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Author Topic: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख  (Read 724854 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #410 on: August 11, 2011, 11:49:43 AM »
                    Garhwali Lullabies and discussion on Psychology of Lullabies  
                                                    Bhishma Kukreti
(African lullabies, American Lullabies, Asian Lullabies, European Lullabies, pacific Lullabies Series)
                      Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal is the first Garhwali scholar who initiated collection and publishing the Garhwali (Indian) lullabies and children folk songs.
                    Dr Dhoundiyal opens the discussion on psychology od lullabies in many places in his book ‘Garhwali Balgeet’.
              Dr Dhoundiyal states that the introduction of child with music starts from mother’s lullabies or uttering musical sound by mother or child caretakers.  Same way psychology experts Susan Hallam states in the book ‘Music Psychology in Education’ that in early infancy, the parents and the child care takers play a big role in musical enculturation. The non verbal communication or music by child care takers has very big role in music development.  The wordless song or tonal sound by mother or child care takers creates a specific musical competence in child.
         Bhishma Kukreti states in his write up ‘Characteristics and Uniqueness of Garhwali Lullabies’ that the loudness of tone and song of lullaby is always in low sound or lullabies are always calm. Psychologists  Trehub, Henderson, Unyak, Shenfield and others explain that the reason is that due to special sensitivities of infant towards song sung by caregivers. Infants prefer the song sung be mother than mother. That is why lullabies are always related to mother or female caregivers than father or male adults.
    Bhishma Kukreti states that the mother adapts her style and tones according to the need of child as per age. Bergeson and Trehub explain that mother has got instinct to adapt her behaviour. For example, mothers change the pitch and clearer lyric as soon as the child develops language skill. Dr Dhoundiyal explains same matter in literary sense that initially mother sings the song of words which have no meaning or words of indistinct mean meaning. Dhoundiyal provide examples of lullabies of Garhwali language that later on mother sings the song of words of distinct meanings. The same case is not found in father singing lullabies.
 Pitch and melody of Lullabies and children songs:
   Dr Dhoundiyal in his above sited book ‘Lullabies of Garhwal’ and Bhishma Kukreti in his write up ‘Characteristics and Uniqueness of Garhwali Lullabies ‘state that the complexities of song wordings increase with the age of child.  Scholars Demany, Clarkson and Clifton explain by research that –
1-Infants have same competence processing pitch as adults have.
2-The infants can identify sounds of same pitch with different harmonic structure.
3-Kesen identified that 6-9 months old child can match the pitches of vowels sung to them.   by 7-8 months , the child can discriminate the intervals of sound as small as semitone.
4- Scientists as Dowling, Morrongiello, Pick, Lamont, Cross etc explains the process of learning the ‘Tonality ‘ by infant the 
5- Infant has a predisposition for processing and identifying the rhythm With the age , the child develops discriminating power clearer than infant.
6-  Trainor, Heinmiller, Zantner, Kagan proved that Infants are more attentive to and affected by song/music based on consonant rather than dissonant intervals.
7- There is some relation with memory of infant and liking of same types of music and the types of singers
8- The literature analyst Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal states that the infant responses to the song sung by mother and in later stage (9months or so) also starts singing I indistinct words. Scientists as Dowling explain that from 9th month, the infant starts making spontaneous babbling or distinctive sounds and pitches.
9- Literature critics as Bhishma Kukreti and Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal classified the Garhwali (Indian) children folk songs as per the songs sung for children of their age. The reason is that the song and melodies of song are changes as per the age of child.
 Scientists as Trainor, Heinmiller, Zanter etx explain scientifically that there is difference of perception for emotional music between infants and older children.
 The above explanations will be helpful in analyzing various factors of Garhwali lullabies and children folk song in further articles of American lullabies, African Lullabies, Asian Lullabies, European Lullabies, and pacific Lullabies series. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti   bckukreti@gmail.com
 

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #411 on: August 12, 2011, 01:35:30 AM »
                                Classification of Garhwali Children Folk Songs                                                      
                                                          Bhishma Kukreti
              At the end of the nineteenth century Gairola initiated collection of folk literature of Garhwal (Uttarakhand , India) . Ganga Datt Upreti added the literature at the same time when Gairola was working on Garhwali folklore. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna published the Garhwali folk song first time and Dr Govind Chatak , Dr Mohan Babulkar, Dr Hari datt Bhatt ‘Shailesh’, Bhishma Kukreti addressed various aspects of folk songs of Garhwal. Most of the above scholars touched children folk songs as apart of folk songs of Garhwal and least was provided attention on the subject of children folk songs as special subject.
 Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna published an exclusive Garhwali children poetry book ‘Ankh Pankh’  but these poetries are not children folk songs
   Credit goes to dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal for first time collecting and publishing Garhwali children folk Songs (Garhwali Balgeet, 2009).
              Te book became an inspiring instrument to discuss the classification of Garhwali children folk songs among intellectuals.
                   Scholars classify the children folk songs depending upon various objectives, therefore there are different types of classification of children folk songs.
               For example Hope c Bliss suggests in his article ‘ Beyond ABC: Classification to Promote The Folk Songs in School’  to classify children folk songs based on following important aspects
1-Role of Children Folk Song indicating about, for whom the song was created or sung
2- Ethnic origin of children folk song means that which ethnic group was first to create the song
3-Geographical origin of  children folk song describes where the song was originated
4-Time of Children song creation or era
5- Type/Style/kind of children folk son
6-Mood/Tempo/game of children folk song notes the mood or emotion expressed by the song
7-Readability of children folk songs
8-Verses/Syllable/Podia of children folk song
9-Suitability of children folk song according to age of student
10-Movement /Game/Dance in children folk song (why the groups kept alive this children song)
 John Blacking divided children folk songs depending upon tonality of children folk songs in his book ‘Venda’s Children Song: a study in ethno musicological analyses.
    Ann Osborn Seyfort classified children folk song in his article ‘Analysis and classification of British Canadian Children singing Games’,  and analyzed children folk songs according to following pattern
1- Accent
2-Syllable number
3-Melody ( Cadences and Form)
Velle Espeland analyzed thoroughly the problems of classification of non narrative children folk songs in his brilliant article ‘ The Lullabye: On the Problem of Typology for Non-narrative folk Songs’
 Velle paid attention on action too to classify children folk songs
          Bhishma Kukreti further elaborates the non-narrative Garhwali (Indian) children songs or music as
1- Cattle call –non narrative and narrative songs/musical tone
2- in the name of cattle call, the singer’s intention is to call other persons
3-Echoing for self enjoyment or children just echoing for their own pleasure 9many times –competition for echoing from mountain)
4-The tone or just sound at the time of plough acts  by children
5- Some game as playing by hand to make sound of sea shell ( shankh).
6- Music drawn from playing the onion leave (Pimpri Bajan)
7- Creation of lullaby by parents or child care givers instantly by any subject and then forgetting it or no body collects the same as the song or poetry is limited to that instance only. The song may have meaning or the song may have no meaning at all.
8-Play or game song as parents or child care givers clapping the child hands.
9- Child care givers make sounds by blowing mouth, kissing the child, slapping the body of his own or the child.
10- Child care taker making music (sound) by playing any metallic objects or non metallic objects or even blowing leaves to create  sound or music
11- Adults creating sound of insects, animals or birds to amuse the children or grown child creates sound of animals or birds
12- Melodies without wordings
13- Deceptive voices by children or adults
14- Creating sounds by adults or children at any action
15- Playing musical instrument by either child or adult for self amusement by child and adult  trying to amuse child
16-Child trying to copy  the adults and creating melodies or no melodies.
                Classification of Garhwali folk Poetry by Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal                
                         Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal classified Garhwali (Indian) Children folk song according to nature and behaviour of folk songs as :
1- Lullabies
2-Indistinct wording children folk songs
3-Distictive wording children folk songs
4-The song based on alphabetical chronology based children folk songs
5-Children songs related to numbers and mathematics
6-Children folk songs of farming, horticulture, floriculture and shepherded
7- Joking and amusing children folk songs sung by children
8- Children folk songs related to children games
9- Children folk songs related to domestic animals, wild animals and birds including forests
10- The children folk songs of other languages
             Suggestion on Classification of Garhwali Children Folk Songs by Bhishma Kukreti       
                   Kukreti follows the classification of Dr Nand Kishor with adding that there should be addition of musical part in the classification as suggested and discussed by  Kukreti on the article of  Ann Osborn Seyfort. Kukreti also suggests that many times the child care takers or children either create religious songs for the moment or they sing religious and spiritual folk songs and there should be mention of religious folk songs in the classification of children folk songs of Garhwal.
1- Only Vocal Music or instrumental (conventional and non conventional music instrument)
2- Lullabies
3-Indistinct wording children folk songs
4-Distictive wording children folk songs
5-The song based on alphabetical chronology based children folk songs
6-Children songs related to numbers and mathematics
7-Children folk songs of farming, horticulture, floriculture and shepherded
8- Joking and amusing children folk songs sung by children
9- Children folk songs related to children games
10- Children folk songs related to domestic animals, wild animals and birds including forests
11-Religious and spiritual folk songs either created by individual or are taken from common songs available in the society
12- The children folk songs of other languages 

Sources:
1-Garhwali Culture and Heritage by Bhishma Kukreti
2-Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal, Manorama Dhoundiyal, Garhwali Balgeet, Dhad Prakashan, Dehradun
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti bckukreti@gmail.com
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #412 on: August 13, 2011, 04:10:25 AM »
Comparative Studies of ‘Utlu Putlu ‘a Garhwali Lullaby and African lullabies, Asian Lullabies, American Lullabies, European Lullabies and pacific Lullabies             
                                                Bhishma Kukreti
              This write up  is aimed to find out the universalities and specific characters of regional lullabies in context with a Garhwali (Indian) lullaby.
 The Garhwali (Indian) lullaby is as
  उतलु पुतलु
(गढ़वाली लोरी )
उतलु पुतलु , भलु गिचलू
  चुप ह्व़े जालू म्यार थुपलु 
  आ बिरळी  आ बिरळी
   म्यार  थुपलु की गिची काट
 चुप ह्व़े जादी , कुतु पुतलु
  भलु च म्यार छ्वटु बुबुलू
  आ रे मुसा आ रे मुसा
म्यरा चुन्च्लू की खुट्टी काट
  आ रे कवा आ रे कवा
  म्यारा कुतुलू कू चुप्पा छांट
 चुचुलू मुतुलू कूँता कुंतुलू
चुप ह्व़े जालू म्यरा बछरू

Utlu, putlu, bhalu gichlu
Chup hwe jalu myaro thuplu
Aa birali , a birali
Myra thuplu k gich chaat
Bhalu ch myar , chhwatu babulu
Aa re musa aa re musaa
Myar chunchulu k khut kat
Aa re kauva aa re kauva
Myar kutlu k chuppa chant
Chuchlu mutlu koonta kuntalu
Chup hwe jalo myar bachhru
Translation
Utlu, Putlu, kind Gichlu
Will be calm, my Thuplu
Come on cat, Come on cat
To lick mouth of my Chunchulu 
Rat! Come on, come on rat 
To bite foot of my   Chunchulu
Come on crow come on crow
To fasten hair of my Kuntalu

Utlu, Putlu, kind Gichlu
Will be calm, my Thuplu
The lullaby has many proper nouns of no meanings. The lullaby has many words and vowels which are repeated many times. The main aim of various no-meaningful words is to make the poem lyrical and for soothing effects. The pets and common bird crow are used as objects for making poem simple and understandable. The poem is very figurative.
                 Same way, there are many lullabies for making child go to sleep or calming down a crying child in various languages and regions:
                                   English Lullaby:               
                    The following lullaby is five hundred old lullaby and have been passed by old generation to new ones.
Lavender’s blue dilly dilly
Lavender’s green
When I am king, dilly dilly
You shall be queen……
In the above English Lullaby, there is mention of king and queen ( Lshal be king, you shall be queen, you shall be king , I shall be queen), plough, work . the lullaby could be compared with ‘Utlu Putlu’ Garhwali lullaby  and the Garhwali lullaby related to agriculture based lullaby too.
                                      Scottish Lullaby
Oh fear not the bugle 
Tho’ loudly it blows
It calls the warders
That guards my repose;…..
Ho –ro –ro-ri-
Sleep until down ….
As in Scottish (by W Scott) lullaby, in Garhwali lullaby, there is apportion of fear and there are hidden indications of eradication of fear in lullabies of Scotland and Garhwali (Indian)
                                        Lullaby of Kastoria Mountain of Greece (Translated)

Nani nani my child
Come sleep make it sleep
Come sleep from the vineyard…
Take it to the sheepcote
To sleep like a little lamb…..
And to wake up like a little goat
In this Greek lullaby, there is mention of lovable animal kids and in the above Garhwali lullaby; there is mention of pets and birds.
                                Czech Lullaby (translated)
  The following Czech lullaby is a historical lullaby in the world. The record shows that the lullaby published in ‘The Informatorium of the School of Infancy by J A Comenius in 1633. The book is the witness that lullabies were used as medium of teaching the students. The readers  may find the similes between the  child with birds or animals in  this  Czech lullaby and Garhwali lullaby ‘Utalu Putlu’ . In Garhwali lullaby ‘Utlu Putlu’ the caretakers say my Bachhru’ (calf0 for child and in Czech lullaby, child is compared with ‘Holoube’ dove
Sleep my little rosebud
Sleep little dove
Sleep for a good while
An  hour , three, four
Baby…….
                            Turkish lullaby (Translated)
Dan-dini Dan dini Dastana
Into garden the calves did stray
Gardner quickly chase them away
They will eat the cabbage without delay
Huuu, huh u Huuu…
The present Turkish poem has a similarity with Garhwali lullaby or other form of poems that the first stanza does not have any meaning and even many words are not having meaning but to make poem lyrical the first stanza is created. This type of poem’s style is called Bajuband poetry style in Garhwali.

                                                   Lullaby of Tuscany Region (Italy)
The shepherd cries when it snows
He does not cry when he eats the Ricoota
The shepherd cries when it rains
He does not cry when  eats the  Caciole …
The above Italian lullaby is quite old poem and very popular one. In this Italian Lullaby, the images of geographical conditions and eatable food are described. The poem is definitely aimed for a grown child and is also a teaching poem too.
                           Western and Central Romanian Lullaby
Go to asleep my tiny baby
Try to sleep and get a sleep ,,,,,
Abua-bua –bua
Abua your mother will gently kiss you
Don’t b afraid of dragon in the forest
Your mother is forever protecting you
The said long poetry is quite old lullaby of  Bihor, Cluj, Nasaud regions of Romania. The dragon is also mentioned there and is lullaby related to fear eradicating lullaby too.
It is universal fact that the lullaby creates a fear and at the same time, there is subject of eradication of fear too.
                            Exotic animals in Modern Danish Lullaby  
           A Danish poet Herald H Lund wrote a lullaby in 1948 using exotic animals in the lullaby. The poem became so popular that people presume that the poem is a folk Lullaby of Danish. The lullabies  are not only used just for child care but child caregivers also enjoy the raptures of lullaby as is found in the following modern Danish lullaby :
Now the stars ignite in the sky
The half moon raises its sable …
Sleep tight , little Jumbo, rock abye….
And the monkeys sing make themselves to sleep…
A zebra puts on his pajama…
A flying squirrel with fluffy legs….
Listen the tiger roars its evening songs…   
There is similarity in this Danish lullaby and Garhwali lullaby that in both the lullaby there are descriptions of animals, though with different proposes.
                Folk Lullaby of Northeastern  China  (Translated)
 The following folk lullaby is related to images of nature
The moon is bright, the wind is quite
The tree leaves hang over the window
My little baby,  go to sleep quickly
Sleep, dreaming sweet dream……
In Garhwali (Indian) , there are folk Lullabies  of this type where sleep is asked to come for baby.
                                   A Fear and animal based lullaby from Russia
 Baby Bay rock bye
On the edge you must not lie
Or the little grey wolf will come
And will nip you on the tum
Tug you off in the wood
Underneath the willow root
                                                   Garswani lullaby 
                  The animal is very important aspect of lullaby all over the globe and following Garswani lullaby is the proof:
Summertime, and the living is easy
Fish are jumping and cotton are high ……
                                           African Lullaby  
                      The  learned African Folk Literature scholar F.E.M.K Senkoro  states that many Easter African lullabies serve two purposes. The first is to make a child sleep or stopping a child cry. The second propose of lullabies in African regions is expression of the society for adults too. The purpose for adult is not amusement but to tell something related to society as
Do not cry, for when you cry you make me cry
As you remind me of the bitterness and loneliness
Caused by my father and mother
Who have married me off an old man
A docile, inactive and useless man
All it knows about is gluttony
And when it goes to bed
All it does a is snore like a crow…
  Senkoro provides more than nine examples of eastern African lullabies wherein there is women protesting against wrong doings on them from the society.                           
                                   Lullabies of Australia, New Zealand or Pacific regions                 
                                Tessa Dudar collected and edited a large volume of lullabies of pacific region.
 The following lullaby was originally from England but in New Zealanders added and altered the original lullaby:
                                           Hot Cross buns! Hot cross buns
                                                     One a penny, two a penny
                                                          Hot Cross buns! Hot cross buns
                         The altered version of New Zealand lullaby is as
Hot Cross buns! Hot cross buns
One a penny, two a penny
Hot Cross buns! Hot cross buns
If you have no daughters
Give them to your sons
One a penny, two a penny
Hot Cross buns! Hot cross buns
               The study shows that there are universal points in lullabies of each regions and at the same time there are unique features in each regional lullaby too.
Copyright for commentary @Bhishma Kukreti   bckukreti@gmail.com



 

 






 
 








 
 
 
 


 
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #413 on: August 13, 2011, 10:36:39 PM »
        Description of Moon in Garhwali Lullabies and Lullabies of other Countries                                                            
                                                         Bhishma Kukreti
           (Abstract: In this write up, the author provides example of moon description in Garhwali lullabies, English lullaby and lullabies of many countries. The write explains the place of moon in lullabies.).
       
             Moon attracts the human being. The child is always curious about moon. Therefore, in most of the lullabies of all language, there is description of moon. The description of moon differs from country to country and region to region. For example, in India Indians call moon as Chandamama or maternal uncle but  Garhwalis (Indians) call moon as ‘June Mata or mother moon.
       

     
                                इन्दा बिंदा        
                  (एक गढ़वाली लोरी , हिमालयी लोरी, उत्तरभारतीय लोरी )

                 इन्दा बिंदा रावण झोली , घीय कमोळी
                 एक कपाळ पर , घ्यू दुधक पटक बिंदा
                         (inda binda raavn jholi, gheeyk kamoli
                         (ek kapal pr, ghyu doodhk patak binda)
(Source: Dr Nand Kishor , Dr Manoram Dhoundiya, Garhwali Balgeet)

           Translation in English :
Inda Binda Ravan jholi, Gheeyk Kamoli
There is  a round mark of milk  on his (sky) forehead
 The song is Bajuband type of poetry, wherein first stanza is meant to create rhyme and there is no connection with the subject or second stanza of poem. The lullaby is having simile of Binda (a round mark on forehead) with the moon.
 Usually, the child caregiver sings this lullaby when there is full moon, The caregiver  shows the moon to child while singing. The child would be on the shoulder of roaming caregiver.



                      Moon in English Lullaby                      
                     The Moon lullaby
                      (Author:  Unknown)
                   I see the moon
                  The moon sees me
                   God bless the moon
                    And God bless me ……..
 The poem is addressed by child and definitely is sung by child caregivers.

                        Moon in Northeastern China Lullaby                           
                           The moon is bright
                              The wind is quiet
                               The tree laves hang over the window……
In this poem the narrator not only describes the full moon night scene but also instruct the child to sleep” My little baby, go to sleep quickly”.
    In this Chinese lullaby the singer also predict that the baby will see dream “Sleep, dreaming sweet       dreams”
                                        Moon in Korean Lullaby  
                     The description of moon in the following Korean lullaby is the proof of exclusive character of Korean lullaby than other language’s lullaby. The lullaby also indicates the hard work needed in old Korea. The children song also shows the strong will power of Korean people.
                           (Common boys, come on out)
                            Let’s go get the moon
                           Bring a bamboo stick and a gunnysack
                          To the hills out back ………….
                            (Common boys, come on out)
                           Let us pluck the moon
                            And hang it up there
                          In Soonhee’s mummy’s room                     
                         
                                              Moon in Thai Lullaby        
                       The is very interesting description of moon in Thai language lullaby
                      Oe hoe oe hoe oe hoe
                     Ee Koeng eoy , kho khao  kho kaeng
                 Oh Moon , may i have some rice and soup
              May have elephants, horses, ducks…….
               Oh  dear Moon, I keep begging you
(Translated)
   The lullaby shows the need specific of the region and describes the culture of strong emotional relation between family members
                                   Moon in Greek Lullaby        
               The following song has been there for centuries. In this Greek lullaby, the moon is not a playful material but a source of light.
                       My little shinning moon
             Light my way so I can walk …
              Reading and writing
             God’s wishes
(Translation: Julia Durdunas)
    The Greece lullaby, depicts a very interesting heritage of the community that there may be political and economical  ups and downs in the country  but the society  still take education as source of being great countrymen. This Greece lullaby is mirror of mental position of Greek society. For Greek people, education is first stage of being culturally superior.
                              Moon in Latin American Lullaby      
                  Racine wis born poet  Kevin Henkes  (1960) wrote many lullabies related to moon . in one poem the cat mistakes the moon as for a bowl of milk.
 Herein the above Garhwali lullaby, the moon has resemblance with full mark of milk (as bowl of mil) and round mark on the forehead
                            Moon in Turkish Lullaby                
                 In this Turkish Lullaby , the description comes in middle of the poem
                           Dan-dini -dastana-dan dini ..
                         A moon is born from mother’s womb
            God has not withheld anything from him
 In this Turkish lullaby, there is simile between a boy and moon

                                Moon in Lullabies of Corsican language        

                                  Under the bridge
                                    The moon shines
                                  No star in the sky ….


                              Moon in German Lullaby
                                           Loa-Le-Lo (a German Lullaby)
                         Loa-Le-Lo
                       Only the man in the moon watches
                        If the little babies are sleeping
                     Thus, sleep you too ………
The lullaby is symbolic one and there is hidden message of competition that you also sleep because other babies have already slept.
                           Lullaby, Lullaby, my lovely one…
                          Sleep in moonlight’s silvery dreams…
                         The moon roams across the sky
                         Lullaby, Lullaby, my lovely one…
                     
                                      Moon in Welsh folk Lullaby    
 Harold Boulton wrote a folk lullaby as
                               Sleep my child and peace attend thee
                               All through night………..
                             While the moon her watch is keeping
                            All through night ………..
 In this lullaby, the description of moon is different than other country’s lullabies
                                        Moon in Dutch Lullaby                                
                             
                             A sorrowful sad little girl sat down
                                A field mouse found a nutshell….
                               Daantje had to go to school
                             Look, the moon peeps and spies.
(Translation by R van Leeuwen).
                         The above lullabies of various countries explain that moon had been very important subject in children literature specially lullabies in all countries and regions. The folk Lullabies also illustrate the characters of the society which creates them.
 Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  bckukreti@gmail.com
     
                   



                       
                         
                             

                 
                           
                 
                           
                   

     
         
   
 
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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #414 on: August 14, 2011, 04:12:03 AM »
Questions –Answers in ‘Ghughoti Basoti ‘ a Garhwali ( Uttarakhandi, Indian) Lullaby and Questions Answers in Children songs of Other languages
                           Bhishma Kukreti


  In all lullabies of all languages, there is a commonness that there would be questions and answers in a few lullabies of each language. The reason is that lullabies also act as medium of teaching the children about the world.
                                Garhwali lullaby of questions and answers
          In the following Garhwali folk lullaby Ghughoti Basoti , there are many questions and answers . The lullaby is in fact a humorous one as the answers are not straight.
  The following lullaby is sung when the caretaker is trying child to sleep putting him on the knees and this  and carrying this-  knee ups and downs

                                                     घुघोति बसोती
                (गढ़वाली लोक लोरी , हिमालयी लोक लोरी , उत्तराखंडी लोक लोरी, उत्तरभारतीय लोक लोरी, भारतीय लोक लोरी )
                         घुघोति बसोती , क्य खांदी ,
                           दूद भति ,
                            कैन द्याई , जिठी  ब्वेन
                            जिठी ब्वे कख च , लारा धूणक
                            लारा कख छन , आगिन जगी गेन
                            आग कख च , पाणिन बुझी गै
                             पाणी कख च , ढांगन पियाल
                           ढांगू कख च, लमड़ी ग्याया
                            त्यारु चुफ्फा मयारू पौ
                            सारें ख्यात मा , लडै कना औ
सन्दर्भ : डा. नन्द किशोर  ढौणडियाल एवम डा. मनोरमा ढौणडियाल
Translation:
                                       Ghughoti Basoti …. What do you eat?
                                           Milk-rice
                                      Who offered, elder mother (mother’s elder sister0
                                          Where’s elder mother, went to wash cloths
                                          Where’re cloths , burnt in the fire
                                             Where’s fire, put off by water
                                             Where’s water, old ox drank
                                                Tyaru chuppa myaru pau
                                                 Come on to fight on the farm field.
 The poem is to teach the children for knowing various goods and animal,
                              Indonesian Lullaby of question and answer
                      Where do you Want to go?
                      Let us go, where do you want to go
                      Let us go to Indonesia
                      Lets go , surfing at the beach
                       Swimming with friends
 The lullaby is definitely is modern lullaby as it describes about tourism
      Another lullaby of Indonesia is very famous lullaby as
                           Where is Thumbkin ?
                         Where are you? Where are you?
                         Right here! Right here !
                               How are you?
                                   Just fine
                            Hide away , hide away
      There should not be any surprise that there is small folk lullaby or children song  in Garhwali used for hide and seek game ssung by children in the same pattern as found in Indonesia.
                                Tu chhai kakh?
                                 Mi chhaun yakh
                                Kakh chhai tu ?
                                Dhar por ..
                          (where are you? I am here only. Where are you? I am beyond the hill)

                                      An African Lullaby where question is hidden
              
 It is not necessary that there is a line of question in question nswer based lullaby. Many times for making lullaby lyrical, the questions are always hidden as in the following African lullaby :
                                 Weig nau my Baba (Rock a Bye Baby –an African Lullaby)
                            Rock a –bye, baby , on the tree top
                            When the wind blows the cradle will rock
                            When the bough breaks the cradle will fall…..
(Translation by Marietiejie Horselman)
                           Question –Answer in an Egyptian Children song
                     Many times, the child caregiver sings the song for use of lullaby though , meant for older children. The following Egyptian children song has question-answer pattern :
                             When will dad come?
                             He will come at 6
                             Will he come on foot or ride?
                             He will come riding a bike  ……
(Translated)
      The poem is modern and the objective of song is for teaching the children.
                  Question –answer in Bulgarian children poem
                                  Hey ho , …
                              Is there a wedding?
                               Look-
                             The sun is shining…
                           The beer is getting married
(Translated by Tsvetomira Nikolova)
                          Question –Answer in French Children Song          
                There is a children song in French where the question-answer is very clear that the sog is meant for grown children;
                                                Leader
         Friends what will we play ? Oh oh oh oh …
                    Leader
          We will play the piano ….
(Translation by Monique Palomares)

                    Question answer in Czech  Children Song
                      Little here, …
                      Poor little hare , what is wrong, that you wont jump along?
                   Up you go , , merrily, up you go , up you go!
(Translation: Jana Binova )
                           Questions Answers in Hungarian Children song  
     Many times, due to ‘name ‘  of child creates embarrassing situation for the child. The following Hungarian children song ‘ Koszoru, koszoru ‘  is indicating for the same:
                                 Wreath, wreath
                                Why are you so sad?
                                  I’m sad because
                               My name is wreath …
                                Knock , knock …
                                Find out who I am

                               Question answer in  Zulu and Xhosa  Language Children song                
                      In most of the community, the elders create various perceptions in the mind of thir new generation. Elders sing children song before children for Infusing a perception of the  protest against a concept, society . the following Zulu children song is of song of protest
                                  What have we done?
                           Our sin is that we are black…..
                                      Question –Answer in Wolof Children song
                             Little boy …….
                               Are you sleeping, are you sleeping
                             Morning bells are ringing ……..
                            Ding dong…..
                                    Question-Answer in Italian Lullaby
                                             Nina, nina, nina oh
                                            Lullaby, lullaby, Lullaby
                                              Who will I give this baby to
                                              If I give him to the Befana ……

                                        Question –Answer in Vietnamese Lullaby  
                                  “Oh Stork and night heron,
                                   Why did you step on my rice plants?
                                  Asks the farmer
                               “No, no we were standing on the path”……
(Translated by Lu thuy )
                                      Questions –answers in Swedish children poem                         
                               Brother Jacob, brother Jacob
                                Are you sleeping?
                                  Are you sleeping?
                                Don’t you hear the bell ?......
                                   Ding Dong ding dong
  After analyzing the above lullabies and children songs of various languages across the globe , it is clear that the question-answers are put in the poem for teaching the child. Normally, the poems in question-answer types are simple and very light. However, in protest type of subject, the poem is very serious as found in African lullaby. The poems show that there is very least demarcation to draw the line for dividing lullaby and children song as suggested by many scholars.. The question-answer type of children songs are simple in nature
  Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com
                               
                           
 

                         

                           


 
                             
 
                               
                                 


                         
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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #415 on: August 15, 2011, 09:50:58 AM »
                    Garhwali, Swish Folk Songs and American Pop Song criticizing Rural Life                                                        
                                                          Bhishma Kukreti
                   Day before, this author got opportunity to meet eminent surgeons Dr. Vimal Nautiyal and Dr Nawani  of Dehradun and Dr Jagdish Chandra Burakoti Of Pithoragarh. in Mumbai.
     It is a way life of migrated Uttarakhandi that when migrated Uttarakhandi (from hills) meet they definitely talk about the diminishing position of villages, agricultural land changing into forest land, alcoholism and empty villages. We all also discussed about hills of Uttarakhand.
      There was subject of ‘Remigration Concept’ in discussion for a while too.
      After meeting with famous surgeons of their regions, I thought much about remigration of migrated Uttarakhandis to their villages. However, it is just a dream for migrated Uttarakhandis to re-migrate to their villages.
             The Psych of Hill People is Against Settling in Hill Villages
         Remigration towards hills by migrated Uttarakhandis is just not possible because the peoples psych is against settling in hill villages. The following two Garhwali (Indian) folk songs of sixties are the strong proof that people want to settle in urban areas.


                                                   मेको पाड़ नि दीण पितैजी        
 
                         मेको पाड़ नि दीण पिताजी मेको पाड़ नि दीण पिताजी
                                            उख पाड़ी लोग खराब होंदन
                       मेको पाड़ नि दीण पिताजी उख पाड़ी लोग खराब होंदन
                                          मेको पाड़ नि दीण पिताजी
                                         उख फाणु मा बाड़ी खान्दन
                       मेको पाड़ नि दीण पिताजी   उख फाणु मा बाड़ी खान्दन
                                          मेको पाड़ नि दीण पिताजी
                                           उख मा बैणि की गाळी दीन्दन
                       मेको पाड़ नि दीण पिताजी उख मा बैणि की गाळी दीन्दन
                       मेको पाड़ नि दीण पिताजी उख पाड़ी लोग खराब होंदन
                         
                    Dad!  Don’t Marry Me in Hills                              
                           Dad! Don’t marry me in hills, Dad! Don’t marry me in hills
                                       Bad are the people in hills, there
                           Dad! Don’t marry me in hills, Dad! Don’t marry me in hills
                                        Dad! Don’t marry me in hills, there
                                     Their food is Fanu and Badi in hills, there                                   
                           Dad! Don’t marry me in hills, Dad! Don’t marry me in hills
                                      Dad! Don’t marry me in hills, there
                                  Their language is filthy  in hills, there
                     Dad! Don’t marry me in hills, Dad! Don’t marry me in hills                     
                          In the above Garhwali folk song, the migrated Uttarakhandi girl is requesting her father not to marry her in hills. The reason, she says that the villagers are not gentle, they use dirty (uncivilized ) language, they take meal of Fanu-Badi an ethnic food. The word ‘Ukh’ (there) of very famous Garhwali folk song  of sixties and seventies is clear that the migrated people are far more better than the people of hill-villages.the folk songs are nothing but the mirror of people’s perception and the song shows the people’s perception in settling in plains of India than in Pahad (Hills)
                               

                                       हे ज्योरू ! हे  ज्योरू ! मीन दिल्ली जाण
                            कब आलो ह्यूंद मंगसिर मैना ,  हे ज्योरू ! हे  ज्योरू ! मीन दिल्ली जाण
                                                  मीन दिल्ली जाण
                                प्यायी सिगरेट फींकी चिल्ला प्यायी सिगरेट फींकी चिल्ला
                                                घुमणो  को जाणो मीन लाल किल्ला
                                                  घुमणो  को जाणो मीन लाल किल्ला
                                  कब आलो ह्यूंद मंगसिर मैना ,  हे ज्योरू ! हे  ज्योरू ! मीन दिल्ली जाण
                                                   मीन दिल्ली जाण
                           होटल की रुट्टी उक्खि  खाण 
                                    आलू प्याज कू  बणाई साग , घुमणो क जाण मीन करोल बाग़
                                                      घुमणो क जाण मीन करोल बाग़
                                    हे ज्योरू ! हे  ज्योरू ! मीन दिल्ली जाण, आलू गोभी की भुज्जी उखी खाण
                                                       आलू गोभी की भुज्जी उखी खाण
                                     कब आलो ह्यूंद मंगसिर मैना ,  हे ज्योरू ! हे  ज्योरू ! मीन दिल्ली जाण

                  Mother in Law! I’ll Make My Delhi Tour

            When comes Winter, Mother in Law! I’ll make my Delhi Tour,
                           Mother in Law! I’ll make my Delhi Tour
             Fill the bottles, fill the bottles, will dine daily at hotels             
             Ships at the Port, Ships at the Port, there I‘ll visit Red Fort
                           There I‘ll visit Red Fort
             When comes Winter, Mother in Law! I’ll make my Delhi Tour
             Alam Bag , Alam Bag , I shall wander in Karol Bag
                           I shall wander in Karol Bag
             When comes Winter, Mother in Law! I’ll make my Delhi Tour
             Cauliflower unavailable here, will enjoy potato-cauliflower there.
                             will enjoy potato-cauliflower there
             When comes Winter, Mother in Law! I’ll make my Delhi Tour               
                     The above Garhwali folk song is also a statement of perceiving urban regions being better than rural life. The Garhwali song clearly voice for urban life and rejecting rural life.                                       
             
            Es Buurebueblimani nid (I don’t like farmer’s boy)                      
                               (A Swiss -German language Children Song)
                                      I don’t like a farmer’s boy
                                   That shows when you look at me –yuhe
                                               I don’t like a farmer’s boy
                                 That shows when you look at me –yuhe
                             It has to be one, quite handsome and nice
                                            Mustn’t have faults-yuhe
                                 It has to be one, quite handsome and nice
                                  Fidri Fidra fidirallala, fidirallala, fidirallala
                                It has to be one, quite handsome and nice
                                            Mustn’t have faults-yuhe
                                  And gentleman’s sons without faults
                                                Don’t exist- yuhe
                             And gentleman’s sons without faults
                                                Don’t exist- yuhe
                   The above song is famous traditional children song of Switzerland of German speaking people in the country. The Swish folk song also insulting the farmer’s son as done in Garhwali folk song ‘Meko paad ni Deen ..’
 
                     The song ‘Not Bad For A Good Ole Boy’ praises City Life against Village Life
     There is a song ‘Not Bad For a Good Ole Boy’ in a music Album ‘Dusky Drake’ . Dusty Drake wrote lyric. The lyric praises urban life in comparison to rural life.
 The lines are as
He was never voted ‘most likely to succeed ‘
……
And now he is a foreman and he’s home each night by five
Not bad for a farmer’s son
Pretty good for where he comes from
   The above Pop song is an American pop song. The song praises the urban life against rural life. The whole song indirectly provides message that the urban life has various advantages than rural life.
               The above four songs of different countries (Garhwal, India, Switzerland and America)  and different culture are confirmation that today, the people prefer the urban settlement than being in rural areas.
   Copyright@Bhishma Kukreti , bckukreti@gmail.com




     
                       
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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #416 on: August 15, 2011, 11:48:30 AM »
      Logic Teaching in Garhwali Folk Children Songs and other Country’s Children Traditional Songs                                                      
                                                             Bhishma Kukreti
                           The conclusion of various researches and findings of psychologists /scientists/sociologists/educationists  as A Bandura,  R.H Walters, H C Lindgren, B.B. Whiting, J.Apfelstadt, T. Armstrong, B. Bertaux, J.P Gilbert, Zentner, K.H Philips , Steve Denning and many more state that the folk songs or other songs sung before children by their caregivers achieve many purposes. The child learns the uses of language and logic together by listening children folk songs or other songs. Lullabies or children songs create memories and association in the child’s mind.  The songs are very much useful in developing logical thinking and reasoning in child’s mind.
               Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal placed ‘ Kumbha Rani Kumbha Rani’ a Garhwali (Indian) Children folk Song  under the category of ‘Logic, Reasoning  and language teaching song’ .  The following Garhwali Children folk ‘kumbha Rani’  , Canadian Traditional Children Songs, Child poem from Burkina Faso  come under the  category ‘ Children Traditional Song of Teaching Logic, Reasoning and Language’

                                                        कुम्भा राणी              
                    (गढ़वाली लोक बल गीत, उत्तराखंडी लोक बालगीत , भारतीय लोक बालगीत )
                                                                 कुम्भा राणी , कुम्भा राणी
                                     कुम्भा राणी न मूसो  मार , कुम्भा राणी न  मूसो मार
                                                मूसो मिन कौवा द्याई
                                                 कौवोंन मीतैं , पंख द्याया
                                                 पंख मिन ल्वार  द्याया
                                                  ल्वारन मीतैं दाथी द्याया
                                                 दाथी  मिन घस्यरी द्याया
                                                 घस्यारीन मीतैं घास द्याया
                                                   घास मीन गौड़ी द्याया
                                                  गौड़ीन मीतैं दूध द्याया
                                                  दूद मीन गंगा द्याया
                                                   गंगान  मीतैं सैर द्याया
                                                    सैर मीन राजा द्याया
                                                    राजान मीतैं घोड़ी द्याया
                                                     मिगौं पिपळी , अर मेरी घोड़ी
                                                         चफळम चिपळी
                                        Kumbha Rani Kumbha rani            
                         (A Garhwali   children Folk song )
                               Kumbha raani , kumbha raani
                               Kumbha rani killed a mouse
                                I gave mouse to crow
                                Crow gave me wings
                                I gave wing to ironsmith
                                Ironsmith gave me siècle
                              I gave siècle to she grass cutter
                               Grass cutter gave me grass
                              I gave grass to cow
                              Cow gave me milk
                               I offered milk to Ganga
                             Ganga gave me touring pleasure
                             I gave touring pleasure to king
                                King gave me a mare
                               I went to Piplee ,
                         My mere is very smooth     
           
                                    Canadian Children Song  
             This Canada’s children traditional song matches with Garhwali Children folk Song ‘Kumbah rani’
                                 The farmer in the Dell
                              The farmer in the dwell …
                              The famer takes a wife
                              The farmer takes a wife
                             Hi-ho the Derry o
                               The wife takes a child …..
                              The child takes a nurse……
                             The nurse takes a cow  ….
                            The cow takes a dog…..
                            The dog takes a cat …
                                The cat takes a rat….
                                  The rat takes the  cheese
                          The cheese stands alone ….

                             A Logic Teaching Afro-American traditional children Rhyme      
                 Human beings have been aware to teach their children logical thinking and understanding language’s use. The following Afro-American traditional children song is an example
                                  Rose’s red, violet’s blue
                                  Sugar is sweet but not like you …..
                                As sure as the grass grows around the stump…
                                 When the sun doesn’t shine, the day is cold…..
                       Teaching Logic through Dioula Child poem from Burkina Faso
                            There are many ways of teaching logic to children in children poetry in all country. The following child poetry of Dioula language of Burkina Faso is an example that with few words the caregivers may teach logic to children, In ‘Diarra Loro Lora’ poem, it is clear that if there is lion it is not possible that other animals would be there nearby lion.
                                                              ‘Diarra Loro Lora’                                              
                                                          The lions market is there
                                              But nobody will be there, for the lions are there …
                                              The hyena market is there
                                           But nobody will be there, for the lions are there …
                       The poem is capable telling to child that lion is supreme animal.
Reference: Garhwali Folk children Song by Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal, dr Manorama Dhoundiyal, Garhwali lok Balgeet
copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com
 
                                             
           

               
                                 


                                 
                               
               
                         
                 
                             
                             
                         
                               
 
                     
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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #417 on: August 15, 2011, 09:49:01 PM »

 A Critical Study of Garhwali Lullaby ‘A  Ninda Ja Sins ‘ and Lullaby of other Languages in terms of Asking Sleep
                                                                Bhishma Kukreti
                         Every parent or child caregiver sing lullaby for asking infant to sleep. Apart from Psychologists, the caregivers from old ages were aware that the infants prefer the infant directed song than adulated directed song or pitch. .Psychologists Conrad, Walsh, Tsang found that the infant directed song serves the purpose of communicating affective information of preverbal infants to aid in adjusting arousal level too. Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal and Dr Manorama Dhoundiyal also state the same statement in their book Garhwali Lok Balgeet (definitely from social point of view)
        The author analyzed a few lullabies of various countries wherein the words are asking infants to sleep.  The lullabies asking sleep are as follows in different languages:
              A Ninda Ja sinda : A  Garhwali Lullaby asking Sleep
                                  आ निंदा जा सिन्दा         
             (एक गढवाली लोक लोरी, उत्तराखंडी लोक लोरी, हिमालयी लोक लोरी  ,  )           
                                     ओ ओ आ  आ निंदा जा सिन्दा
                           आ  निंदा जा सिन्दा
                             म्यार घुत्डू से जा , म्यार घुत्डू से जा
                                 आ  निंदा जा सिन्दा
                            sleep come on , awakening go out
                           sleep come on , awakening go out
                            sleep my darling , sleep, sleep
                              sleep come on , awakening go out                           
                 
                            Russian lullaby Asking Sleep
                                              Ealo (Sleep)
                                     Sleep-sleep-sleep
                                  Don’t lie to close to the bed side
                               Otherwise a grey wolf come and bite you
                                    Sleep-sleep-sleep
                                  Ealo-Ealo-Ealo (Sleep-Sleep-sleep)
                               Sleep-sleep –sleep
                                    We’ll buy woolen boot for our little son….
                                   …   And he will wear new woolen boot
                                        Moroccan lullaby asking sleep
                                  Sleep my baby
                               Until meal’s ready …..
                             ‘’’’The sweets are on the tree     
                      Fa la ninna , fa la nanna (go to sleep):  an Italian Lullaby asking sleep
                        Go to sleep , go to sleepy
                       In the arms of your mother …..
Translation by Gilbert DeBenedetti
                               Schlaf Kindlein , Schlaf : A German Lullaby asking sleep
                                           Sleep, little child sleep
                                     Father guards the sheep …..
                                    The blacks one comes and bites him
                                         Sleep, little child sleep

                                Go to Sleep my Baby: A Scottish Lullaby asking sleep
                             Go to Sleep my Baby
                            Close your pretty eyes ……
                           Time for little pickaninnies to go sleep
                        Nina Bobo: An Indonesian Lullaby asking sleep            
                                            Lullaby
                                            Oh lullaby
                                   If you are not sleeping
                                     The mosquito will bite you …..
                                            Sleep, oh sleep …..
(Translated )
                                          A la Rorro Nino : A Guatemalan  Lullaby  asking sleep            
                                  Rock my child Rock
                                     Sleep my child, sleep my love
                                     Sleep my child, sleep my love
                                Rock my child rock
                          A a kotki dwa (two little ah , kittens _ A Polish Lullaby asking Sleep           
                               …    Oh sleep my darling
                                  If you’d like a star from the sky ….
                           
             The above lullabies show that the lullabies are  small in terms of length if the purpose is to ask newly born or 6-7 months old baby. The length of lullaby increases with the age of child. 
                      The lullaby aimed at children of below six months are not only small poem but words are also limited to Sleep’ as found in Garhwali lullaby and other lullabies.
  For example in Garhwali lullaby main words are ‘come on sleep and go out sleep’. Sleep word is used many times in lyrical or musical tone.
                    A.M Rock, L.J Trainor and T.L Addison ( Development of Psychology, Vol 35(2), may 1999) found that infants focuses their attention more towards themselves during lullaby-style trials and more towards external world during  play-song-style.
          The conclusion of study is that including Garhwali (Indian) lullaby ‘a Ninda’ , the lullabies directed smaller child (in age) are very primitive, are with least words (In all lullabies aiming at younger infants are very simple wordings ), more stress on sleep or sleep word is repeated the most. The lullabies for younger infants are definitely more airy, smooth and soothing.
 Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com

                                   
                             
 
 
                           
                               
 
                               




                             
                               
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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #418 on: August 16, 2011, 11:58:56 AM »
              Comparison of a Garhwali (Indian) and Other Country’s Children Songs Regarding of Festivals 
                                               Bhishma Kukreti
                   The festivals are important social aspects of civilization. There are children songs related to festivals in most of the societies.
               The present write up is in search of similarities and dissimilarities among festival oriented children songs from Garhwal (India), China, Japan and Thailand
                                              ले कागा लगुडो
        (त्यौहार सम्बन्धी -गढ़वाली लोक बालगीत, उत्तराखंडी लोक बालगीत, उत्तरभारतीय लोक बालगीत, भारतीय लोक बालगीत)

                                          ले कागा लगुड़ो
                    मी तैं दे दे भै बैणों को दगड़ो   
                              ले कागा भात
                   मीतैं दे दे भै बैणों को सात
                               ले कागा रोटी
                     मीतैं दे दे , या काया मोटी
                               ले कागा रोटी
                    मी तैं दे दे धमेली मोटी
                               ले कागा पाणी
                     मीतैं बणे दे, राजा की राणी
                               ले कागा दूद
                     मीतैं दे दे , राजौं बुद
                            ले कागा साग
                      मीतैं दे दे , तू बडो भाग
                              ले कागा खीर
                      मीतैं, बणे दे , रण बंकू बीर
                              ले कागा भुड़ी
                      मीतैं दे दे तिबारी कुड़ी
                          ले कागा प्याज
                     त्यारू च त्यौहार आज
सन्दर्भ : डा. नन्द किशोर ढौंडियाल , डा. मनोरमा ढौंडियाल की पुस्तक गढ़वाली लोक बालगीत) )
                  Crow ! Take Lagdo (a Sweet Paratha-Fried Bread)

               (Festival Oriented Children Folk Song of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalaya, India)

                           Crow! Take Lagudo              
                     Offer me, long lasting companionship of my brothers and sisters
                          Crow! Take Rice
            Offer me, long lasting companionship of my brothers and sisters
                        Crow! Take Bread
                Offer me, healthy body
                             Crow! Take water
              Offer me, long hair
                            Crow! Take water
             Offer me, seat of king’s queen
                     Crow! Take milk
           Offer me, intellect of king
                    Crow! Take Vegetable
            Offer me, Big fortune
                    Crow ! Take sweet pudding
          Make me a bravest man
                  Crow! Take Bhudi
         Provide me big bungalow andbig hall
                 Crow! take onion
        Crow!  Today is your festival
 The Children sing the song while offering different food articles to crow as mentioned in the song                         

                  Hina Matsuri: A Japanese Children Song of Doll Festival
                                Let us light the lantern on the tired stand
                                  Let us put peach blossoms on the tired stand
                                Five court musicians are playing flutes and drums
                                      Today, is happy doll festival

                Lol Krathong  (float banana leaf)Boat ) A Thai Children   Song of Festival
               Lol rathong is a lantern festival and other migrated countrymen celebrate this festival too in Thailand. The children song is a long lyrical poem.
                           On the full moon of 12th lunar month
                          ………
                       Float, float the Banana leaf boat-2..
                     …………..
                       Good merit brings us happiness

                   Chinese Children Festivals and Fair Songs
                    Child song for Chinese New Year
                      You’ll find whenever the New year comes
                    The Kitchen-God will want some plums…..
                   ……..
                 A new felt cap will please papa
                   And a sugar cake for dear mama

                                 Conclusion of Analyzing Children songs for Festivals  
            After studying, the above Garhwali children Folk Song of festivals and festival related Children songs of Japan, China and Thailand, the following conclusion comes out:
1- The festival songs for children are simple in all languages.
2- The children songs related to festival indicates a picture of culture and specific custom too  of the specific region
3- Many children songs pertaining to festivals show the food habits of the region too.
4- In many children songs relate to festivals ask from deities or representative of deities as crow in Garhwali folk children song the fortune, happiness, or good luck
5-Auspeciaty is important aspect of Festival oriented Children songs

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti bckukreti@gmail.com
                         
                 
                     
                     
                                             
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Re: Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख
« Reply #419 on: August 17, 2011, 10:31:43 PM »
Characteristics of Garhwali Children Folk Songs and Other Country’s Children songs About Learning Alphabets
                                       Bhishma Kukreti 
                 Author aims at finding the fundamental characteristics of Garhwali children folk song and children songs of various languages for teaching the alphabets.
        From language point of view, psychologists found the following characteristics ina two year old child”
1- Enjoys participation in reading
2-Comes to know that language brings desired response
3-Can use fifty to three hundred words or there is increment in vocabulary
4-Most the words, a child use is related to him or her
5- Receptive language is developed more than expressive (can understand more than can express)
6- Starts using negative words
7-Starts using plurals which are simple
8-Speech is 60-70 percent intangible
9- Can verbalize needs
             Psychologists found the following major aspects of language in child development (4 years old child):
1-Uses prepositions
2-Uses possessive consistently
3-Answers whose, where ..
4- Produces elaborated sentences
5-Speech is entirely almost intangible
6-Begins to use correctly past tense of verbs
7-Refer to activities, events, objects, people that are not present
8- Starts to change tone of voice and sentences structure for adapting the level of listeners
9-states first and last name, gender, sibling’s name and at times telephone numbers
10-, Answers apprperately in case of tired, cold, hunger etc
11-Recites simple songs, poems
                               Garhwali (Indian) Children Folk Song teaching Alphabets
                 In Garhwali language, there are tens of children folk songs aimed to teach alphabets. Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal and Dr Manorama Dhoundiyal collected few songs. However, there are other songs too.
    One of many folk song teaching Devnagari alphabet is as :
                                                 अ आ इ , इ , उ , ऊ , ए , ऐ
                                       धारा माका गैणा से गे
,                                        ओ ,औ, अं अ:
                      माद्यो जान्दन जोगी नगा
                      कखडि ,गघडि गं
                     चछ्डि   , जझडि यं
                      टठडि ड़ढडि ण
                      तथडि दधडि न
                      पफडि , बभडि म
                     यरडि लवडि शषडि
                     सहडि क्ष , त्र ज्ञं
       Song in roman script
                                      A, aa, I ,ee, u , oo , e ai,
                                   Dhara maakaa gaina se ge
                                            o ,ou, angh , ah
                                   madyo jaandan jogi nanga
                                    kakhdi , gagdi , gn
                                   chaxhhadi , jajhdi , yn
                                  tathdi , dadhadi N
                                 tathadi, dadhddi n
                                paphdi, babhdi , m
                              yardi, lavdi, shashdi
                              sahdi , ksh, tra , gyn




                  Sanskrit Shiv Sutrani for teaching Devnagari alphabets
1-. अ इ उ ण् |
2- ऋ ऌ क् |
3-. ए ओ ङ् |
4-. ऐ औ च् |
5. ह य व र ट् |
6-. ल ण् |
7-. ञ म ङ ण न म् |
8-. झ भ ञ् |
9-. घ ढ ध ष् |
10-. ज ब ग ड द श् |
11- ख फ छ ठ थ च ट त व् |
12-. क प य् |
१३- श ष स र् |
१४-. ह ल् |
  Three thousand years back Panini or his predate created the varnmala sutra  (formula for alphabet)  from these 14 verses , 281 pratayaharas could be created

                                           L’Alphabet : A French Children Rhyme
                                                           A B C D E F G
                                                     H I J K L M N O P
                                                     Q R S T U V
                                                    W X Y et Z
                                               Mantenant  je sais mon alphabet
                                           Chante avec moi la prochaine fols
                                               

              Alphabet des Scoute:  A Famous French Alphabets Learning Children Poem
                                           Un Jour la troupe campa AAA
                                           La Plule se mit a tomber BBB
                                           ………….
                                           Plus basion qu’on les aide UVXZ
                     French Pangram or Holo-alphabet sentence
 The guardians sing the following pangram sentence in lyric form that the children remember the sentence which has 26 alphabets
‘Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume’

                               Dutch Language Children Song for Learning Alphabet          
                                                    A B C D E F G
                                                     H I J K L M N O P
                                                     Q R S T U V w
                                                    X Y and Z wie  doet er mee?
                                                  Dit zijin de letters van het alphabet
                                                   Wie zingt er mee van a tot z

                       English language Children Song for alphabet learning        
                                                       A B C D E F G
                                                     H I J K L M N O P
                                                     Q R S T U V
                                                    W X Y and Z
                                                 Now I know My ABC
                                             Next Time wont you sing with me !
             
                                    English Pangram or Holoalphabet Sentence
                           The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
                     The caregiver or guardians sing the sentence in lyric style that children are attracted sentence

                           German Pangram or Holoalphabet Sentence for Children                
                    The child guardian sings the following german  pangram in poetic form to attract children attention
‘ict or jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den Sylter Deich’
 There is every umlaut in the above sentence

                           Spanish Alphabet Learning Verse
                                      A bee, ce, de, , e, efe, ge
                                      Hache,I, jota, ka, ele, eme,ene
                                   O,pe,cu,ere
                                   Ese,te,u,ve
                                 I griega zeta
                              (Y tenemos cuatro mas)
                               Che and elle
                            En double ere
               
                     

                               Spanish Pangram or Holoalphabet
                 The following Spanish pangram has all 27 letters and diacritics
     ‘El veloz murciélago hindú comía feliz cardillo y kiwi. La cigüeña tocaba el saxofón detrás del palenque de paja.’
            The guardian sings the sentence in rhyme form for attracting attention
                           Thousand Character Classic: A Chinese Folk Poem for Teaching Calligraphy      
                       It is said that Emperor Wu (sixth century) commissioned ascholar  Zua Hing Zi to compose apoem for his  prince to practice  Calligraphy. The poem has 250 phrases of 4 characters each from ‘j yutping’. The classic also teaches numbers from 1 to 1000.
                               Javanese Alphabet Pangram Song   
                      Hana caraka
                    Data sawala
                   Padha  jayanya
                 Maga bathanga
                      Japanese Iroha
       The poem Iroha was created around 8th to eleven century. The poem is perfetc pangram as it has each character of Japanese syllable at least once.
  The l transliteration is as
                                              I ro ni ho he to
                                            Chi ri nu ru wo
                                            Wa ka yo ta re so
                                            Tsu ne na ra mu
                                             U wi no o ku ya ma
                                             Ke fu ko  e te
                                            A sa ki yu me mi shi
                                             We hi mo se su

                   Characteristics of Children songs aimed to teach alphabets          
                        After  Studying the above rhymes of various languages aiming to teach alphabets (formally or informally) the following conclusion is out
    1- Whether there are folk/traditional songs or is three thousand song, the creator have taken care to know the language grabbing power of child
2- The poems are simple
3- The words are not heavy or complex
4- There also words which do not have meaning but are essential for creating lyrical effects
5- Singing is more important than the words that child starts attachment towards alphabets
6- Whether modern or old songs, the creators have real experience of child learning capability.
7- Less plurals are used in most of the poems
           Over all , all the poems are perfect in tackling the grabbing power or language acquisition  power of child for language.
 Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com



                     

                 
                           
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