History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                   
                          Deity Rituals in British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -175
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -195
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1027
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
     Deity worshipping with rituals was common practice in Garhwal. Every family used to conduct a ritual called Ghadela for pleasing a family or village or universal deity. In night, the Jagari used to play Thali and used sing Jagar and his associate used to play damru. People used to listen the Jagar.
There used to pando or Kaintura nach (pando dance) in villages. There used to fix date for a particular  deity rituals in a village. Men and women used to dance on ritual song.
   People also like wine made by wild fruits, millets and barleys. Many Dyau Pujai or deity rituals used to be celebrated for many days.
          Looting of animals
  Many villagers of Ravain used to attack other villages and used to loot domestic animals.
There was custom of riddles, telling folk tales and playing folk games.

XXX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.3
3- Asiatic Researches vol 6

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                   
                          Love for Entertainment in British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -176
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -196
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1028
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
   
       In 1825, Trail stated (Sketch of Kumaon) that hill people are entertainment lovers. Hill people loved singing songs, dance and games. People enjoyed in telling tales, shocking the listeners by tales or riddles or playing self-created drama. Trail informed further as –
     Football playing is difficult due to ups and down in hills. However, Hingod (Hockey), hathgindi ( type of Rugby) were getting popularity. Bag-bakri, Ramchur were common  games. Elites used to play Chaupar and ganjufa. Brahmins used gambling.  Bharaun, Josha, Bauri and Bhagnol songs were loved by women. 

References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.3
3- Asiatic Researches Vo.l 6

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                   
                         Common People of British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -178
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -198
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1030
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
   
              Before British period, a person established a village and that person put his caste from the village names as Bahuguna from Bugani place, Dabral from Dabar place,  Bartwal from Baret etc.  Till date the caste names of Garhwalis did not change and they had family starting from original village.
     The villagers always established a couple of Harijan families as they were backbone of craft works. Castes as Bhandari (Store keeper), Negi (service), Rawat and Bisht are based on position or awards offered by the kings. Rajput people and many Brahmins used to establish a Brahmin (Purohit) in the village by offering him land.
Mundit- families used to divide but Mundit did not. Mundit means the family group that mourn commonly.
There used to be conflicts and fight if aperson used to sell land out of village. British government made rules to bring such case to the court. British also made rule that person could sell land to outsider only when there was no taker in the village. (Becket's agreement from Stowell, Manuals page 25).
     The rights on land was till harvesting and as soon as harvesting was over, villagers had right on right on such fields for grazing the animals. There was common right of all villager on forests, barren land for fodders and wood and food items.
    In Khas society, there was socialism and there were equal rights from women (Joshi, Khas family Laws). She had right to keep new husband after death of her husband. Division of land was divided as per numbers of wives. British stopped the rule and brought new rules of divding land and assets as per number of sons.
Government offered some land to padahn (Village chief) as Jithunda for his works. However, when other families used to divide eldest brother used to offer an additional small portion of land as token Jithunda.   
  Cooperation was need of the time in everyday work. People were always help each other without any wage in birth, sanskar, marriage, death and mourning and festivals. People used to help each other in agriculture acts too. People used to offer many articles free to the family where any specific acts is being there as marriage or Terhvain , Barsi etc.
       

. 

References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.3
3- Asiatic Researches Vo.l 6

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                   
                         Festivals of British Garhwal     
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -177
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -197
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1030
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
       
   Baishakhi, Rakshabandhan, Hariyala, Krishna Janmashtami, Vijayadashhara, Dipawali, Anant Chaturdashi, Ghee Sankranti, Vasant Panchami, Shivratri were major festivals. Daily, unmarried girls used to put flowers early morning on door step in Chait month.
    There used to be fair near or inside temples on festive day.
      People used to wait Kauthig, Khaul-Myala (Fair).  Traders used to bring various articles for sales and people used to buy them with eagerness. Fair was also the opportunity for meeting relatives from other places.  People used to fair with enthusiastic mood singing. Fair was memorable events for every event visitors for many days.
  There were fairs those had specific purpose. Baikunth Chaturdashi fair at Kamleshwar temple, Shrinagar was such fair. The pair desiring son used to put burning earthen lamp on their hands and used to stand before idol for whole night. This night is called Khadratri.
     There used to be Jati fair in Pandukeshwar in Magh month where Bhotiya people used to have rituals before Ghantakarn idol. The person who got deity soul into his body used to pick red hot metal rod and used to revolve around his head and then used to put at its place. Kuber 's pashwa used to jump into burning fire.
   Gend mela fair (as Rugby) in Katghar, Devikhet, Thalnadi, matiyali were very famous.
    People used to visit in fair at Ganga bank on festival days.
   There were fair in Salt Mahadev, Idiyakot; Shrinagar, Devprayag, Igasar , Vinsar, Paithani ( Kandarsyun ), Vyaschatti (Banelsyun), Danda Nagraja (Kandwalsyun), Mahadevchatti, Foolchatti, Kot Kandai (Dhaijyul), Vilkkedar, Jwalpa Devi temple, Bhairavgarhi, Sangra (Manyarsyun), nagnath, Rudraprayag, Gopeshwar, Joshimath, etc
In many temples, people used to sacrifice animals as goat or buffalo. Opposite of Shrinagar at Ranihat, there used to be fair of prostitutes (Devdasi).

    There were regional fairs too   where a particular region people used to celebrate events.   

References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.3
3- Asiatic Researches Vo.l 6

[Bhishma Kukreti]

       

(  Reference - V D Mahajan , Ancient India )



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  Mumbai, India  2018

   History of Haridwar, Bijnor, Saharanpur  to be continued Part  --

हरिद्वार,  बिजनौर , सहारनपुर का आदिकाल से सन 1947 तक इतिहास  to be continued -भाग -


      Ancient  History of Kankhal, Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Har ki Paidi Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Jwalapur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Telpura Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Ancient  History of Sakrauda Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Bhagwanpur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient   History of Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;  Ancient  History of Jhabarera Haridwar, Uttarakhand  ;   Ancient History of Manglaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient  History of Laksar; Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient History of Sultanpur,  Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;     Ancient  History of Pathri Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Landhaur Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;   Ancient History of Bahdarabad, Uttarakhand ; Haridwar;      History of Narsan Haridwar, Uttarakhand ;    Ancient History of Bijnor;   seohara , Bijnor History Ancient  History of Nazibabad Bijnor ;    Ancient History of Saharanpur;   Ancient  History of Nakur , Saharanpur;    Ancient   History of Deoband, Saharanpur;     Ancient  History of Badhsharbaugh , Saharanpur;   Ancient Saharanpur History,     Ancient Bijnor History;
कनखल , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; तेलपुरा , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; सकरौदा ,  हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; भगवानपुर , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;रुड़की ,हरिद्वार इतिहास ; झाब्रेरा हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; मंगलौर हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;लक्सर हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;सुल्तानपुर ,हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;पाथरी , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; बहदराबाद , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ; लंढौर , हरिद्वार  इतिहास ;ससेवहारा  बिजनौर , बिजनौर इतिहास; नगीना ,  बिजनौर इतिहास; नजीबाबाद , नूरपुर , बिजनौर इतिहास;सहारनपुर इतिहास; देवबंद सहारनपुर इतिहास , बेहत सहारनपुर इतिहास , नकुर सहरानपुर इतिहास Haridwar Itihas, Bijnor Itihas, Saharanpur Itihas

[Bhishma Kukreti]

           Year wise numbers of Primary Schools in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -277
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -297
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1131
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
                   Hills of Garhwal was fortunate enough for people following educated persons for sending their children to schools even ten twenty miles away from their villages. Ten twelve year old students from far village used to stay in hostels.
        There were following numbers of Primary Schools and numbers of students in Garhwal from 1896 to 1906-
Year ---------------No PS------------Boys--------------Girl ----------Total
1896-97--------------71--------------------------------------------------3492
1897-98--------------71---------------------------------------------------2005
1898-99--------------79----------------------------------------------------2197
1899-1900-----------98-----------------------------------------------------3093
1900-01--------------96-----------------------------------------------------2958
1901-02--------------97------------------------------------------------------3371
1902-03------------114------------------4296--------------17--------------4313
1903-04------------ 115-------------------4295------------15---------------4410
1904-05--------------119-------------------4607-----------15----------------4622
1905-06-------------139--------------------5544-----------127---------------5661
1906-07-------------159----------------------5907-----------130--------------7037
1907-08--------------178-------------------6155--------------91--------------6249
1908-09-------------196-----------------------6174-----------246--------------6420
   The figures are indicating that people were not interested on educating girl. There were social taboos and agriculture work load for people not interested on girl education.
                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

Xx
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 13/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -1132
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

[Bhishma Kukreti]

          Expenditure on Education in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -278
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -298
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1132
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
             There was following annual expenditure on education by District Board in Garhwal-       
Year --------------- Rs. Expenditure
1890-91--------------8223
1891-92-------------8304
1892-93-------------8471
1893-94---------------7866
1894-95---------------7502
1895-96----------------7780
1896-97--------------10418
1897-98--------------10069
1898-99-------------- 9165
1899-1900-----------11524
1900-01--------------12072
1901-02--------------12139
1902-03------------17913
1903-04------------ 22351
1904-05--------------21435
1905-06-------------32011
1906-07-------------44528
1907-08--------------39090
1908-09-------------.40696
                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

Xx
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 13/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -1132
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

[Bhishma Kukreti]

          Christian Mission Schools in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -279
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -299
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1133
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
        There was significant role of Christian Missionaries in promoting education in British Garhwal. In 1864, Christian activist Parker bought house for missionary school in Chopra near Pauri. In 1865 summer, Father Mansell started mission school there. Tularam was teacher there and there were three students initially. In April 1866, Father Thuavarn took the charge of mission and school. By 1867, there were 30 students.  However, mission was unable for converting any Garhwali as Christian. In 1868, Maonsell took responsibility of school and became District superintendent.   
                      Boarding School Dhekwali
  Khayali ram and his four brothers (Oad) of Dhekwali village of Bali Kandarsyun accepted Christianity. Later on, his relatives also accepted Christianity. Father Mansell oped a boarding school there where Christian children were offered free education with food and other luring facilities. By that act, a few  Shilpkar also accepted Christianity. Missionary had to close down boarding school in 1897 as by enlarge, Garhwalis did not how much interest in Christianity. A fact remains toady a fact that in Garhwal, untouchability and poorness was not bad as in plains or in other east Himalayan region. Shilpkar used to get food and work sufficiently in village.
     
                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

Xx
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 14/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -1134
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

[Bhishma Kukreti]

          Chopra Mission Schools in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -280
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -300
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1134
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
      Chopra Christian Mission School became the craze and there was increase in student numbers every year. Management built a big school building taking aids from government in 1872.    Father L.t McMahon was district superintendent and manger for Chopra Mission School from 1881-89. By 1883, the management started English medium too up to middle standard.  McMahon was very much interested in promoting education. Father McMahon used to teach in the school too. Father McMahon established two Mission School branch each in Shrinagar and Dadamandi.  Atkinson reported that father McMahon opened Hindi medium schools in a few villages. Perhaps, Father McMahon opened an orphan house in Chopra. By 1884, there ws high increase in student numbers and by 1890, management had to open two boarding houses separate each for Hindu and Christians. Now, the school name was Messmor Mission school.
    The management appointed D.A. Chaufin the head master of Mission school in 1890. Chaufin was HM up to 1897. From that day, Chaufin family had relation with the school. Father J.H. Massmor was also district superintendent and manager for Chopra school from 1901-1911. By recommendation of Messmor , in 1902,author ties up graded middle school to high school.  In 1898,Management appointed C.S. Chaufin as head master for the school and he was head master till 1902. Authorities promoted Chaufin as Sub Deputy Inspector of Schools in 1902 and again promoted as Deputy Inspector of Schools in 1906.
     father Messmor expired in 1913, There was  a condolence meeting on 14th November 1913 presided by Deputy Commissioner Clay. Father Hyde, Taradatt Gairola and Bmbikadtt Bahuguna participated in the meeting. they formed a committee for building a memorial house in memory of Father Messmor. Clay was president and Gairola was secretary of the committee.
         G.A Chaufin the son of D.A Chaufin was head master of school from 1916-49  Due to shortage of building, from 1917-19 the school was de graded to middle school.  The new building construction started in 1918 under the supervision of Father H.H.Weeks.  As soon as building was completed in 1920, authorities sanctioned it as high School again.  Dr Weeks did hard work for the school. Father Weeks was engineer, carpenter and builder too and he worked every work.  Father Weeks was a creative too. Father Weeks constructed a special house cart that he used to bring furniture wood from Advani (12 mile away from Chopra) to Chopra on house cart. Weeks never spend a moment without work.
Week also helped Satpuli people t the time of great flood of 1923.
Messmor School played a great role in promoting education in British Garhwal.
                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

Xx
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 15/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -1135
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal

[Bhishma Kukreti]

           Gadoli Girl School in British Garhwal 
                  British Administration in Garhwal   -281
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -301
-

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1135
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
                Government and Christian Missionary did appreciable works in promoting girls education in Garhwal.
           Around 1896, Missionary opened a gril or coeducation school in Gadoli near Chopra. Mission appointed an American Mis Kayal as manager for the school. Miss Insigne Gill was the manager for school in 1899. Mostly, Christian gilrs started entering into school. Mission built a hostel for girl. Due to hard work and recommendation of Miss Merry Gill, in 1903, government agreed for up grading school up to middle. People started calling the school as merry Gill school. In 1905, girls passed middle school from this school. Mission and government sent many girls for teacher training. The girl of Brahmin and Rajput remained on back seat for girls education.
     

                    References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -8 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -2, page- .61-103
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol. 3
3-Garhwal Gazetteer
4- Paw, Garhwal settlement reports
5- Census hand book 1951
6- Adams, Reports on pilgrims rout

Xx
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 16/1/2018
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -1136
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of British Garhwal, Education , Health, History of Devalgarh Garhwal , ; History of Badhan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Barasyun Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chandpur Garhwal; Education , Health History of Chaundkot Garhwal; Education , Health History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  Education , Health History of Tallasalan Garhwal; Education , Health History of Dashauli Garhwal; Education , Health History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Education , Health, Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal