MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

        British Announcing Division of Garhwal Kingdom
                Division of Garhwal Kingdom   -2       
 
              Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -294
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -824   
               
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
         After Malaun treaty on 15Tha May 1815, Governor General decided for capturing strategic places of Hill states.
  When at the end of May, Gurkha vacated Himachal Garhis and started marching for Nepal, Ochterlony sent soldiers under Major Baldock for capturing Garhwal. Sudarshan Shah and Frazer were also marching with Baldock for Shrinagar.
        On 28th May 1815, Company Secretary John Adam informed to Frazer, “the Governor Cabinet was proposing for taking charge of land from Kumaon   Bhagirathi or Alaknanda. By doing so it would be clear demarcation of boundaries (between Tehri and British Kumaon-Garhwal) up to place o f confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda (Dev Prayag).  From Devprayag onwards to south would be under Doon valley. Barring Doon valley and west of Alaknanda the balance portion would be left for Sudarshan Shah.”
    “Whatever River (Alaknanda or Bhagirathi) becomes demarcation point, it is necessary that most of boat ports, ports and bridges come under British. The important strategic places beyond the river should be taken under British. Shrinagar would be under British only.”
    “Governor General got information (though can’t be reliable) that the people of Shrinagar are against handing over the rule to Sudarshan Shah. If they are not opposing they are not interested in Sudarshan Shah. If that is true, it is necessary for having police force in east of Alaknanda. “
          “As far as Doon valley is concerned its importance is not for its fertility and forest wealth but it is important for defense point o f view. By keeping Doon valley under us we shall have rule over Dehradun, Kiyardoon, Sirmaur, Malaun, Sabathu that from Sutlej to Kali River”

      British army marching for Shrinagar

     In first week of June 1815, British soldiers under Major Baldock reached to Jogyana Athur via Dehradun, Nalapani, Chamuvakhal. Sudarshan Shah followed Baldock with his a few supporters, Sivram, Kashiram, Asadu Gusain and ten Panch (juries of  village councils). Sudarshan Shah camped at Bamund.
        Gurkha commander Subba Jagjit was there at Tori rope Way Bridge for stopping British army. A few Gurkha soldiers also reached Tori from Ravain. Gurkha soldiers fired on British soldiers. However, later on Gurkha soldiers escaped towards Shrinagar. British army camped at Tori and Sudarshan Shah camped at Athur. Quite a few -Ex officials (Mutsadi), village chiefs, workers, councilors, Rautelas (sons of King family members from their female Keepers) and people of Garhwal reached to Athur for meeting Sudarshan Shah (Archives of Tehri Kingdom).
               Alternation of Nepal resident Bakhtawar Singh

    Bamshah informed about British-Kumaon Treaty to Bakhtavar Singh Basnyet the Nepal Resident of Shrinagar. Through a letter, Bamshah requested /suggested Gurkha officials to reach Doti from Garhwal with their weapons and properties. Bamshah informed that it was sure that British rule would be there on Shrinagar. Bamshah suggested to Nepalese officials of Garhwal that after British reaching to Shrinagar, they should follow the instruction of British.
    When Bakhtawar Singh Basnyet read the above letter, Bakhtawar Singh cried and spoke – “the high officers became traitors! Nobody is now patriotic” Bakhtawar Singh had an opinion that Bamshah handed over Kumaon by betrayal. Since, Amar Singh Thapa was in charge of Garhwal; Bakhtawar Singh Basnyet did not leave Shrinagar and stayed back in Shrinagar.
  The representatives of Amar Singh Thapa those came to Shrinagar handed over the letter of Amar Singh to Bakhtawar Singh, informed about Malaun Treaty and made him understand that it was not possible for resisting the British power.
             Major Baldock camped at Ranihat with his army. Sudarshan Shah reached on 17th Jeshtha , Vikrami Samvat 1872 ( June 1815) to Ranihat. Sudarshan Shah camped at ‘Bail Nagan’ rivulet bank. Baldock called Bakhtawar Singh Basnyet at Ranihat camp and informed him about Malaun treaty.
  Loaders and carriers were provided to Gurkha officials and solders (Garhrajvanshkavya by Maularam). Gurkha showed their desire to see Sudarshan Shah as he was Boldan Badrinath too (Speaking God Badrinath).  Major Baldock did not permit Gurkha for meeting the King. On 21st Jeth VS 1872, Gurkha army officials, soldiers and civilians started marching for Nepal from Shrinagar. Those Gurkha were not interested for going back to Nepal they were pushed out from Shrinagar. Those Gurkha had to flee from Shrinagar.


 
 (From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Records of  Tehri Kingdom etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 11/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -825
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

                     British Declaration for East Garhwal
                           Division of Garhwal Kingdom   -4       
 
              Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -296
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -826   
               
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

              After settling administration in Sirmaur, Hindur, Bushehr etc, William Frazer reached Shrinagar on 14th July 1815 by crossing Ganga at Jakhnai through Sanga boat. Frazer camped at Gulabbagh in Shrinagar. Same day, Sudarshan Shah reached to Shrinagar and camped at Kui Bagwan 9Tehri Archives).
           Next day, Frazer declared that the region of east of Alaknand up to Rudraprayag and in north east of Mandakini was under British rule and people will be called the subjects (Praja) of British State. (Atkinson)
   Frazer instructed that inhabitants should come back to their villages and should start normal agricultural activities. Frazer declared abolition of Slavery (Barda) from Garhwal. Frazer called the Kamin and Sayana (Villages chiefs and elites) of East Garhwal and told them that East Garhwal and Kumaon are now merged in one Pargana. From now, they (East Garhwal people) should understand under Edward Gardner.
   Frazer informed Edward Gardner through a letter on 21st July 1815 about merger and also attached a list of Kamin and Sayana of East Garhwal. Frazer requested Gardner for taking charge immediately. Frazer mentioned that till that time the decision of East Bhagirathi region is undecided.
  Frazer sent a few officers to Kumaon for taking instruction for East Garhwal.

               List of Kamin and Sayana of East Garhwal

  Frazer sent a list of Kamin and Sayanas of East Garhwal (July 1815) to Gardner as follows -
Pargana-------Patti --------------------------Sayana
1-Ajmir ------------------------------ Kalmu Raut, Dillu Bisht,Bisalu Inti
2-Udaypur--------------------------- Kalmu Bisht, Ultu Negi, Ubdalu Bisht, Dhaunterilu
-----------------------------------------Negi, Patta Bisht, Kalmu Negi, Bhagwan Payal,
----------------------------------------- Chhavanu Daftari (Kamin)
3- Salan --------1 Dhangu----------- Kalli raut, Bhurtu Raut, Sobhanu Bisht, Puriya Raut,
---------------------------------------- Kumlu Daftari (Kamin)
------------------2 Karandu ------------Gauru Bhandari, Uchhalu Raut,
-----------------3- Langurgarh---------Bagha Raut, Vinodu Bisht, Bilmu Raut
----------------4-Shila------------------ Rathan Singh, Ginur Singh Aswal
--------------- 5 Kaudiya -----------------Balvant Singh Rautela
---------------- 6- Chaundkot-----------  Bhupchand Utanu Raut, Bhup Singh Raut, Viashalu Raut,       ---------------------------------------------  Premu Thaplyal, Kumtusing Negi, Dhaunkalusing Negi
---------------7- Badalpur ---------------- Mahtabu Negi, Shimseru Negi
--------------8- Kidiyakot-------------- Ghumaru Negi, Surju Negi
-------------9- Painon----------------------- Birsadu Gusain, Kulpu Negi
----------- 10- Bungi--------------------- Shimseru Negi
-------------11- Gujadu ------------------ Ulmatu Raut, Thoba Raut
---------------12---Khatli ---------------- Mohansing Raut, Banchu, Mansing, Mangalsing
---------------13- ?------------------------Sudas Negi
---------------14- Bangarsiyun -------------- Soibatsing Raut
---------------15- Dhoundhyalsyun---------- Dasrath Baman
----------------16- Meldhar -----------------------? Bhandari
---------------17- Talain------------------------ Dhuramu Negi, Anandu Negi, Bishnu Raut
----------------18- Kolagaddi-----------------Ubdalu raut
---------------- 19- Sainjdhar----------------- Bhuvanand , Gauri Baman
----------------20- Bijlout -----------------Samseru Negi
4- Barasyun   (15 Patti) -------------------Munni Chandola, Khuntu Raut, Uchalu Bisht,
---------------------------------------------- Padmu Bisht, Udot Singh Bisht, Dilmani Baman,
---------------------------------------------- Mangu Bisht, Kateun Bisht, Dhansingh Bisht,
------------------------------------------- Kwinu Raut, Rikhwa Gusain, Narku, Dhirju, Nausheru, ------------------------------------------------Surbalu, Kafola, DillU, Dhansing, Gobindi, Naushersing, ---------------------------------------------Ubadalusing Aswal
5- Devalgarh----------------------------- Banchu Gusain, Kamsur Baman, Mutadu Negi
6- Chopdakot----------------------------Kweesing Bhandari, Sobanu Bhandari, Narku Bhandari, -----------------------------------------------Kalva Bhandari, Dhirju Negi
7- Dhanpur (Tambakhan) ----------- Uchhabu, Molsi Chaudhari
8- Chandpur---------------------------- Haraksing Kuwar, , Bhadursing Kuwar, Bhaguatsing Kuwar
------------------------------------------- Chandarmani Baman
9- Badhan- ---------------------------Ujmatsingh Raut, Nurutsing Raut , Gopalsing Raut,
----------------------------------------- Dharmu Negi, Dhanchu Muhira
10- Dasauli-------------------------- Mohansing Dikola, Bhuvanu Likhwar, Bhupsing Raut
--------------------------------------- Bhuvanu Kotin
11- Painkhanda --------------------- Bhavni Sing Negi, Dhansing Bhandari
12- Kapiri------------------------------ Diuli, Deetram, Jhuru
13- Kuthali----------------------------- Moosa
14- Nagpur ---------------------------- Dhannu Gusain, Samseru Bhandari, Kidaru Bhandari
------------------------------------------- Biju Raut, Pattu raut, Puran Kholi, Harku Raut,
----------------------------------- Pusu Bisht, Keedu Aswal, Seetal Chaudhari
15- Pinkandi ------------------------ Thurtu Nakhlada, Chaitu Bhandari, Gundha Bhandari, Banchu,
------------------------------------------- Thuku
16- Lobha------------------------------- Sumeru. Lutadu, Bunehu
 (From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves  of  Tehri Kingdom Record etc.) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -827
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

                     Frazer and Sudarshan Shah in Delhi
                           Division of Garhwal Kingdom   -6       
 
              Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -298
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -828   
               
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

        William Frazer informed to Edward Gardner that he would start journey for Delhi from Shrinagar on 24th July 1815. According to Archives of Tehri Kingdom, Sudarshan Shah went to Delhi on 24th July 1815 with William Frazer. Major Baldock and 5 officers were handed over the responsibility of Protecting Shrinagar. There were 500 soldiers with Major Baldock.
                      British Authorization for Sudarshan Shah

          Sudarshan Shah was in Delhi till 25th December 1815. Before offering Kingdom to Sudarshan Shah, High Command asked various details from Frazer. Frazer sent his report on 16th October with a letter to the East India Company. On 17th November, the Cabinet of Governor General authorized the proposal about Garhwal and Sudarshan Shah (devar, English Pre Mutiny Records of Saharanpur) .
         John Adam sent a letter to Frazer (Records Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon) -
1-The region of west of Alaknanda and Mandakini Rivers already added with Kumaon. The rest of region leaving Dehardun would be offered to Sudarshan Shah. The said region would be enough for day to day expenses and administrative expenses for Sudarshan Shah. Therefore, Sir Governor General took Dehradun with British rule.
2- Ochterlony informed that due to Defense strategy it is not good to give back Ravain. Therefore, Ravain region would be under British and would not be offered to King Sudarshan Shah.
3- Frazer wrote that Sudarshan Shah be allowed to stay in Shrinagar. Governor General raised question on that suggestion. Shrinagar is in left of the Alaknanda and comes under British rule. There will be many problems by Sudarshan Shah and his employees staying in Shrinagar. The king wants to stay there where he does not have any right.
4-If the King insists then you inform him that he would not be offered the Kingdom of West of Alaknanda and Mandakini.
5- If the King accepts the above conditions, you offer him the region of West of Alaknanda and Mandakini Rivers as King. We shall decide about administration in Ravain later stage.
6- The following conditions would be added in Authority letter (Declaration) –
        A-In future, whenever there would be need, the King would arrange labor and food faculties British officials
     B- The condones of British Government for taking responsibilities of defending King will be there till the King follows by heart the conditions of declaration letter.
 High command authorized to Frazer for preparing a temporary Authorization letter for Sudarshan Shah on a paper. Frazer was asked to make a copy of authorization letter with translation and send that copy with translation to the Company. After some time, the permanent authorization letter with signature and stamp of Governor General would be sent to the King.
    The land for Shivram Saklani  was not included in the region offered to Sudarshan Shah on the temporary authorization letter by Frazer.
 The permanent authorization letter (sanad) signed and  stamp of Governor General was offered  on 4th March 1820



(From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves  of  Tehri Kingdom Record etc.) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 15/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -829
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

                                       Sugauli Treaty
                           
               Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -300
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -830   
      
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

               British captured Dehradun, Garhwal Kumaon and Himachal. British officials started administrating those regions. However, there was no written statement from Nepal court for those regions as British region. Nepal court could not win the above regions but in future, Nepal could claim rights of the above Himalayan regions.  Amar Singh Thapa and other commanders had opinion that the lost region could be taken back by force. Therefore, British officials were eager for written agreement with Nepal.
    British was not ready only for rule over west of Kali River but British wanted to take the disputed land of Bhabhar and Tarai too. British Government wanted to weaken Nepal by all means.
                    Endeavors of Guru Gajraj Mishra
         Gajraj Mishra the Guru of Nepal King Ranbahadur was in exile in Banaras. Before, the war started, Nepal King sent money to Mishra that he starts dialogues for treaty with British government.  However, Gajraj Mishra did not act on that time.  However, after Nepal came under distress, Guru Gajraj Mishra became ready for starting dialogues with British officials. Gajraj Mishra reached Kathmandu with Chandrasekhar after receiving request from Nepal king. (Sanwal). Nepal officials were eager for treaty with British.
  Nepal King provided an authorization letter with his seal to Gajraj Mishra.
 On 28th May 1815, Gajraj Mishra and Chandrasekhar met Lieutenant Colonel Bradshaw in Sugauli.
            Bradshaw put a paper of conditions before them. Bradshaw put condition of region of Bhabhar and Tarai from Kali to Sista, British asked Nepal to hand over Nagari and Nagarkot region for Sikkim.
              Guru Gajraj did not agree for the conditions of British.Gajrak Mishra explained that he was not authorized for Nepal leaving  Tarai , Nagari and Nagarkot.
 After failure of meeting of Mishra and Bradshaw, High Command asked Edward Gardner for having discussion with Bamshah.

 
(From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, Sanwal, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves  of  Tehri Kingdom Record etc.) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 18/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -831
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

                       Fresh War Preparation

                                       Sugauli Treaty -3
                           
               Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -302
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -832   
      
                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

              There was no treaty even by discussion of British with Gajraj Mishra and Bamshah representatives. On 22nd July 1815, Governor General sent a threatening letter to Nepal King. In the threatening letter, Governor General stated that British believed on certain principles that it did not keep any demand that thereafter there was dispute.  The war was trust on us by Nepal as Nepal did not abide principles. Nepal thirsted war on British and British would not leave the rights to get back the loss occurred in war.
     However, due to insistences of Amar Singh Thapa and others Nepal court did not take any decision for treaty. There was hope of getting helps from China and Tibet Lamas.
            There was a discussion on the treaty in Nepal Court (Chhalbal). Amar Singh Thapa said that Nepal should wait the rainy season as British army had to go back in Rainy season. By that Nepal would get sufficient time for war with British. There was news that Chinese King sent an army from Digarchi for helping Nepal.
    Governor General closed the treaty discussion and instructed Ochterlony for new war with Nepal. Governor General authorized Ochterlony for discussion for treaty too. Governor General took decision for sending a huge army for Ochterlony.
 The instruction for Ochterlony was -
  1-Major General John Wood with 5000 soldiers and a few guns would capture Tarai of Gorakhpur region.     If possible, Wood would capture  Palpa , Tenzing and west valley of Nepal.
2-Lieutenant Colonel Gasper Nichols would capture Doti with 6500 soldiers and 20 Guns through Pilipbhit.  Edward Gardner would march with Nichols for luring Bamshah to be King of Doti and helping British.  Lieutenant Colonel Adams with army would enter Doti through Kumaon.
3-In far East , Captain Latter would protect border and would inspire Sikkimese for surrounding Nagari Fort.
4- Ochterlony would capture Makwanpur. If Nepal King did not be ready for treaty Ochterlony would march for capturing Kathmandu.
In that second campaign, there were 35,000 soldiers and more than 100canons. That huge army was enough for threatening 12000 soldiers Nepal Army. Hastings wanted to threaten Nepal by huge army.
  However, Nepal was not ready for bending before British without a war.

(From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, Sanwal, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves  of  Tehri Kingdom Record etc.) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 20/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -833
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal