MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

                               Kham Settlements in Garhwal Bhabhar

                 Characteristics of Kham Settlement in Garhwal Bhabhar -1
-
                            British Administration in Garhwal   -77     
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -95
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -932
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-

     There is a strip in Garhwal and Kumaon below foothills at south a plain region. That plain region is called Bhabhar. There are of Bhabhar is 58x3 miles. Dr Dabral states that it is 12 miles wide in some places.
     It is said that at initial stage of British rule, Bhabhar was human less or no establishment was there in Bhabhar. However, the historian found ruins near Mawakot pond and at a couple of other places. It means there were scanty human establishments in Bhabhar before British took over. Joshi reported that there were few villages in east Garhwal Bhabhar – south of Pataldun in nineteenth century. There were a few villages in west of Garhwal Bhabhar too. There were scanty establishments in Haldukhata region too.
   Garhwal district magistrate Colonel Grasin started establishing temporary human settlement in 1869. A few human settlements were established in Bhabhar before 1869. In 1860, British built a road named  Knadi road. In north of Kandi road was called Bhabhar region.
 
 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/12/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -933
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 249-278
2-Trail, Sketch of Kumaon, Asiatic Researches Vol.16 page 207
3- Walton, Garhwal Gazetteer page 150
4- Bhawani datt Joshi, Report on the Revision of Rent in Garhwal-Bhabhar page -9
Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

                         Initial Irrigation Arrangement in Garhwal Bhabhar

                 Characteristics of Kham Settlement in Garhwal Bhabhar -2
-
                            British Administration in Garhwal   -78     
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -96
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -933
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-

            Bhabhar settlement was called ‘Kham’ settlement. The lower layer of land was stony but upper layers had soil due to soil coming from hills through rivers and rivulets and humus due to putrification of tree leaves etc. There was shortage of water. Human beings dig ponds here and there but not wells. 
 Initially after encouragement from British administration, the settlers dig raw canal for irrigation. The soil was so dry that soil used to soak water from canals.
  British started building durable canal of lime from 1877-78. The canal was started from east of Khoh river and it used to fetch water for Kotdwara and nearby region.

                             Sirgoh Farmers
 
   After encouraging digging mud canals, British encouraged people for settling in Bhabhar. A farmer easily used to get permission for settling in Bhabhar by cutting trees and shrubs. Such farmer was called Sirgoh. He used to call other farmers and used to offer them land for agriculture. He used to pay wages etc to them. Sirgoh also used to hire Halya on barter system or used to offer land on getting one third of crops (tihar) from real farmer.  Those farmers were called Sakhi of Sirgoh. British administration used to rent land to Sirgoh on rent. There was no permanent settlement as was done in hills of Garhwal. Sirgoh used sublet the land.

                              Kham Settlement

 Bhabhar was called British estate. Therefore, government offered land on rent to farmers. This offering land to Sirgoh was called Kham settlement. British used to revive renting after every five years.



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 5/12/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -934
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 249-278
2-Trail, Sketch of Kumaon, Asiatic Researches Vol.16 page 207
3- Walton, Garhwal Gazetteer page 151
4- Bhawani datt Joshi, Report on the Revision of Rent in Garhwal-Bhabhar page -9
Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,     Poems

बळद   (गढ़वाली कविता )

रचना --   संजय पाल  ( जन्म  ,  गढ़मोनु , खातस्यूं , पौड़ी  गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Sanjay Pal
 
-
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 226
-
साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
-
सर्या दिन मस्तै कि
ब्यखनु कु जब घौर आन्दु छौ
त माँ का हथै गरम गरम र्वटि
अब नी छ म्यरा भाग मा
किलैकि मिन फाळ मारि द्या
ये बौंण मा
पापी पेटा बाना
   
बण्यू छौं मि बळद
रिंगामति हुईं छ
नी छ पुंगडै जुतै
नी छ क्वी दैं
फिर बि बण्यू छौं   बळद 
रकर्याट मच्युं छ
सर्या दिनमान
 रिटणू छौं चरखि सी।




(Ref-Angwal,2013)
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
-
 Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs ,  Poets   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses ,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs  ; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia   ,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries ,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal  ; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
-
 पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
-
  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

Jagdamba Prasad Chamola: Famous Poet in Youtube 
-
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-141
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti
-
 Jagdamba Chamola is a Garhwali poet famous on Youtube  media and on Yutube , Jagdamba is  visited  by large visitors.
  Jagdamba Prasad Chamola is born in 1967, in Karnadhar village of Nagpur, Rudraprayag Garhwal.
   Jagdamba published more than 100 poetries in various periodicals. Jagdamba Prasad Chamola published a Garhwali poetry collection by Gaji dot com. Critics appreciated the collection very much.
Jagdamba Prasad Chamola created poems of varied subjects as unemployment, failure of political and administrative class for real development of Uttarakhand, environment, migration etc.
Very often, Jagdamba Prasad Chamola uses dialects of Rudraprayag region. His poetry creation style is modern with effects of old style.
खास कै एत्वारा दिन
-खास कै एत्वारा दिन.........खास कै एत्वारा दिन............
सग्ति चखळ-बखऴ रौन्दि
कैकि भी न दखल रौन्दि
 ट्योरा पर भी सकल रौन्दि
 भ्योरा पर भी अकल रौन्दि
.खास कै एत्वारा दिन  खास कै एत्वारा दिन.........
अपुडु-अपुडु बक्त रौन्द
अपुडु ताज तक्त रौन्द
मनखि चाहे जक्स रौन्द
तै मू भी लक्स रौन्द
गात पर सुलार रोन्द
ब्वे कु दो दुलार रोन्द
न ड्यूटि परो काम रौन्द
न स्कूलो घाम रौन्द
फजिल बटिन श्याम रौन्द
धौ करी आराम रौन्द
खास कै एत्वारा दिन..खास कै एत्वारा दिन.........
 खांण मा रसाण रौन्दी
घौर मू ज्यठांण रौन्दि
कपडा धुवे धाण रौन्दि
धारा मू द्यूराण रौन्दि
कै दिन्वी जग्वाळ रौन्दि
फजिल बै बग्वाळ रौन्दि
लेन्दा माके साळ रौन्दि
दार्वी सीं पगाळ रौन्दि
मनख्यौं मा भी पांण रौन्दि
गाजि मा भी ठांण रौन्दि
मन चैंन्दि धांण रौन्दि
ब्येटि भी किसाण रौन्दि
खास कै एत्वारा दिन...खास कै एत्वारा दिन.........
.म्वेटि बकऴि रजे रोन्दि
निन्द अपडा सजे रोन्दि
 देर तके स्यवे रोन्दि
चा भी अपडा ढबे रोन्दि
 गौं गर्ता बर्ति रौन्दि
सग्ति सर्का बर्कि रौन्दि
घौर बोंण खर्क औन्दि
दादि मा भी फर्क रौन्दि
खास कै एत्वारा दिन....खास कै एत्वारा दिन..........
ब्वै बिचारि बणी रौन्दि
चुल्हा परे तंणी रौन्दि
दादा भितर भैर कर्द
नह्यण मा भी देर कर्द
गात त्योल मण्डे रौन्दि
घाम परे नह्वे रौन्दि
बस्ता भी पछांण रौन्द
चोक मा दसाण रौन्द
रजे रौन्दि घाम धरीं
खदरा पर हमाम धरीं
खास कै एत्वारा दिन....खास कै एत्वारा दिन.......
..
अपडि भी त हस्ति रौन्दि
 म्वोर मा भी मस्ति रौन्दि
जोर जबरदस्ति रौन्दि
स्वोळ अन्ना सस्ति रौन्दि
 द्वी झणों मा प्रेम रौन्द
पूरु टीरि डेम रौन्द
झगडा भी अजीब रौन्द
सुलझणा करीब रौन्द
खास कै एत्वारा दिन.....खास कै एत्वारा दिन.........
Xxx

यन बजर पड्यूं च


यन बजर पड्यूं च हमरा
यखा आग पांणि पर
जैयी द्यौखा स्वे च ब्वनू
ग्वर्ख्या लगा धाणि पर
निकमु भी त यखौ मनखि
अथा ह्वैगि मागि पर
बाबु मनू हमरा यखौ
अर ग्वर्ख्या लग्यूं सांगि पर
सुशील कुमार कोईराला मूं
ब्वन्न मैन नेपाऴ मा
यौ त सेरु गढवाळ चड्यूं
ग्वर्ख्या कै कपाळ मा।


-
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai; 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries; Poems Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Poems; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries, Poems folk Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia ; Poems;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Folk Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal;  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems; Asian Modern Poetries; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets; Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time;
-
-
  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,     Poems

 म्यारू  पहाड़  (गढ़वाली कविता )
-
रचना --    ( जन्म 1957  , लैंसडाउन तहसील  गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Sushil Budakoti
-
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 227
-
साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
-
कख छ पहाड़ ?
बुनै , जख सूरज पैलि पैलि
बिनसरि मा हिंवाळी डांडि -कांठ्यू म चाड़
वखि छ पहाड़।
-
क्य छ पहाड़ ?
बुनै धरति म गोरुं -हळया अर
घसेरी या सैलानि जु हिट वी रौड़ वी छ पहाड़
-

कनू छ    पहाड़ ?
बुनै घैणा बूण , खरड़ा -तपड़ा
भेळा -पाखा , कुणचटा -गंगल्वड़ा
अर खत -खत ब्वगदि गदिना गाड /इनू छ पहाड़
-
हौरि कुछ भि छ यु पहाड़ ?
दs क्यs पूछणा छां तुम क्य नी छ ये पहाड़
बर्फ़ीली चोटी , बांज बुरांश की लंगत्यार
ठंडु पाणि की /नौळा मगरौं कि धार
जिया -हियों तैं सुहान्दी कुळै कि बयार
ये पहाड़
सचे / सबि कुछ त छ
ये पहाड़।   

(Ref-Angwal,2013)
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
-
 Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs ,  Poets   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses ,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs  ; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia   ,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries ,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal  ; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
-
 पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
-
  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल
--