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Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Mahima Nand Sundriyal : A Garhwali Language Poet of  Narrative Style and Emotions
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
       Mahima Nand Sundriyal is famous for his narrative with short  story of daily life as day of a farmer’s wife of rural Garhwal or a story of a girl marrying ,  to father in law’s house and memorizing mother‘s house/village. Sundriyal has expertise of making narrative poems emotional too. The poet is successful in creating many symbolic poems and imagery uses too. Sundriyal creates poems on imagination too but does not look fantasy at all.
   Mahima Nand Sundriyal was born in a hilly village Badoni, Guradsyun, Pauri Garhwal of Himalaya in April, 1928. Sundriyal served in ordinance factory Dehradun and retired from there.
 Mahima Nand Sundriyal had been a permanent figure in Garhwali cultural and social activities in Dehradun till couple of years back. His involvement with various types of human beings inspired him to write poems on varied changing personalities of a human beings as a female in her mother’s house, as wife, as mother as a relative neighbor etc.
    Sundriyal published tens of his Garhwali poems in regional periodicals and Akshvani related his many poems too.
             His specialty is to choose a small plot for narrating story and weaving memorable poem from that plot. Mahima Nand Sundriyal narrates day to day life in such a way in his poem that readers are hooked on his poems . Sundriyal uses metaphors, figure of speech, symbols, imagery technique , and with lot of emotions as per requirement of the plot. Sundriyal uses time to infuse emotion into the poem. With the story narration, Mahima Nand Sundriyal also describes the geographical figures in the poem.
   As far as form or style of his poem are concerned Sundariyal did not do any experiments and limited to conventional couplets and chaupya etc. Creating melodious  poems is the way Mahima Nand creates poems. Since the plot of poems are related to day to day life, most of the  poems of Sundriyal are an example of realism too.
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009

Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Dr. Umashankar ‘Satish’ : Portrayer Garhwali Village Life in Garhwali Poems
                                            Bhishma Kukreti
  Dr Umahsnakar ‘Satish’ is famous for his portraying the village life of Garhwal in his Garhwali language poetries. Umashankar Satish has tremendous sympathy with migrated labour class and this sympathy is visible in his many poems. The poems of Umashankar about sympathy with emigrant Garhwali Indian struggling in plains compel the readers for thinking the discrimination of administration   and political juntas for no development in rural Garhwal and these poems create frustration in the mind of readers , which incline to think about need of the autonomy in the hilly areas for self-planning for developing hill districts of Uttarakhand. No doubt, the separate state Uttarakhand movement caught momentum from early nineties but  the poems and thinking of poet cum intellectual as Umashankar Satish sow the seeds or need of the separate state for hilly districts of Uttar Pradesh . ‘Satish’ is also famous for creating emotional poems and imagery poems .
    Dr Umashankar ‘Satish’ was born in 1937 in a Himalayan village of Nagpur area of Chamoli Garhwal.  Dr Umashankar  is  a melodious  singer too
 Dr Umashankar ‘Satish’ published hundred of poems in regional periodicals and his two collections of poems ‘ Raimasi’ and ‘Khuded’ (1956) induce critics to read his other poems too.   
   Dr Umashankar created poems for varied subjects, his poems are of different raptures and emotions. He created pathos and frustration oriented poems very well . The poem-
Bitailya chhaya sal char vain
Atthani tankha ma badhi gen
Shows his concern over the worsening conditions of emigrant garhwali labour class in Indian plains who are forced to migrate from Garhwal because of no employment in Garhwal,
   Umashankar is expert of portraying a place of area in such a way that the readers feel the total experiencing of the territory  concern.
  Satish wrote poems about love and he connect the love communication with the symbolic flora and fauna of Garhwal. 
Twai se pirem mera
Tero rup rang teri sya chal
Tero surilo sur basad jan munal
….
Teri hiranai si ankhi teri swani mukhadi
..
Tri dathuli ka saun , twai se perem myaro
 Dr Umashankar did not hesitate for using  the dialects of Nagpur region of Chamoli Garhwal in creating his poetries.  Dr Umashankar used conventional style  of Garhwali poems in his creating poems and poems are melodious from all angels.
 Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009

Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Narendra Kathait : A Signature in Satiric Garhwali Prose Making
                               Bhishma Kukreti
    Narendra Kathait will always, be remembered for the first Garhwali satire prose maker who published first time the collection of Garhwali satire essays and article-Kulla Pichkari. . Narendra Kathait is one of the prominent signatures in writing satiric and humorous Garhwali prose. Narendra attacks wrong happenings and cause of wrong happenings in rural Garhwal. The satire of Narendra Kathait is always to the point and abstemious but compel the readers for thinking the causes of wrong happenings in the society.
     Narendra Kathait is born in Kidwai Nagar , New Delhi on 28th April 1966. After graduating , Narendra Kathait joined Akashvani Pauri. Originally, Narendra Kathait belongs to Himalayan village-Salda, Bangadhsyun, Pauri Garhwal.
     As far as satiric prose (article0 in Garhwali  is concerned,  Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna (Dhad of May, 1991) said that there have been least numbers of satirist in Garhwali prose making . In 1991, Bahuguna mentioned that Govind Chatak and Jagdish Badola have written a couple of prose satire in Garhwali and Bhishma Kukreti published more than four hundred satiric articles. However, Puran Pant (Garhwali Dhai, 3rd October, 2009) mentioned that till date, Bhishma Kukreti has published more than one thousand satiric articles .Puran Pant Pathik,  Pritam Apanchhanak , Harish Juyal have also wrote a couple of satiric prose. However, there have not been writers in Garhwali prose who take this satiric field seriously except Bhishma Kukreti and Narendra Kathait . There is vast difference between the writing style of Bhishma Kukreti and Narendra Kathait.
  Narendra Kathait wrote satiric drama - Dr Asharam (2003), Kula Pichkari (2007) a collection of satiric articles,  Lagyan Ra (2009) second collection of garhwali satiric article. Narendra Kathait also wrote poetries in Garhwali and published his collection of Garhwali poetries ‘Tup-Tup in 2006 and ‘Pani in 2009. Narendra wrote poetries in Hindi too.
  Narendra Kathait had been publishing regularly his satiric articles in regional periodicals as Uttarakhand Khabar Sar, hamari Chitthi, Yugvani Rant Raibar etc.
   Garhwali satire creator   Bhishma Kukreti and critics Bhagwati Prasad Nautyal, Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal praised Narendra Kathait for his observation about wrong happenings, bad customs, no-desirable , non beneficial changes taking place in the society , weakening of close relationship in the society, ridicules happenings in the society,  other weaknesses in society or in government administration and then Narendra Kathait attacking them with style and fierce .  Satirist should have a sharp observing power and should also use comparison between the two situations. As a new generation satirists, Narendra Kathait fulfills both the conditions of a satiric prose maker.
     In true sense, Narendra Kathait fulfills the various definitions of satiric writings set by Charles Churchill, Caius Cornelius Tacticus, Meredith, Swift, Robert Harris, Maynard jack, Clark, M.S Abraham , Stanley Lane Poole, Simpson, William Hass.
      Narendra Kathait writes in  simple language for common men , hesitate to limit himself for intellectual readers and never hesitates to use the dialects of Bangadhsyun area. His uses of regional dialects are useful for protecting the purity of Garhwali language. Narendra’s uses of regional dialects also help him to create  his own style in Garhwali prose making  . Narendra has been successful  using common Garhwali proverbs, folk saying for creating aggression in satire prose. Narendra Kathait also transformed many Hindi words into Garhwali words and this work of Kathait should be appreciated loudly.
    Variation in style is concerned, Narendra does less experiments and focuses on his own way of showing ridicules.
  Narendra Kathait has tremendous potentiality for creating and writing thousands of satiric essays.
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
     

             Dr. Govind Chatak as  Garhwali Language Poet
           ( A review of Garhwali, Kumaoni , Himalayan Literature )
                                                      Bhishma Kukreti
              The contribution for  Garhwali language of Govind Chatak in unforgettable  and he contributed in many fields of Garhwali literature. Collection of folk literature, classification of those folk literature is his main and historical contribution. Govind Chatak has also written poetries in Garhwali language in his early youth. The poems of Govind Chatak are imagery, influenced by Bramasa (describing seasons) and depicting the struggle, frustration of poor people.
     Govind Chatak was  born on19th December 1933in a Himalayan village  Sarkasaini, Lostu of Tihri Garhwal and passed away on 11th June  2007 .
   Apart from contributing to folk literature of Garhwal, Dr Chatak also wrote and published Garhwali poetries. Dr Govind Chatak published two Garhwali poetry collections in 1957- ‘Geet Vasanti’ and ‘Phoolpati’.
  According to Bahuguna (1981), Govind Chatatk wrote three types of poetries in Garhwali language”
1- Depiction of geographical beauty of Garhwal
2- Poems about common man and his struggle, frustration, enthusiasm and hopelessness in daily life , love poems and various common subjects
3- Poems influenced by folk songs of Garhwal specially Bramasa and creating poems on the seasons, seasonal variations in Garhwal.as
Ritu baudi aye didi dain jasi phero
Kare hilansyon na did parvatun baser
  Dr Chatak conventional form in his Garhwali language poetries. Dr Govind used common symbols, proverbs, metaphors successfully in his poetry collection .
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti , Mumbai, India, 2009

Critical History of Garhwali, Himalayan literature
          Nityanand Maithani as a Garhwali Language Poet
                                   Bhishma Kukreti
   Nityanand Maithani is a prominent figure in Garhwali literature for his contribution in Radio plays, Radio essays , dramas, translations . Apart from writing novel in Garhwali,  Nityanand Maithani  wrote poetries in Garhwali language too. His poetries deal with different subjects related to rural Garhwal and emigrant Garhwalis scattered across India. Nityanand Maithani is famous for avoiding Hindi words in his Garhwali language poetries and he got appreciation for his describing nature, season, day to day life of Garhwal in his poetries.
           Nityanand Maithani was born on 10th November, 1934 in Shrinagar, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand. His inclination towards music brought him to All India radio and he served in various centers of All India Radio. His transfer to Naziabad center of All India Radio became blessing for Garhwali language . Nityanand Maithani started many programs in Garhwali language from All India Radio  Nazibabad relay centre.
    Nityanand Maithani wrote tens of poems in Garhwali. Latu Gunduru, Ramdei, Ko chu Bal Va’, Mayedi aj Des Vikral are his famous and well heard Garhwali language  poems. Using metaphors , memoir , pure Garhwali words , describing the contemporary  life style of Garhwal and comparing with the past , personification of animals and plants are some specific specialty of Maithani . The poems are melodious and seemed to be not written by an intellectual but by a common man .  Nityanand Maithani is popular poet of Kavi Sammelan too because of his simple wordings, perfect and understandable figure of speech, common symbols and imagery wordings in his poems.
Chhota ma dekhi chhau twai he ramdei
Ab ni chhai kakh chai batau he ramdei
                      Dhoti theglya chirin angadi tutin dhagula
                       Thainch bujnani khosi-mausi chhai ramdei
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India.2009.