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Author Topic: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD  (Read 144751 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #160 on: August 25, 2014, 12:51:00 PM »
                     Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -163     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -410
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
 
                                Rise of Nazib Khan /Nazeeb Khan

             In the later period of Garhwal King Pradip Shah, Nazeeb Khan Rohilla captured Bhabhar and Doon regions. After the death of Nazeeb Khan, the governor of Doon came under rule of Pradip Shah. However, Rohillas ruled on Bhabhar and later on Awadh Nabab captured Bhabhar from Rohillas.
  Nazib Khan belonged to Roh of Afghanistan. He came to India with his son in search of job. Initially he served with Muhmmad Khan Bangas and Bjir Gajiuddin first. Later on he served Ali Muhammad Rohilla. Ali Muhammad Khan promoted Nazeeb Khan and appointed him Jagirdar of Jalalabad Pargana. In 1745, Ali Muhammad sent him to Balkheri for capturing Kumaon Kingdom. However, due to interference of Mughal army the planning for capturing Kumaon failed.
 After failure of Kumaon campaign, Nazeeb Khan collected huge army and in 1751, he reached to help Ahmad Khan Bangas. There was battle in Lal Dhang. He captured Bijnaur and part of Saharanpur under him. There was no strong defence for Bhabhar from Pradip Shah side. Nazeeb Khan captured Mayurdhwaj and Chandanpur of Bhabhar under him.
               Mughal Jagir to Nazeeb Khan
 In 1753, Safdar Jung revolted against Mughal attacked on Mughal region. Nazeeb Khan reached with 15 thousand soldiers to Delhi to help Mughal Emperor. Nazeeb Khan defeated Safdar Jung.  Mughal Emperor was unable to pay the payment of solders of Nazeeb Khan. Nazeeb Khan started looting the subjects in Delhi. Mughal Emperor appointed him Bakshi of Ganga Doab and east of Gnga where Rohillas rule was there to collect taxes.
 Capturing west part of Rohilkhand, he captured other regions of Saharanpur and Meerut those were not under him. 
                             Establishing Nazibabad

  Till Akbar time, Nazibabad and Afzalgarh were under Garhwal Kingdom. Most of the Bhabhar was dense forest. There were scanty human establishments at the bank of rivers in Bhabhar. However, at the beginning of eighteenth century, Rohillas established their establishment in that region. As Rohillas established establishment Garhwali subjects migrated towards north in Garhwal. Garhwal Jagirdars were unable to stop Rohillas in establishing in today’s Bijnaur region.
 Nazeeb Khan understood the strategic importance of place south of present Kotdwara. The year when he got title of Nazibuddaula from Mughal Emperor, same year in 1755, , Nazeeb Khan made Nazibabad as his capital. He laid foundation of fort at Pathar Garh. He founded big township and built big fort there. Nazeeb Khan broke the Mayurdhwaj fort and used the stones for his fort.  Nazeeb Khan also constructed garden called Sultanbagh.
                    Looting of Salan Garhwal

            Rohillas from Nazibabad started invading Salan region (Kotdwara, Bdalpur, Duggadda, Langur, Dhangu, Ajmer and Udaypur regions). TRohillas used to loot wealth, human beingas and domestic animals from Salan. There are folklore and copper plate those to tell that Rohillas attacked on Salan many times.

       Nazeeb Khan as Meer Bakshi or Chief Army Staff
                  In 1753, Ahmad Shah Abdali marched towards Delhi after capturing Punjab to capture Mughal Empire. Nazeeb Khan helped Ahmad Shah Abdali. Abdali won Delhi with the help of Nazeeb Khan. Ahmad Shah Abdali appointed Nazeeb Khan as Army Chief (Meer Bakshi) and when Abdali returned he appointed Nazeeb as representative Ruler of Delhi. In fact, Nazeeb Khan became the ruler of Delhi.
             Nazeeb Khan Capturing Dehradun (Doon valley)
 Nazib Khan established his rule in Ganga Doab, Saharanpur including Haridwar. Chait Singh a chieftain of Bahsuma province resisted the invasion of Nazeeb Khan. Nazib Khan defeated Chait Singh and Chait Singh came under Rohilla rule. Other local chieftains were already under Nazeeb Khan.
Nazeeb Khan heard about the prosperity of Doon valley or Dehradun.  In 1757, Nazeeb Khan sent his army to invade Doon valley.  The Rohilla army crossed the river ports of Shivalik and entered into Doon valley. Garhwal army tried to resist a couple of place but Rohilla army defeated Garhwal army. Nazeeb Khan combined plains of Doon valley under Saharanpur region. Nazeeb Khan appointed a resident officer for Doon valley.
                   Reasons for Defeat of Garhwal Army
 Though Garhwal army was specialist army for Hill region but in past Rohillas already defeated Kumaon army. Rohilla army already had experience of marching in forest of Bhabhar as in bijnoour (Mayurdhwaj).
 Rohillas became winning warriors and other armies were afraid of Rohillas terror. The Rohilla army’s battle management was far superior to Garhwal army.
Every Rohilla soldier had a gun and he was expert in targeting the gun. The battalion of Rohilla army was divided scientifically into small commands for specific attack.
 The Rohilla army and gained to adopt strategy as per opposite army and as per place. They were expert in flanking on enemy in night. The Rohilla army was more motivated than Garhwal army. Garhwal army was totally untrained and did not have modern ammunition than Rohillas. All Rohillas were dedicated to capture whole of India for under Rohilla rule.
                            Rohilla Administration in Doon Valley
   The Rohilla administration in Dehradun was people and trade oriented. This time, Rohilla army did not repress the subjects. On the contrary Rohillas corrected the administration. Rohillas handed over the job of tax collection and tax management with Hindu accountants (Munshi). Rohillas protected the people and farmers from dacoits.
      The farming increased in Dehradun in the Rohilla period. There were new establishment of villages under Rohilla rule and numbers of villages reached up to 500. Rohillas encouraged farmers for constructing canals and wells. The farm tax income of Doon reached up to Rs.1, 26,000 per annum.
  The trade also got developed in Doon valley. Many ‘mandis’ (who sale markets) emerged in Dehradun region and the goods of hills started coming to these ‘mandis’ for trade. There was encouraging export of Doon produces to other areas.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 24/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -411
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Bijnaur of Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Nazibabad of Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Hardiwar Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Pauri Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Gangasalan Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Malla Salan Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Talla Salan Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Kotdwara Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Haridwar Garhwal; Rohillas Capturing Bhabhar and Doon Garhwal in context History of Saharanpur;

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #161 on: August 25, 2014, 03:04:57 PM »
           Raids from Maratha and Sikhs in Dehradun and Haridwar

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -164     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -411
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                               Raids of Maratha
  In 1757, Malhar Rav Holkar the Maratha ruler reached to Saharanpur with his army and Nazeeb Khand had to flee towards his west Rohilla region. Maratha raided on Saharanpur including Doon and Haridwar. Maratha army looted the region. As Maratha reached to Punjab, Nazeeb freed doon and Saharanpur. On 10th October 1759, Maratha army crossed Ganga from Chandi Ghat and marched towards Nazibabad. Maratha captured Sabbal Garh Fort and reached near Nazibabad. However, Maratha could not capture Nazibabad Fort. Maratha looted the area.
                           Third Panipat Battle
         Marathas captured Punjab from Ahmad Shah Abdali. In 1760, Ahmad Shah Abdali attacked on Maratha in Punjab. Rohilla Comander Nazeeb Khan and Awadh ruler Shuja Uddaula helped Ahamd Shah Abdali against Marathas. Maratha asked help from other Hindu Kings but they refused to do so.
 Kumaon King sent his 4000 soldiers under Hari Ram and Birbal Singh Negi for Rohilla and Ahmad Shah Abdali. There was a treaty between Shiv Datt Joshi of Kumaon that in case, Abdali is defeated by Maratha, Nazeeb Khan would take shelter in Kumaon. Nazeeb Khan appointed Harsh Dev Joshi as resident of Nazibabad region in his absence. Marathas were defeated very badly. Ahmad Shah Abdali handed over again the charge of Delhi to Nazeeb Khan. Nazeeb Khan became the ruler of Delhi.
                       Raids of Sikhs

  Due to invasion of Abdali, the administration in Punjab became weak. The Sikh armed soldiers started raiding here and there. Sikh raiders also raided in Haridwar and Don Regions regularly. Nazeeb was unable to stop the raids of Sikh.
In 1764, 4000 armed Sikhs raided into Dehradun and looted the area. They raided whole of Rohillas. In 1768, Nazeeb Khan handed over his charge to his son Zabita Khan. Initially Zabita Khan tried to stop Sikhs but later on, Zabita Khan paid tribute to Sikhs and had temporary treaty.
                           Fall of Zabita Khan
  Nazeeb Khan died on 23rd February 1772. Zabita Khan took th e charge of Delhi as Meer Bakshi. Jabita Khan was Meer Bakshi of Delhi for three months. In February 1771, Maratha attacked on Delhi and pushed away Jabita Khan from Delhi.
 After one year that is on 23rd February, Maratha and Mughal armies crossed Ganga from Chandi Ghat and attacked on Rohilla army.
 Faijulla Khan the brother in law of Zabita Khan escaped into Tarai with lot of wealth and his family.
On the same night, Jabita Khan also escaped from his camp towards hills in north.
Maratha army captured Afjalkhan the uncle of Zabita Khan. Many army chiefs of jabita Khan ran away from Rohilla region. Maratha army surrounded Nazibabad fort for 15 days. In the mean time, Maratha army was engaged looting the region too. On 15th day, Martha could capture the Pathar Durg of Nazibabad fort. Maratha allowed the Rohilla families to go away elsewhere. However, Maratha did punish the Turani Mughal people. Maratha made men and women naked. Another Meer Bakshi Nazaf Khan freed Turani Mughal from Marathas. Maratha took revenge of deceits and wicked acts of Nazeeb Khan.
  Maratha dug the treasurer of Nazeeb Khan and took twenty days in digging and looting. Maratha captured wealth worth of ten lakhs with thousand of horses, elephants, guns and ammunition. Now, Mughal Emperor had right over Zabita khan’s Jagir.
                         Recapturing Dehradun by Pradip Shah
 When bad days of Zabita Khan started, Pradip Shah took back Dehradun from Rohillas. However, at that time Pradip Shah had become old and weak. The administration of Dehradun was being held with the advice of Guru Ram Rai Darbar.
                     Death of Pradip Shah
  Pradip Shah had a paralysis attack and became very weak. He was medicated but could not recover. Pradip Shah died in 1772. 
          Characteristics of Garhwal King Pradip Shah
 Pradip Shah was peace loving King and used to forgive his subordinate for unforgivable mistakes too.
Medhakar Shastri was the court poet of Pradip Shah. Medhkar Shastri created Ramayanpradip in Sanskrit. Medhkar  Shastri also edited Manodaykavya.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 25/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -412
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #162 on: August 26, 2014, 11:16:04 AM »

                         History of Garhwal King Lalit Shah part - 1
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -165     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -412
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Name of Lalit Shah- All the lists describe him as Lalit Shah including Maularam. However, his name is engraved as LalitKumarShah in his coin.
          Information Source about Lalit Kumar Shah
There are sources of information about Lalit Shah as-
1-Maularam
2-Coins and inscriptions
3-History accounts of Sikh and Rohillas
4-A Portrait drew by Maularam
                        Ruling Period of Lalit Shah 
There are following suggestions for ruling period of Lalit Shah –
1-Becket and Walton- 1772-1780
2-Raturi- 1780-1791
3-Williams- 1774-1781
 The Deevan of Garhwal informed to Hardwick that Lalit Shah expired in 1781. That is why Williams suggested the death of Lalit Shah in 1781. By reading Gadhrajvanshkavya by Maularam it is obvious that his son Pradyumna Shah did not reach to Kumaon in his father Lalit Shah’s life. 
  Lalit Shah died while he was campaigning for Kumaon win. He caught Malaria and died in August. 
 After death of Lalit Shah, Jaykrit Shah sent Pradyumn Shah to Kumaon. The first copper inscription of Pradyumna Shah (son of Lalit Shah) is 1781. That means Lalit Shah was no more before 1781.Therefore, historians suggested that Lalit Shah died in around 1780.

            Family of Garhwal King Lalit Shah
       Lalit Shah had three queens. He had four sons. The eldest queen of Lalit Shah was princess of Kyunthal. Jai Krit Shah was born from eldest queen of Lalit Shah. Lalit Shah did not have good relation with prince Jaikrit Shah and his mother. Lalit Shah used to shout  on Jai Krit Shah and his eldest queen.
 Second wife of Lalit Shah was daughter of Doti King Kridam Sain. At the time of marriage of Lalit Shah with princess of Doti, Garhwal King had treaty with Kumaon King Duli Chand. The marriage procession of Lalit Shah passed through Kumaon. The marriage of Lalit Shah with Doti prince might have held before 1777.  Mohan Chand (Kumaon King after Duli Chand) was married to daughter of Doti King Deepsain the son of Kridamsain.
  Lalit Shah had heist affection for Doti princess and she was called Doti Rani. Her sons were Pradyuman and Parakram.
 Thrid queen of Lalit shah was daughter of elite from Garhwal called as Thakurani. Her son was Pritam. Perhaps she did not get due regard and importance in kingdom as she was not from king family. Historians do not get much record about prince Pritam. That means Pritam was also ignored by administrators and King.
 The birth years of princess of Lalit Shah are presumed as follows
Jaikrit Shah – 1760
Pradyumn Shah – 1766
Prakram Shah – 1769
Pritam Shah - 1774
                       Management of Badrikashram Temple
    Folklore describes that Shankaracharya handed over the charge of rituals and management of Badrinath temple to his disciple Trotakacharya. The disciples of Trotakachary looked after ritual management till fifteenth century.  From fifteenth century till 1776, Dandiswami used to look after rituals and management of Badrinath.
  According to Raturi, a Dandiswami Ram Krishna died in 1776. There was no other Dandiswami available for the ritual performances. There was Gopal a Nambudaripad Brahmin who used to cook food and Prasad in the kitchen. Lalit Shah was also present in Badrinath when Dandiswami ram Krishna died. Lalit Shah handed over the job of Dandiswami to Gopal bu offering him Chhatra, Chanvar, income source etc. Lalit Shah positioned the post as Rawal.
 Gopal requested to the King that after he becomes Rawal his family would not have income source. The King offered Gopal and his family Dimar village and from that day the family members of Gopal Nambudiparad were called Dimri. The king also arranged other source of income for Gopal and his family members as gifts (Vriti) of Lakshmi Mandir.
 From that day, Rawal had been being appointed from Nambudiparad families of Kerala.

                                               Honoring Scholars
          Lalit Shah honored scholars as his predecessors used to honor. He appointed Ram Datt Bahuguna (son of Medhkar Shastri) as Dharmadhikari. The Dharmadhikari post was continued till Devi Prasad Bahuguna of Pokhari village. 
 Bahgunas constructed a library in Pokhari. Kumaoni Pundits took those books at the time of Johsiyani.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 26/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -413
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Early Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Early Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Early Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #163 on: August 27, 2014, 11:39:06 AM »
           History of Managing Doon valley in Lalit Shah Period
                         History of Garhwal King Lalit Shah part - 2
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -166     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -413
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
 In last days of Pradip Shah, Garhwal King Pradip could get back Dehradun from Mughal rule. However, Pradip Shah could not pay attention on managing Dehradun (Doon Valley). Rohilla commander Nazibuddaula established tens of Rohilla and Pathan families in Doon valley. Pradip Shah pushed back Rohilla and Pathan from Doon valley. However, Pradip Shah did not take proper decision to manage Doon valley and the disturbances in Doon valley persisted there even after his death.
  Till then, the head quarter of Dehradun /Doon valley was in Nvada. At this period, the population nearby Guru Ram Rai Durbar or Dera at Dhamawala had been increasing.  The governor of Doon valley shifted head quarter of Doon at Dera Dhamawala. The Mahant of Guru Ram Rai had been regularly interfering in the Doon Management. 
              Extention of Awadh’s (Oudh) Territory by Shuja-ud- Daula
  Due to interference of Maratha, Jabita Khan became Meer Bakshi of Mughal Empire in 1773. However, his wealth and armed force power was reduced due to Shakrtal and Pithoragarh defeat. Nazib ud Daula the father of Jabita Khan used to help his native forces of Rohillas and Afghans . When around 1774, Rohillas and Afghans were fighting for their existences, Jabita Khan could not help his native forces. However, his secret connections were with Rohillas. In 1774, Oudh/Awadh Nabab Shuja ud Daula defeated Rohillas  in Meeran Katra battle. Now, Shuja Ud Daula decided to capture the territory of Jabita Khan. Oudh Nabab captured the territories of Jabita Khan. Nabab captured Nazibabad too and east of Ganga territories.
 Oudh Nabab Shuja ud Daula captured South Bhabhar. Now, South Bhabhar   -Mordhwaj, Bijnor, Nazibabad, Chandanpur, Motadhang (parts of Garhwal before Nazib Khan) was under Shuja ud- Daula. A narrow strip of LalDhang to Chandighat was under Garhwal Kingdom.

                          Jabita Khan attacking on Doon Valley 
   After losing main territory of east of Ganga, Bijnor etc, Jabita Khan had some parts of Meerut and Saharanpur. He was Meer Bakshi just for naming sake. Mirja Najaf was looking after the administration of Mughal administration. Jabita Khan had to pay tribute to Mughal Empire as other Jagirdars used to pay. Jabita Khan tried to recapture Doon valley.
  According to folklore, Jabita Khand attacked on a fort of Bhogpur in 1775. At the same time, Mughal Emperor appointed Abulkasimkhan as Faujdar of Saharanpur and ordered him to collect tax from Jabita Khan who did not pay tribute or amny years. Jabita Khan had to return from Doon valley to Saharanpur empty hand.
                   First Sikh Attack on Doon Valley
  Since, Mughal Kingdom was in very bad shape, Sikh armed forces used to loot here and there. Sikh armed forces attacked whole of Doon in 1775. Sikh soldiers looted cruelly to whole Dehradun and did destruction too.
                            Escaping by Jabita Khan
  After looting Doon valley, Sikh soldiers were to loot Saharanpur. Jabita Khan paid them heavy price for not looting Saharanpur region.
 In 1776, with the help of Sikh forces, Jabita Khan killed the Mughal Faujdar of Saharanpur. On 24th April 1777, Mughal army defeated Jabita Khan. Jabita Khan ran away from Saharanpur and Mughal army captured his son Gulam Kadir and family members. Jabita Khan accepted Sikh sect and became Dharma Singh.
                  Second Looting of Doon Valley by Sikh Forces
 In 1778, a Mughal force was sent to Punjab for suppressing the Sikh forces. Initially, Mughal force got success. However, in later stage, Mughal force was defeated by compbined forces of Kings or rulers of Patiyala, Jeend, Nabh, Bhadora and Malod. Now, the combined force crossed Yamuna River and looted Doon valley very cruelly.
          Arriving Garhwal Army in Doon Valley
   Garhwal King was a worried King. Lalit Shah was worried about new territories for his sons from Dotiyali wife.  Garhwal King Lalit Shah appointed new force in his army with an intention to win new territories. Lalit Shah sent his new army for protecting Doon valley. However, till then Sikhs went back towards Punjab after looting Dehradun. Garhwal King ordered his new army to win over Sirmaur Kingdom. However, Sirmaur Army defeated Garhwal Army.

  Raiding on Doon Valley by Rajput and Gurjar
  The new force went back to Shrinagar from Doon valley after getting defeat from Sirmaur army.
 Now, Rajput forces and Gurjar forces of Saharanpur started raiding on Doon valley. A few commanders collected armed forces in Haridwar, Saharanpur and Meerut. They used to appoint forces on the basis of partition on looted wealth. Regularly Rajputs and Gurjar forces started looting Doon Valley.
 The local subjects used to protect themselves from raiders. These looters used to raid on Doon via Timli and Mohan Ghats. When the Khubadgujar Jagirdar became powerful than Pundir, the force of Landhaura Talukedar or Jagirdar or Gurjar chieftain  Ramdayal Singh captured that path and started raiding Doon Valley.
                       Awarding Raiders
 When Pundir and other Rajputs and Gurjar Talukedars were busy in raiding Doon valley, Lalit Shah was busy in planning to capture Kumaon for his sons with Joshis of Kumaon Kingdom.
  Lalit Shah rewarded the raiders that there would be peace in Doon vaaley. Lalit Shah appointed Gulab Singh Pundir as Jagirdar of twelve villages of Doon valley. Lalit Shah also married his daughter with Gulab Singh that Gulab Singh Pundir would protect the interest of Doon.
 Lalit Shah offered Ram Dayal Singh five villages. He offered some villages to Rav (Thokdar)  of Khedi ( Haridwar), Rav of Sakrauda  (Haridwar) and Rav of Raypur.
  Llait Shah appointed son of Gulab Singh Pundir as governor of Doon valley and another Pundir – Peetambar Singh was offered Jagir of two villages in Doon valley.

  Campaign of Sirmaur Attack by Lalit Shah
 Lalit Shah had more affection for his Dotiyali queen. Lalit Shah did not like his eldest queen and price Jai Krit Shah. The court administrators took advantage of love for Doti queen and hate for eldest queen by the Garhwal King. The supporters of Doti queen became more influential in Garhwal court of Lalit Shah. Lalit Shah promised his Doti queen that her sons would get the throne.
 There were two groups –one was supporting Jai Krit Shah as heir of Kingdom and other group was  supporter of Pradyumna or Parakram Shah as heirs of Garhwal Kingdom .However, as per Garhwali culture, the eldest son would had right on the crown.  Ultimately, Lalit shah had to obey the culture.
Doti queen was furious about Jai Krit Shah being grown as prince of Kingdom. As Dashrath promised his queen Kaikayi, Lalit Shah promised his queen Doti that he would win Sirmaur and Kumaon for her two sons.
  Appointing new forces by Lalit Shah
  Lalit Shah had plan to conquer Kumaon and Sirmaur for the sons of Dotiyal queen. Lalit Shah collected armed forces on hire from Kumaon, Himachal and other places. These soldiers used to be readily available at any time for anybody.
                  Attack on Sirmaur
 Lalit Shah collected a new army for protecting Dehradun. Lalit Shah ordered his new army to capture Sirmaur Kingdom from Doon.
 Garhwal force surrounded Bairat Garh and burnt the fort. After getting Bairat Garh, Garhwal Force attacked on Kalsi fort. Sirmaur army ran away from Kalsi. However, Sirmaur army was busy to defend wherever they got Garhwal army. Sirmaur army defeated Garhwal army everywhere. Garhwal force had to escape from Sirmaur territory.
  Garhwal King had to have treaty with Sirmaur King. Garhwal army returned to Shrinagar. The soldiers demanded the salary from Garhwal King. Garhwal treasury did not have money to pay salary for newly appointed force gone to capture Sirmaur. By not getting salary, force threatened disturbing the capital. Lalit shah sold his personal valuables and paid back the salary of new force.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 27/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -414
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Early Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Early Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Early Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #164 on: August 28, 2014, 11:41:28 AM »
     History of Kumaon Campaign by Garhwal King Lalit Shah

                         History of Garhwal King Lalit Shah part - 3
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -167     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -414
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                         Mohan Chand getting Kumaon Kingdom

     At the time of Deep Chand as Kumaon King, opponent of Kahsipur Bhabhar in charge Shiv Datt Joshi killed Shiv Datt Joshi. They also killed two sons of Shiv Datt Joshi. Third son Harsh Dev Joshi escaped from the opponents. After some time, Hari ram Joshi died. Now, the administrators were free do act as per their wishes and it was free for all in Kumaon Kingdom. Deep Chand was helpless to recover the administration. His queen Shringar Manjari started interfering in te court activities. King Deep Chand appointed Harsh Dev Joshi (son of Shiv Datt Joshi) and Jaikrishna Joshi on prominent positions in Kumaon court. The queen Shringar Manjari appointed Mohan Chand  Gusain and Parma Nand Bisht in place of Harsh Dev Joshi and Jaikrishna Joshi. Mohan Chand  Gusain and his brother Lal Singh Gusain were decedent of late King Bajbahadur.
In 1777, Mohan Chand arranged Killing of Deep Chand and his supporters including his sons. Jaikrishna jOshi was also killed. Harsh Dev Joshi was put in jail. Mohan Chand became King of Kumaon.
                           Joshi Escaping from Almora
 Mohan Chand Gusain used to think Joshis as his main enemies. He killed Lakshmi Pati Joshi. Lakshmi Pati Joshi was subordinate of Harsh dev Joshi. Mohan Chand also killed other  Joshis and their supporters in Almora. Harsh Dev Joshi escaped from jail and reached to Bareli.  Jay Nand Joshi and other Joshi also reached to Bareli.
 Joshis were not having any work in Bareli and it was difficult for them to run the life. At that period Garhwal army was defeated by Sirmaur army. Harsh Dev Joshi became active to make fool of Garhwal King Lalit Shah.
  Joshis sent a letter for Garhwal King Lalit Shah. In that letter they wrote that Lalit Shah could become the ruler of Kumaon and Sirmaur. Joshi requested Lalit Shah to attack on Kumaon and they would support Lalit Shah.

                   Lalit Shah coming under Conspiracies of Joshis
 History is witness that solid Kingdom were destroyed due to greed and affection for women. King Lalit Shah was pleased to get letter from Joshi those were taking shelter in Bareli. He was already anxious to capture Sirmaur and Kumaon for his sons.
  Lalit Shah answered to Joshis. Garhwal King invited Joshis to come to Shrinagar. Lalit Shah wrote that Joshi can take Garhwal army to capture Almora and Champawat. King wrote that you (Joshis) kill Mohan Chand and ascend Garhwal Prince Pradyuman on Kumaon throne.
 The supporting administrators of Dotiyali Queen as Prempati Khanduri and Nityanand Khanduri wanted sons of the Doti queen Pradyuman Shah or Prakram Shah as King. They and Lalit Shah forgot in the same situation Pradip Shah the grandfather of Lalit Shah was caught in great dangers due to conspiracy of forefathers of present Joshis.
                        Deceptive Methods of Joshis

  Joshis received the answer from Lalit Shah and were now, sure that the greedy King was under their selfish influences. Joshis wrote letter to the King that they were in heavy debts of 20-25 thousands rupees and before coming Garhwal they had to pay back the debts of money lenders.
 Lalit Shah sent Rupees 25000 and gold coins too for Joshis living in Bareli. Joshis distributed money among themselves.
               Garhwal King Welcoming Joshis in Shrinagar

  Harsh Dev Joshi remained in Bareli under specific strategy. Jayanand Joshi and other Joshis came to Shrinagar. Joshis were resided in big Haveli and offered lavish dinner and lunches. Garhwal King ordered to store keeper and kitchen keeper to offer Joshis as per their demand.
          Joshis reached to the court of Lalit shah with Shrifal (coconut). Joshis blessed Garhwal King with misspelled or wrong rong meaningful Shloka.
  Lalit Shah and Joshis had sweet discussion. Jayanand  Joshi told that Joshis and other Kumaoni ministers   were ready to deceive their own Kingdom. Lalit Shah told that he was handing over his beloved son Pradyuman Shah to Kumaoni Pundits or ministers. Joshis advised the King that the King should send Garhwal army with them to Kumaon to dethrone Mohan Chand from Kumaon Kingdom. Joshis told to the King that they would take Pradyuman Shah after killing Mohan Chand.
                     Ascending Pradyuman Shah on Kumaon Throne
     In Shrinagar Joshis ascended Pradyuman Shahn on Kumaon throne with auspicious chanting. Joshis sent the message to their supporters in Almora. Joshis took money from Garhwal King and dispatched secretly to their supporters that is – commanders, administrators and elites of Kumaon in Almora for corrupting them.

                          Bagwalipokhar Battle
 Garhwal King Lalit Shah sent Garhwal army led by Minister Prempati Khanduri and Commander Dhannu Gaddi with Joshis to conquer Kumaon. Garhwal army with Joshis entered in Kumaon from Lohaba side. Garhwal army reached to Dwarhat of Kumaon. Kumaon King Mohan Chand was now, a worried King. At the same time Harsh Dev Joshi also reached to Almora.
 Mohan Chand promised Harsh Dev Joshi if Kumaon army defeat Garhwal Army Harsh Dev Joshi would get his post and honor back. Harsh Dev Joshi marched with Kumaon Army led by Lal Singh the brother of Mohan Chand to fight with Garhwal army. When Harsh Dev Joshi came to know that Garhwal Army defeated Kumaon army in Bagwali Pokhar, Harsh Dev Joshi reached secretly to meet Joshis who were with Garhwal Army. After defeat, Mohan Chand and his brother ran away from Kumaon (1779) and took shelter under Rampur ruler Faijulla Khan.

                       Rule of Joshis on Kumaon 
  Now, Joshis were real ruler of Kumaon. Harsh Dev Joshi and other Joshis were ruling Kumaon in the name of King Pradyuman Shah.  Prem Pati Khanduri was with them and he became their stern supporter.
 Joshis and Khanduri sent a letter to Lalit Shah that he should send Kumaon King Pradyuman Shah to Almora.
                 Discussion about Sending Pradyuman Shah to Kumaon

  Lalit Shah discussed the matter with his aids. Pradyuman Shah was only thirteen years old prince and he was also not a strong built man.  Lalit Shah and ministers of Garhwal were aware the past killings of two Kumaoni Kings and in pat Pradip Shah was caught in major danger in Kumaon.
 Lalit Shah wrote letter to Joshis that since, Pradyuman Shah was immature instead of prince the King was coming to Almora to reconstruct the administration. Joshis were not comfortable with Lalit Shah coming to Almora.
 Joshis wrote back to Lalit Shah not to come to Almora but to dispatch Pradyuman Shah.

                    Lalit Shah Marching to Almora

  Lalit Shah was not satisfied by the answer of Joshis. He along with Garhwal army marched towards Kumaon. When Garhwal King reached at Khetsari, Joshis were afraid. Harsh Dev Joshi ran away from Almora.
 Jayanand Joshi came to Khetsari and met the King Lalit Shah. Jayanand Joshi told to Lalit Shah that the deceptive ministers had run away from Almora and he was alone in Almora. He made Lalit Shah understands to camp in Dulari and he would bring the Kumaoni ministers and elites to the King. Jayanand also promised that he would bring Harsh Dev Joshi to meet the King.
  Lalit Shah accepted the advice of Jayanand Joshi and shifted his camp from Khetsari to Duladi.
                   Lalit Shah in Dulari camp for Seven Months
    Garhwal army dug the camp in Dulari/Duladi. Garhwal King had to camp in Dulari for seven months. Garhwal King wanted to meet harsh Dev Joshi before sending Pradyuman Shah to Almora. Joshis wanted that first Garhwal King should return to Shrinagar. Both sides were using diplomacy but both were susceptive with each other’s deceptiveness.  Garhwal King was adamant to send his son without proper protection for his son in Almora. Lalit Shah  wanted to meet Harsh dev Joshi and harsh dev Joshi did not meet  him.
 One day, harsh Dev Joshi appeared in Dulari with his own army. He entered in the camp of King. Harsh Dev Joshi talked with Garhwal King for a while and walked out from camp suddenly. The King and ministers were shocked to find the behavior of Harsh Dev Joshi. Garhwal King was helpless as Harsh Dev had his army with him. After that  short meeting Harsh Dev Joshi never came to meet Garhwal King Lalit Shah.
            Death of Lalit Shah in Dulari
               Lalit Shah offered money to Joshis to get Kumaon Kingdom. Joshis got back Kumaon Kingdom and did not allow Garhwal King to rule over Kumaon. Lalit Shah was a disturbed man in Dulari. Lalit shah and his many aids got caught by Malaria. Due to Malaria Lalit Shah died in August 1780. 
 His body was brought back in Shrinagar and was cremated in Shrinagar.
  Kumaoni Folklore
  The Kumaon folklore sates slightly different story about Lalit Shah and Harsh Dev Joshi than what Maulram wrote in ‘Garharjkavya’.
1-Harsh Dev invited Lalit Shah when he was in prison of Mohan Chand in Almora.  When Lalit Shah attacked on Kumaon, Mohan Chand freed Harsh Dev Joshi and sent Harsh Dev Joshi with Lal Singh‘s army to defend Garhwal army.
2-After Bagwalipokhar battle, Lalit Shah invited Harsh Dev Joshi at Pali. And there they ascended Pradyuman Shah on Kumaon crown.
 Lalit shah died due to Malaria.
                                Character of Lalit Shah
   Lalit Shah was a greedy King.
He was not able to guess the power and strategic points of his enemy that is why he could not be successful in winning Sirmaur.
His greed became the source of destruction of Garhwal Kingdom.
 He did not offer shelter to scholars as his forefathers used to offer. Only Maulram was his a court artist. Maulram portrayed his portrait.
Lalit Shah accepted the dressing and culture of Sikhs (as shown in portrait by Maularam).

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 28/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -415
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Early Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Early Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Early Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #165 on: August 29, 2014, 12:19:51 PM »
        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -1

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -168     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -415
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                  Jai Kirti or Jay Krit Shah getting Crown
  Pradyumna Shah was ascended on Kumaon crown. However, his father Lalit Shah could not see Pradyuman Shah in Almora court. The favorites administrators of queen Dotiyali were eager to ascend Pradyumna as Kumaon King and his own younger brother Parakram Shah as Garhwal King. However, when Lalit shah died Pradyumna and Parakram were minor. Therefore, supporters of Queen Dotiyali could not execute their planning. Therefore, the eldest prince Jai Kirti Shah was ascended on crown.  Jai Kirti Shah was the most unlucky Garhwal King who never enjoyed peaceful life due to factionalism among his administrators. The Kingdom ministers and elites deceived him at regular intervals.
               Ruling Period of King Jai Kirti Shah
The following suggestions are for ruling period of King Jai Kirti Shah.
Becket- 1780-1786
Raturi- 1791-1797
Mukandilal – 1780-1785.
Raturi is wrong as when Hardwick reached in 1796 in Shrinagar, Pradyumna Shah was the Garhwal King.
There are copper inscriptions of Pradyuman Shah as Kumaon King for the years of 1781-1784. There are copper inscriptions of Mohan Chand as the King of Kumaon for 1786-1788. That means Jai Kirti Shah was definitely Garhwal King from 1780 to 1783. Jai Kirti Shah died in 1785. When Garhwali army from Kumaon attacked and looted Dvalgarh , jai Kirti Shah had to flee.

              Rise and Fall of Minister Nitya Nand Khanduri
  There were many factions in the court of Jai Kirti Shah. A faction wanted to see Parakram as King and other faction was interested in diminishing other faction from the court. The administrators were mainly divided in two groups led by Dobhal and Khanduri clans. Nitya Nand Khanduri was leader of Khanduri group and Kripa Ram Dobhal was leader of Dobhal group.
           Pradip Shah appointed a Khanduri as chief minister in place of Shankar Dobhal (perhaps Nitya Nand Khanduri).  That Khanduri stopped all the government policies set by Dobhal. Khanduri stopped Jagir and Vriti of many people set by Dobhal. That is why there was enmity between Khanduri and Dobhal families. It is said that till recent modern time, there was no marriage between Doval /Dobhal and Khanduri families.
   In the time of Lalit Shah and early period of Jai Kirti Shah, Nitya Nand Khanduri was on the most important posts of Mahamantri and Mukhtar (chief minister and chief accountant). Therefore, most of the court employees had to depend for favor from Nitya Nand Khanduri. Nitya Nand was also offered Jagirdar of Salan region. The income of Salan was one and quarter lakh per annum.
  Prempati Khanduri was a minister in Lalit Shah’s rule. Prempati was a favorite of queen Dotiyali. Therefore, in Kumaon campaign, Lalit Shah sent Prempati Khanduri to Almora with Joshis. Prem Pati became supporter of Joshis and started sending reports to Shrinagar from Almora as per advices of Joshis. Prempati became guardian of Pradyuman Shah in Almora when Pradyuman came to Kumaon as King.
                    Kripa Ram Dobhal as Chief Minister
   Lalit Shah made Kripa Ram Dobhal as guardian of prince jai Kirti Shah. Lalit Shah never liked Jai Kirti Shah. Kripa Ram Dobhal had sympathy with Jai Kirti Shah and his mother. When Kai Kirti Shah became Garhwal King in Shrinagar, Jai Kirti Shah appointed Kriparam Dobhal as Chief Minister. However, Nitya Nand Khanduri was accountant and Jagirdar (Chieftain) of Salan.
 Kriparam Dobhal corrected and improved the administration. Jai Kirti shah and other appreciated the improved administration of Kriparam Dobhal. Nitya Nand Khanduri was enraged watching the progress of his enemy.  Nitya Nand Khanduri took a vow with other selfish ministers for diminishing Kriparam Dobhal and his supporters.

            Conspiracy of Nitya Nand Khanduri against King Jai Kirti Shah

    Nitya Nand was unable to watch Kripa Ram’s rise in Garhwal court. He started to be at his home only. Nitya Nand Khanduri sent a secret letter to Jaya Nand Joshi of Kumaon Court in Almora. Nitya Nand Khanduri wrote that Kripa Ram Doval had taken whole power in his hand. Nitya Nand wrote that Kriparam Doval was busy in formulating strategy to win Kumaon for Jai Kirti Shah. Khanduri cautioned Joshis that if Kripa Ram Doval becomes successful in winning Kumaon, he would dispatch Joshis out of Kumaon. Nitya Nand Khanduri called Joshis to come to Shrinagar for killing Kriparam Dobhal and taking Pradyuman Shah to Kumaon.
 Nitya Nand Khanduri lured Joshis that Pradyuman and Parakram were minors therefore; it was Joshi to rule in Kumaon and Khanduri to rule Garhwal after death of Jai Kirti Shah and Kriparam Dobhal.
               Threats from Joshis of Kumaon

     After receiving letter from Nitya Nand Khanduri, Jaya Nand Joshi the minister of Kumaon made a strategy for attacking Garhwal. Jay Nand Joshi wrote letter to Kripa Ram Dobhal. The letter stated that after getting instruction from King Lalit Shah they (Joshis) appointed forces in Almora for diminishing Mohan Chand forever and ascending Pradyuman Shah as Kumaon King. The letter referred that the newly appointed force and old force is asking salaries. Joshi informed Dobhal that the soldiers were restless for Pradyuman Shah not arriving in Almora and their salaries. The soldiers threatened that if salaries were not paid they would attack on Shrinagar.
   Kriparam Dobhal was a deeply worried man after receiving the letter.
 Kripa Ram Dobhal got advices from his brother in laws Shri Vilas Nautiyal and Bhavanand Nautiyal and called an emergency meeting of all ministers, three groups of Negi at his residence. Nitya Nand Khanduri did not attend the meet. Kriparam Dobhal went in person to meet Nitya Nand Khanduri at his residence. Nitya Nand Khanduri pretended as ailing old man and pardoned for not attending meeting.
 Nitya Nand told a man that that Dobhal was dangerous man and wanted to get all power. Kripa Ram found that Nitya Nand wanted Jai Krit Shah out of crown and wanted to make Parakram Shah as Garhwal King. Kripa Ram Dobhal also found that Nitya Nand Khanduri invited Jay Nand to attack on Shrinagar.

               Fall of Nitya Nand Khanduri

   Kripa Ram was sure that Nitya Nand Khanduri was deceiving. Kripa Ram Doval met important ministers and elites and got them with him to help Jai Kirti Shah. He called all ministers, Bakshi, Negi, Khan, Khavas , Goldar and Faujdar to his residence. Dobhal cleared to all that Nitya Nand Khanduri wanted to get rid of Jai Kirti Shah. He cleared that who wanted Jai Kirti Shah as Garhwal King they should be with him and those wanted Jai Kirti Shah not as Garhwal King they may join Nitya Nand Khanduri.  Every minister told that they are with Jai Kirti Shah. Kripa Ram Dobhal took religious promise (Jhalikhanda) from each minister and elite to protect Garhwal King jai Kirti Shah.
 N hat same night, Kriparam captured Nitya Nand Khanduri and his all family members including his old wife and put them in Banag Garh prison. Nitya Nand Khanduri was made complete blind by putting indigo into his eyes.
 Kriparam distributed the wealth among others. Kriparam captured his Jagir and land. Kriparam became Jagirdar of Salan. Kriparam appointed Devi Datt as Daftari (accountant) in place of Nitya Nand Khanduri.
 Maularam described the above events in Garhrajvanshkavya. Maularam did not mention anything about the role of King Jai Kirti Shah.

                            Arrival of Joshis in Shrinagar
             Jaya Nand Joshi was on his way to Shrinagar as per the advice of Nitya Nand Khanduri. On the way to Shrinagar, Jaya Nand Joshi got information that Kriparam put Nitya Nand Khanduri and his family into prison. It was not possible for Jaya Nand Joshi to go back to Kumaon without visiting Shrinagar. Jay Nand Joshi was a wise man and knew to take advantage of adverse situation too. Jaya Nand Joshi reached to Shrinagar. Kriparam Dobhal sent a messenger to Jaya Nand Joshi to know the motto of Jaya Nand. Jaya Nand Joshi sent a letter that since Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah was also his King and Joshi had come to meet his King. Jaya Nand Joshi also confirmed that he had come to take Kumaon King Pradyuman Shah with him to Almora.
   Kripa Ram arranged staying facilities for Jaya Nand Joshi. On a day, Kriparam arranged meeting of Jaya Nand Joshi with the King Jai Kirti Shah.
   Jaya Nand Joshi pleaded to jai Kirti Shah to send Kumaon King Pradyuman Shah to Kumaon. Jaya Nand Joshi told to the King that since there was no King in Kumaon the subject was not ready for paying taxes and there was overdue of salaried of armed forces.
  After discussion with Kriparam Dobhal, Jai Kirti Shah agreed to send Pradyuman Shah to Almora with Joshi. However, jai Kirti Shah refused to pay the salary of armed forces from Garhwal Kingdom. Jai Kirti Shah clearly told to Jaya Nand Joshi that forces belong to Kumaon and hence it was duty of Kumaon Kingdom to settle the dues on it. Jaya Nand was now a frustrated man. He accepted that Kumaon Kingdom would look after its accounts.
 Pradyuman Shah was sent to Almora with Jaya Nand Joshi. Garhwal King offered a horse as gift to Jaya Nand Joshi. Pradyuman Shah was now as Pradyuman Chand and was sent to Almora with grace and in festive situation.
 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -416
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Early Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Early Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Early Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Early Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #166 on: August 30, 2014, 11:57:29 AM »
             History of Fall of Kripa Ram Dobhal
        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -2

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -169     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -416
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                   Authoritarian Administration by Kripa Ram Doval

               After dispatching Jaya Nand Joshi and farewell of Pradyuman Shah from Shrinagar and diminishing of Khanduri clan, Kripa Ram Doval started administrating Garhwal court with strict norms.  He centralized all power in his hands.  Kriparam Doval was chief minister, mukhtar and  Faujdar of Salan (a major source of money), He did not allow dissidents reaching to the King without his knowledge. For stopping dissidents working against him he appointed his brother in law Shrivilas Nautiyal as interior minister for the Palace and Bhavanand Nautiyal the elder brother of Shrivilas Nautiyal as exterior minister for Palace.  No person could enter palace or come without the permission of Nautiyal brothers.
 Now, it was compulsion to take permission from Kriparam Dobhal for meeting the king for subjects and administrators. Kripa Ram Dobhal started clearing the applications on behalf og the King. Kriparam Doval used to punish those who used to threaten complaining about Dobhal to the King. Work was cleared for those who used to lure Kriparam. Kriparam Dobhal appointed Dobhal people on major positions in the court.
  Kriparam Doval used to have court in his own palace. He used to take  complaints and used to offer judgment accordingly. Dobhal used to meet important administrators art his residence and used to order them from there. Kriparam Doval used to send threatening letter or strict order for Faujadars (governors or executives) of far territories.

                         Conspiracy against Dobhal by Negi Clans

               Other ministers, elites and administrators were unhappy by watching the autocracy of Kriparam Doval. Those administrators understood very well that Kriparam Dobhal would like to diminish all his enemies or others too.
 Three leaders of Negi clan Ucchav Singh Negi, Sohan Singh Negi and Deewan Singh Khatri sent letter to Minyan Ghamand Singh the Faujdar of Dehradun and his brother Minyan Kedar Singh. Negi leaders wrote in letter that “From the time you migrated to Dehradun you forgot Shrinagar. Here in Shringar, Kriparam Dobhal took power in his hands. He is killing his opponents. Kriparam does not show kindness or mildness on his opponents.  Kriparam Dobhal had appointed his men on major positions. He stopped Vriti (salary etc) to old recipients. Kriparam would be King very soon. Dobhal is going to snatch your post od Faujdar of Doon valley. Come to Shrinagar and clear this danger. Inform us when you coming.”
                    History of Minyan Ghamand Singh in Shrinagar
        Minyan Ghamand Singh and his brother decided to kill Kriparam Dobhal as soon as they would reach to Shrinagar. They took Bakshi Hari Singh of Jaunpur with them for Shrinagar. Ghamand Singh and Hari Singh marched towards Shrinagar with their own force. They reached Shrinagar and camped at Ulfata.
 In that night, most of the ministers came to meet Minyan Ghamand Singh covering them by blankets. They all took religious vow to kill Kriparam Dobhal. They all planned to kill Kriparam Dobhal and his supporters. Later on all came back.
                     Ghamand Singh Company Killing Kripa Ram Dobhal

  In morning Ghamand Singh asked his soldiers to be ready with arms and ammunition. Soldiers marched towards the palace. Musicians playing Daf music instruments were leading the soldiers.  When Kriparam came out of his residence, he found that soldiers of Ghamand Singh were roaming all the corners of Shrinagar.
 The informer came to Kripa Ram Dobhal and informed that he should be cautious as conspirators (Ghamand Singh) might kill him. However, Kriparam told to the informer that Ghamand Singh was his friend and he would not do anything wrong. The guards asked Kriparam about taking precautions against Ghamand Singh. Kriparam told to his guards not to worry from Ghamand Singh side. Guars became careless in allover Shrinagar from Ghamand Singh side.
     Kriparam Dobhal went to court as usual. King was on his seat. Devi Datt, Bhavanand Nautiyal, Shrivilas Nautiyal, Dhaniram Dobhal the son of Kriparam and others were sitting n their seats.
 Ghamand Singh , Hari Singh and their major soldiers entered to the court after some time. After saluting the King, Ghamand Singh and Hari Singh sat near Kriparam Dobhal. There was dead  silence in the court.
  Kriparam Dobhal told,” Ghamand Singh! Now, you met the King. Yu go to rest in your camp and come in the pre-evening. You are great Faujdar of Dehradun and we appreciate you.  Whatever would be your suggestions would be dealt with positive frame of minds by the King.”
Ghamand Singh understood that Kriparam is luring him. Minyan Ghamand Singh was sure that if this situation is delayed he would not be able to kill Kriparam Dobhal.
 Ghamand Singh went before the King and saluted him with honoring words. Ghamand Singh came towards Kriparam Dobhal pretending him to offer coins bag. In the mean time, Hari Singh and his soldiers caught Kriparam. Soldiers of Ghamand Singh caught other ministers related to Kriparam and tied them. An assistant took the King on his lap and jumped from the court and ran towards palace.
 Kriparam was uttering bad words for Ghamand Singh. Ghamand Singh beheaded Kriparam Dobhal in the palace. There was total silence allover Shrinagar. Nobody came out of residence. There was total strike in the city.
 Shrivilas Nautiyal, Bhavanand Nautiyal Dhaniram Dobhal ran towards palace.
          The King was sitting on his Kharokha of palace. Gamand Singh came before Jharokha and told to the King that since Kriparam had become dictator he killed him. Ghamand Singh requested the King to rule as usual. King appointed Ghamand Singh as Chief Minister of the Kingdom and strike was declared off.
                Prison supporters of Kriparam Dobhal
  Next morning, Ghamand Singh came again before Jharokha of palce. Ghamand Singh asked the King to hand over supporters of Kriparam Dobhal. The King told that since, supporters of Kriparam were in his shelter it was wrong on part of a Rajput King not to protect those were in asylums. Ghamand Singh promised that they would not be killed but would be kept in prison for a short time.
  After getting religious promise from Ghamand Singh, the King handed over Devi Datt, Shrivilas Nautiyal, Bhavanand Nautiyal and Dhaniram Dobhal to Ghamand Singh. Ghamand Singh put  Devi Datt Shrivilas Nautiyal, Bhavanand Nautiyal Dhaniram Dobhal into prison.
 


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 30/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -417
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal; History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal in context History of Dobh Garhwal; History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal in context History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Fall of Kriparam Dobhal in context History of Haridwar Garhwal;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #167 on: August 31, 2014, 12:17:45 PM »
                       History of Fall of Minyan Ghamand Singh
        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -3

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -170     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -417
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

   After Minyan Ghamand Singh taking charge as Chief Minister of Garhwal Kingdom, ministry started working as usual. Ministers were attending court in morning and afternoon. However, Minyan Ghamand Singh also proved to be authoritarian. Minyan Ghamand Singh started taking decision without taking advices from ministers and elites. He was more atrocious than Kripa Ram Dobhal. Due to his atrociousness other ministers and elites became his opponents. Ghamand Singh had his own strong army with him in Shrinagar. Therefore, goldar (police and army officers) did not oppose Ghamand Singh openly. Goldar were afraid that Ghamand Singh would fire them from their posts.
                       Conspiracy of Goldar (defense and police officers)

   Due to a couple of orders, the Goldar were terrified. Vijay Ram Negi was paternal uncle of Ajabram Negi. Vijay Ram and Ajab ram belonged to Kainyur of Chopdakot of Chaundkot region. Both were Goldar in Shrinagar court. Vijay Ram requested Ghamand Singh for his salary as he was going to his village for marriage of his niece. Ghamand Singh refused to pay his salary. Vijay Ram went to his village without taking proper permission from anybody. Ghamand Singh was displeased by behavior of Vijay Ram. The ministers told to Ghamand Singh that “you had become atrocious and do not take their advices. You did not pay salary to Vijay Ram. We don’t like your dictatorship. You go back to Doon (Dehradun).” The ministers requested him to kill Nauityals and Dobhals. Ghamadn Singh refused to do so as he had taken vow not to kill them.
   Ghamand Singh complained to the King about the misbehavior of ministers. The weak King was pleased by knowing the fraction among Ghamand Singh and other ministers. He ordered Ghamand Singh to correct the ministers. The King spread the news that he was ill.
 The ministers became afraid that now Ghamand Singh would finish them.
 Ajab Ram Negi went to see the King with Ghamand Singh. Ajab ram Negi got money for his sister’s marriage from the king.

  Conspiracy of Goldar against Ghamand Singh in Kainyuar Chaundkot
 
        Dhannu Gaddi the Chief Commander of Garhwal army in Kumaon that was sent with Lalit Shah, his assistants Lachman, Baliya and Kewal Gaddi the Goldar from Shrinagar met in Kainyuar, Chaundkot.  They planned that after the marriage of sister of Ajab Ram they would attack on Ghamand Singh. Three Negi leaders of Shrinagar were also with that party for diminishing Ghamand Singh.
                          Letter from Goldars
   Goldar sent letter to Minyan Ghamand Singh that he was regularly paying salaries to his army but did not pay salaries to armed forces but not paying salaries for other Goldars. Goldar threatened Ghamand Singh that if he did not pay their salaries they would attack on Shrinagar.
   Ghamand Singh showed the letter to Ministers and the King in Shrinagar. The ministers 9infact they were with Goldar in conspiracy) told that the army under Dhannu Gaddi was Garhwal army in Kumaon. Ministers suggested Ghamand Singh to pay salary of force under Gaddi. There was no enough money in the treasury. He could not send payment to Dhannu Gaddi.
  Goldar send threatening letter again to Minyan Ghamand Singh.

                             Attack on Shrinagar
             Now, goldar were not in waiting mood. Goldar marched towards Shrinagar with Sovan Singh Negi (a messenger of Ghamand Singh who brought letter of Ghamand Singh). Ajab Rram attacked on Shrinagar. Most of ministers went in the camp of Ajab Ram.   
 Ghamand Singh freed Shrivilas Nautiyal, Bhava Nand Nautiyal, Dhaniram Dobhal and Devi Datt. Ghamand Singh told them that he was going forward to defuse the rebel (Goldar and ministers) and asked Nautiyals to protect Shrinagar.
    Armies of Ajab Ram, Vijaya Ram,  Dhannu Gaddi , Kewal gaddi surrounded the army of Ghamand Singh from all sides. The battle started between them.
  Then a commander Ummed Singh came to Goldar with request to stop war and come to Shrinagar to administrate. Maularam wrote that he offered gold coins to them.
                   Court Poet Maularam Protecting Shrivilas Nautiyal and Party
 The rumor spread that Goldar forces captured Shrinagar and now the force would kill Ghamand Singh.
   In night, Shrivilas Nautiyal, Devi Datt and Dhaniram Dobhal went to Maularam for getting protection from Goldar leaders (as in past, ministers and Goldar wanted to kill Nautiyal and Dobhal party and Ghamand Singh protected them due to his vow). 
    Maularam sent a letter to Ajab Ram to allow him to get asylum to Shrivilas, Devi Datt and Dhaniram. Maularam informed that Nautiyal party would help to Ajab Ram party.
   Ajab Ram came to Shrinagar. Ghamand Singh was in Ulfata with his army. Baliya and Kewal Ram had force at Ojhabag. Lachman was at Damki just opposite of Ghamand Singh’s force. Vijay Ram had camp at Harbans Haveli, Dhannu Gaddi was managing force at Ganga bank and Ajab Ram was at Chaunri (terrace). There was gun firing from all sides on the army of Ghamand Singh. In night, Ghamand Singh ran away from Shrinagar. Goldars followed Ghamand Singh and Ghamand Singh ran to plains away from Garhwal territory. A commander Kedar Singh from the force of Doon also ran to plains away from Garhwal.
   Maularam reached to the king in night with Shrivilas Nautiyal and party. The King was pleased to see Nautiyal party alive.
  Next day, the King Jai Kirti Shah invited all Goldars in the court and pardoned all Goldars. He asked them to administrate well. There was peace for some time after fall of Ghamand Singh.
   Jai Kirti Shah appointed Ummed Singh as Faujdar (Governor) of Doon valley.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 31/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -418
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #168 on: September 02, 2014, 11:51:45 AM »
           History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Kar in Garhwal

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -4

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -171     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -418
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                   Sikhs Attacking on Dehradun

                   When Garhwal Court administrators were busy in infighting, Sikh, Gujjar and Rajput were busy in raiding and looting Doon valley villages.
 In 1783, Baghel Singh a Sikh Sardar of Sikh looters was ruler of Karodsinghi/Panjghadiya Misal. It was easy for his army to raid on  Sirmaur, Doon valley of Garhwal, Sahranpur, Haridwar and Bhabhar Garhwal and come easily after looting the subjects. Baghel Singh had strong 12000 Cavalier soldiers.
    Baghel Singh looted Saharanpur, Haridwar and marched towards Doab or Awadh by crossing Ganga River. Awadh naba could stop Baghel Singh. The soldiers of Baghel Singh invaded Dehradun or Doon valley. Garhwal army neither had arms to resist Baghel Singh army nor did they have courage to fight with enthusiastic soldiers of Baghel Singh.
   The people of Doon started fleeing here and there from Sikh invaders. Some people kept their costly belongings into Guru Ram Rai Durbar Sahib. It is said that soldiers did not loot Guru Ram Rai Durbar Sahib but did not leave anything from the houses nearby Guru Ram Rai Durbar. Sikh looters burnt tens of villages too.
       There was high feminine in Punjab in 1783 and Sikhs started roaming and looting Saharanpur, Haridwar, Dehradun and Bhabhar regions.
                Rakhi or Kambali Tax by Sikh Looters
  Maratha invaders used to levy ‘Chauth’ and ‘Sirdesmukhi’ tax those wanted peace from them. Sikhs started levying ‘Rakhi’ (protection) tax from nearby regions. The job of tax collector Sikhs was to protect people from other looters. Sikh looters used to collect one fifth of harvesting from people as ‘Rakhi’ tax.  The tax was also called as ‘Kambali’ as the value of tax used to equal to a blanket. Sikh Looters divided their territories for collecting ‘Rakhi’ or ‘Kambali’ tax.
  East India Company took charge of protecting Awdh from Sikh invaders. Therefore, Sikhs used to invade Doon, Haridwar and Bhabhar regularly. People were under tension and painful life. Garhwal King agreed to pay four thousand rupees as ‘Rakhi’ or ‘Kambali’ tax to Sikh invaders that they would not loot Garhwal territory.
        Sikh Sardars used to come to Doon and Bhabhar and used to collect money. There was no protection for the family who deny paying tax to Sikh Sardar.  Copying Sikh Sardar many Turks in the form of Sikh also started from Kolkatta coming to Bhabhar, Haridwar, Dehradun and Saharanpur for collecting ‘Rakhi’ or ‘Kambali’ tax. Apart paying ‘Rakhi’ or Kambali’ tax villagers used to welcome the Sardar due to terror.
 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 2/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -419
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
           History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ in Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Tax in Lal Dhang Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Tax in Kotdwara Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ in Bhabhar Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ in Dehradun Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Tax  in Dhamawala Dehradun , Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ Tax in Raipur, Dehradun Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ in Rajpur Dehradun, Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ tax in Haridwar Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ tax in Rurkee Haridwar Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ tax in Sakrauda Haridwar Garhwal; History of Sikh ‘Rakhi Tax’ or Kambali’ tax in Manglaur Haridwar Garhwal;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #169 on: September 03, 2014, 11:05:33 AM »
History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -5

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -172     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -419
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

  After pushing Ghamand Singh out from Garhwal, Ajab Ram Negi became a strong administrator. Garhwal King appointed Ajab Ram Negi as Mukhtyar of the court. King returned back Shrivilas Nautiyal, Bhava Nand Nautiyal, Dhaniram Dobhal and Devi Datt their court positions.  King did not have control on Ajab Ram Negi, Vijay Ram Negi and other administrators too. Jai Kirti Shah was simply a helpless King.
             Goldars or police officers were under the influence of Ajab Ram Negi. Ajab Ram instigated the Goldars for asking salaries from King Jai Kirti Shah. Dhannu Gaddi and his armed forces surrounded the palace.  Garhwal King called Ajab Ram and asked him to have solution that there was peace in the Kingdom and Goldar gets salary and jobs. King asked Ajab Ram to pay some portion of salaries to soldiers.
          However, Ajab Ram put a condition that if he was appointed the Faujdar of Salan he would calm down the revolt of Goldar by paying or punishing.
  The King made Ajab Ram understand that Salan was the source of income for the palace, families of King etc. The King showed inability for offering Ajab Ram Negi the position of Faujdar of Salan. The King offered the Faujdar of Dehradun position to Ajab Ram Negi. Ajab Ram was in fume. He went away from the court.

                   Secret connection of Ajab Ram with Parakram Chand the Kumaon King
 
   Ajab ram sent a message with Kishanu to Parakram Chand in Almora. Ajab ram stated that if he was made the Faujdar of Salan he would help Parakram Chand to become Garhwal King too. Parakram provided written acceptance to Ajab Ram.
           On behalf of Parakram Chand (Shah) the Kumaon King, Ajab ram and his Goldars surrounded palace. Ajab Ram threatened the King that he should pay salaries of soldiers within three days or  should be ready for the consequences.
                 Wise Strategy by Maularam

                  The King called his aids Shrivilas and Bhava Nand to chalk out strategy to defend the revolt of Ajab Ram. They could not suggest any concrete strategy. The King called Maularam. Maularam suggested a dividing the Goldars strategy.
  Maularam requested to get ten thousand rupees coins from the King. Garhwal King offered rupees ten thousand to Maularam.
            Maularam called Deevan or advisor of Kewal Gaddi the accountant of Goldar Baliya at his residence. Maularam offered them one thousand rupees. Maularam told that the King was ready to settle the salaries of Goldars. Deevan of Kewal and accountant of Baliya brought their bosses to the residence of Maularam. Maularam handed over ten thousand rupees to Kewal and Baliya Goldar. They were pacified and pleased by Maularam.
      In night, Kewal and Baliya  put their soldiers at strategic positions to protect the palace. In morning, Dhannu Gaddi and Ajab Ram were shocked to see the soldiers protecting the palace.
      Ajab Ram asked Kewal, “Why did you put your soldiers surrounding the palace?”
      Kewal Gaddi answered that they were the employees of the Kingdom and not of Ajab Ram and Dhannu Gaddi. Kewal exposed the meanness of Dhannu Gaddi and Ajab Ram.
        Ajab ram, Vijay ram and Dhannu Gaddi escaped with their solders to have shelter under Parakram in Kumaon.
                   Sovan Singh, Uccchab Singh and Deewan Singh were killed as punishment as they supported the rebelian acts of Ghamand Singh, Goldars and Ajabram.
  Bhava Nand and Shrivilash Nautiyal were appointed   at the high position in the court but they again became atrocious administrators and they were dispatched from Shrinagar. Maularam did not mention about them after mentioning the above events.
 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -420
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Conspiracy by Ajabram Negi against Garhwal King in context History of Haridwar Garhwal;

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