Literature on Garhwali Language’s Children Folk Songs and World Literature on Children Folk Songs
Bhishma Kukreti
(Abstract: in this write up, the author attempts to explore the literature on children folk songs of Garhwali language and books in English language available n the subject of children folksongs or children folk poetries of each country or regions as children folk songs of African countries, Children folk poetry of Asian countries, Children folk songs of south and Central American countries, USA and Canada; European folk songs for children and children folk songs of Pacific countries. )
There are tens of children folk songs available in Garhwal (India) but the scholars could collect less children folk songs than they are in actually available in numbers.
Gairola and Okley (1890) initiated to collect Garhwali (Indian) folk literature . Ganga Datt Upreti (1995) published book on Folk proverbs of Kumaun and Garhwal.
From Garhwali folk literature point of view, Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dr Govind Chatak, Dr Hari Datt Bhatt Shailesh, Dr Mohan Babulkar, Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Chakra Dhar Bahuguna, Veena Pani Joshi, Bhishma Kukreti, Dr Vishnu Datt Kukreti, Dr D R Purohit, Nand Kishor Hatwal , Puskar singh Kandari are the pioneers in publishing different genre of Garhwali folk literature. As far as Garhwali language’s children folk songs is concerned, the genre was ignored by scholars for long.
Credit goes to Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal and dr Manorama Dhoundiyal took initiative for collecting and publishing children folk songs of Garhwali language.
Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal and Dr Manorama Dhoundiyal published book on Garhwali language children folk songs in the name of Garhwali Balgeet in 2009.
There are following children folk songs in Garhwali Balgeet
1- Lullabies
2-Indistinct wording children folk songs
3-Distictive wording children folk songs
4-The song based on alphabetical chronology based children folk songs
5-Children songs related to numbers and mathematics
6-Children folk songs of farming, horticulture, floriculture and shepherded
7- Joking and amusing children folk songs sung by children
8- Children folk songs related to children games
9- Children folk songs related to domestic animals, wild animals and birds including forests
10- The children folk songs of other languages
Dr N k Dhoundiyal and Dr Manorama Dhoundiyal took labour in explaining the situation and agae of children when these songs are either sung by child caregivers or children themselves.
Scholars appreciated Dr Nand Kishor and Manorama for their initiatives to bring out the hidden heritage of Garhwal.
World Literature on Children folk Songs
Folk songs and other songs for children by Jane B R-Whitehead (1903) is important book for the scholars intention to preserve the heritage
Literature on African Children’s Folk Songs
Men and Popular music in Algeria (1999) by Marc Schade-Poulsen refers many children folksongs of Algeria
Riddles, Folktales and proverbs from Cameroon (2010) by Comfort Ashu provides glimpse of children folk songs of Cameroon in the book.
The book- Folk songs and folk life in Charlotteville (1972) provides information about children a couple of folk songs of Congo region.
Books as ‘ Kids in ancient Egypt’ (by Wroble, 2004), Folksongs of many people (by Botsford, 1921), Popular Literature of Ancient Egypt( by Wiedermann, 1902), and many books throw light on Egyptian children folk songs
The book African folksongs, children songs from Ghana (by Lodzekpo and Tieko, 1990) briefs about the children folksongs of Ghana.
Folk Music of Ghana (by Niketia, 1963) provides knowledge of children folksongs of Ghana.
African Music: traditional and contemporary (by Agordoh, 2005) inform about children folksongs of Africa.
The book – Folk Music of Kenya (by Senoga-Zek, 1986) provides details of children folksongs of Kenya.
The book- Myths and Legends of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland (by Knappert , 1985) gives details of children folksongs of the region.
There is mention of Liberia children folk songs in the book Liberia (by Levy and Spiling, 2008).
Marry Emma Wippel published a book ‘ A Study of Thirty Moroccan Arabic Children’s Folk Songs , in 1967
Julius Adekunie (2007) wrote about children’s folk songs of Rwanda in his book ‘Culture and Custom of Rwanda’
C A Mullar (2004) wrote about South African children’s songs in his book South African Music
Children’s Folksongs of Australia and Pacific Ocean
National Library of Australia published book on children Rhymes in 2004
Elizabeth Tucker (2008) published book ‘Children’s folklore a handbook and wrote about about new Zealand children’s folk songs too.
Children’s folksongs of South and Central America
Link and McCarthy (2004) provide the details of children’s folksongs in their book, ‘Argentina: a primary source of culture guide’
C.L Edwards (1895) introduced children’s folksong of Bahamas to the world in his book ‘Bahamas Songs and Stories’.
Nicolas Slonimsky discussed about Brazilian children’s folksongs and games in the book ‘Music of Latin America’
McGown and Pessanha (1998) provide knowledge about children’s folksongs of Brazil in the book ‘The Brazilian Sound: samba, bosaa…’.
Castillo-Feliu (2000) provide the glimpses of children’s folk songs of Chile in the book ‘ Culture and Custom of Chile’.
West (2008) briefed about children’s folksongs of Costa Rica in book ‘Costa Rica’, A Guide to the latin Art Song ..’(Hoover et al0 also mentioned about children’s folksongs of Costa Rica.
Orovio ( 2004) briefed about children’s folksongs of Cuba in the book Cuban Music Ato Z.
Nickles (2002) provide knowledge of folksongs of El Salvador in his book ‘El Salvador: people and culture’.
The books ‘Folk Songs of Jamaica’ (by, Tom Murry,1952) and ‘Jamaica’ (by S.S Angela Black,2004) provide reasonable knowledge of Jamaican Children’s folksongs.
Faulkner (2005) provides references of children’s folk songs of Peru in the book ‘ What we hear in Music’.
Press (1996) provides the essences of children’s folk songs of Puerto Rico in the book ‘Puerto Rican Americans’.
The books as ‘Suriname Folk-lore’ (1936), Language Transplanted the development of overseas Hindi ‘ give details of children folk songs of Suriname
Song games from Trinidad and Tobago by Elder (1965) and Music of Hindu Trinidad songs from the India diasporas (vol-1 by Myers, 1998) books give knowledge of children’s folk songs of Trinidad and Tobago.
‘De Colores and Other Latin American folk songs for children (by Orozco, 1994) provide data of children’s folk songs of Uruguay too,
The book ‘Music of the Warao Venezuela : song people of rain forest’ (1996), throw light of Venezuelan children folk music
The books as east Indian Music in West Indies’ (2000), refers the children’s folk song in West Indies .
Children’s Folk Songs of North America
‘Music in Latin America and the Caribbean in performing the Caribbean ‘ (by Kuss, 20070 provide knowledge about children’s folk music of Bermuda.
Canadian Folk Music journal provides the knowledge of Canadian folk music regularly.
The book ‘ The Early Years of folk Music: fifty founders of Tradition’ (Dicaire, 2010) provide many examples of children’s folk music of Canada.
Encyclopedia of literature in Canada (2002) also provide details of works on Canadian children’s folksongs
De Colores and other Latin American Folksongs for children (1999) by Elisa Kleven and Jose-Luis Orozco provides rhymes, chants, songs from variety of Latin American countries.
American Folksongs for children (2002) by Ruth Crawford contains 90 popular children folk songs of America
Intergenerational Children’s folk song (2001) by Nikki Wright explores ‘how children folk songs are passed from parents to children’. The writer also provides structure of song and then informs the reasons of children singing them. It is a classical book.
Children folk songs: playground songs by Deanne Willardson (2005) deals with songs passed on children to children in playground. The book also compares differences between male and female children folk songs.
Howard Wallach published very fine book on children music ‘Easy Folk songs for Kids’. The writer collected popular folk songs for kids. The important aspect of book is that there are music reading for each folk song.
Howard states that apart from ability of entertainment value, the folk songs connect children with other, past to present
Books as ‘ Folk songs USA (by Charles Seeger and Ruth Seeger,1947) throws light on children’s folk songs of USA
The book ‘Mexico and United States (by Stacy, 2002)’ throws light on Mexican children’s folk songs too.
Children’s Folk Songs of Europe
The world and its people: Spain , Portugal and Andorra (1969) provides glimpses on children’s folk songs of Andorra, Spain and Portugal.
‘ The book ‘What we hear in Music..’ by Faulkner also deals with children’s folk songs in Austria,
‘Bulgarian Music’ by Krustev ( 1978) provides knowledge about children’s folksongs of Bulgaria.
J. Andreis provides knowledge of children’s folksongs of Croatia in his book ‘Music in Croatia (1974’.
Ebben 33 Czech Folksongs for pupil and teacher; score only’ by Peter Bachelor ( 2008) is fine book for knowing about children’s folksongs of Czech.
Jan Ling’s book History of European folk Music (1997), provides glimpses of Denmark’s fol songs for children
There are many books available on folksongs for children in England as ‘ Folk Songs of middle Tennessee (1997), ‘Identity of England’ (2004), ‘Children’s books in children hand (1998), ‘One Hundred English folk songs for mid voice’ (1975) , ‘Folksongs in England’ (1967) and many more.
Schhoolfield’s book ‘History of Finland’s Literature ‘ (1994) offers knowledge of children’s folksongs of Finland.
French children’s folksongs (1972) is fine book on French children’s folksongs
The book Handbuch des Friesischen pro und Kontra ( 2001) by Munsake and Arhammar offers genral views of children’s folksongs of Frisian
Books like A history of European folk music, Children’s literature in Hitlar’s Germany offer knowledge of children’s folk songs of Germany.
Books as ‘Folk Poetry of Modern Greece’ (2004) , ‘The Greek folk songs’ (1988) provide knowledge about children’s folksongs of Greece,
Ling’s History of European Folk Music provides references of Hungarian children’s folk songs.
Music from Scandinavia ‘provides representative knowledge about children’s folk songs of Iceland, Norway, Sweden,
The book ‘Folk songs of Britain and Ireland’ (by Kennedy , 1984) discusses about children folk songs of Ireland.
The book ‘The folk songs of Italy (Busk and Pitre) ’ mentions folk songs of children in Italy
There is mention of children’s folk songs of Lorraine, Romania in book ‘ The folk songs of Ashkenaz (Bohlman and Holzapfel , 2001)
A Book ‘Polish Folk Music’ (by Czekanovska, 22006) provides details of representative children’s folksong of Poland.
The book ‘Culture and Customs of Portugal’ ( by Cunha and Cunha, 2009) provides glimpse of children’s folk songs of Portugal.
Leneva’s book ‘Russian folk songs as sung by people (1893), has record of Russian folks songs for children
Mugge’s book ‘Serbian folksongs, fairytales and proverbs’ give details about children folksongs in Serbia.
The books as ‘ Slovakia and Slovaks: a concise encyclopedia’ (by Strhan and Danial, 1994), ‘Slovak Music’ (1990) provide the details of children folksongs of Slovak.
The books as ‘Favorite Spanish Folk songs’ (Paz, 1996), ‘Spanish folk Song’ provide glimpse of children folk songs in Spain
Literature about Children folk songs of Asia
The books as ‘Armenian Sacred and Folk Music’, Armenian Folklore bibliography’, The heritage of Armenian Literature provide knowledge of Children’s Folksongs of Armenia
Books as ‘ Chinese folk songs , Chinese folksongs collection, Chinese folk songs and folk singer provide glimpses of children ‘folk songs of China.
Books as Encyclopedia of Indian Literature, Indian Music, Folk India: Comprehensive study of Indian folk music and culture (Sharma, 2004) , folk songs of India by Barua, provide knowledge of children’s folksongs in India.
International Companion Encyclopedia of Children literature provides knowledge about Indonesian folk songs for children
Book Folk Music of Fars province provides knowledge of children folk songs in Iran
The books as Understanding Jewish holidays and Custom, Israeli Folk Music : songs of early pioneers,
Berger’s book folk songs of Japanese children details about folk songs of Japan for children.
Japan and Korea an annotated bibliography of doctoral dissertation (1971) by frank Joseph Shulman deals with teaching of music in schools in ancient time and also discusses the nature of children folk songs.
Custom and culture of Korea (Clark, 2000) provides knowledge of children folk songs of Korea.
The book Games children sing … Malaysia by Kiester (2006) provides knowledge about children folk songs of Malaysia
The handbook of Philippines’s folklores provides glimpse of folk songs of Philippines for children
The book Folklores of Sri Lanka provides knowledge of children folk songs in Sri Lanka.
Books as Perception of familiar melodies and tonal speech by Taiwanese , Culture and Custom of Taiwan provide glimpse of Taiwanese children’s folk songs.
The book as Culture and custom of Thailand provides preliminary knowledge of folk songs related to children of Thailand
The book Culture and Customs of Vietnam throws light on folksongs for children of Vietnam
The web site Mamalisa .com provides children folk songs of each countries with translation in English.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti
bckukreti@gmail.com
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