिमान भारत =============:


 

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