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Author Topic: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD  (Read 144112 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #170 on: September 04, 2014, 10:52:52 AM »
               History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -6

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -173     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -420
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

               Reappointment of Ajab Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in Garhwal Court
   Ajab Ram Negi got information that Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah removed Nautiyal group from the court, he marched towards Shrinagar with his force. There is no mention by Maularam about resistances to Ajab Ram Negi from Garhwal force and forces of Goldars.
        Ajab Ram called Ghamand Singh to Shrinagar. Garhwal King returned their positions to them.  In compulsion situation, King Jay Kirt Shah appointed Ajab Ram as Faujdar, Vijay Ram as Goldar, Ghamand Singh as Mukhtyar and Kedar Singh as Faujdar of Dehradun.
  Now, Jai Kirti shah was compelled to play the orders of Ajab ram and company.

     Ajab Ram inviting Pradyuman and Parakram for attacking on Garhwal

  The King tried to interference on the autocracy of Ajab Ram and company. Ajab Ram sent message to king of Kumaon Pradyuman Chand (Shah) and his brother Parakram to attack on Garhwal.
             Taking help of Sirmaur King Jagat Prakash
          When the King came to know that Pradyuman and Parakram were to reach Shrinagar with force, he went to take advice of Maularam.
             Maularam wanted to visit Jagat Prakash the King of Sirmaur for help. However, King did not allow Maularam to go far away from Shrinagar. Maularam had influence on Jagat Prakash.
         Maularam sent an emotional letter to Jagat Prakash for helping Garhwal King.
                     Battle of Kaproli
  Jagat Prakash reached to Shrinagar with his force. However, before Jagat Prakash could reach Shrinagar, the force of Pradyuman and Parakram surrounded Shrinagar. Vijay Ram with his soldiers also came to help Pradyuman and Parakram. In the mean time, Jagat Prakash reached to border of Shrinagar. 
            There was fierce battle between army of Jagat Prakash with armies of Kumaon and armed forces of Vijay Ram and Ghamand Singh. Vijay ram Negi was killed in the battle. Ghamand Singh ran away from the battle for his life. Soldiers of Jagat Prakash followed Ghamand Singh and killed Ghamand Singh.
            Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash defeated Pradyuman Chand (Shah) and Parakram Shah. They both ran towards Kumaon.
      Jagat Prakash freed Jai Kirti Shah/Jay Kirt Shah from the force of Ajab Ram and company.
        Jagat Prakash advised Jai Kirti Shah/Jay Kirt Shah to attack on Kumaon with help of Sirmaur army.
    Garhwal King had discussion with Garhwal administrators. All administers advised the King that whatever the result would come Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash would ask salaries for his soldiers and Garhwal –Kumaon treasury was not able to pay that much salaries.
 Garhwal King did not agree for invading Kumaon with the help of Sirmur King Jagat Prakash army.
    Sirmur King Jagat Prakash was given a heartily farewell with lakh of rupees, grains, gifts and gem garland by Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah.
The above description was detailed by Maularam in his Garhrajvanshkavya. Dr Dabral depended on Maularam for writing history of Jai Kirti Shah/Jay Kirt Shah.
This author did try to find out about Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash visiting Garhwal from other sources. However, no other historian mentions about Sirmur King Jagat Prakash coming to Shrinagar, Garhwal.
   

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -421
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh; History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Haridwar, Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Dehradun Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Tehri Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Chamoli Garhwal History;  History of Fall of Vijay Ram Negi and Ghamand Singh in context Pauri Garhwal History;  History of Jagat Prakash (King of Sirmoor/Sirmur, Sirmaur) Himachal Pradesh; History of Sirmoor, History of Sirmour, History of Sirmur

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #171 on: September 05, 2014, 12:01:07 PM »
History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -7

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -174     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -421
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

 After returning of Sirmur King Jagat Prakash, Garhwal King planned to visit Rajrajeshwari temple the family ritual temple of Garhwal Kings in Navaratri. Rajrajeshwari temple was established in Devalgarh the old capital of Garhwal. Jai Kirti Shah took ritual materials and other valuables.
                Quite a few treachery Garhwal administrators informed Pradyuman Chand (Kumaon King) about Jai Kirti Shah Visit to Rajrajeshwari temple at Devalgarh.   It was obvious that at this juncture, King would not take his full force.
 According to Kumaoni folklore, Pradyuman force led by Joshi brothers raided on Devalgarh temple on Vijayadashami festival. The King had less soldiers and he could not protect himself from Joshi force. King Jai Kirti Shah had to flee from Rajrajeshwari temple, Devalgarh.  Joshi force looted ample of wealth from Rajrajeshwari temple.
  When Jai Kirti Shah escaped away, the treachery administrators reached to Pradyuman Chand in Kumaon.
                  Looting Library by Joshi Pundits
   When Joshi’s soldiers were busy in looting villages nearby Rajrajeshwari temple a few Joshi Pundits reached to Pokhari village of Bahuguna Pundits.  Joshi Pundits looted the manuscripts available in library collected and created by Medhakar Bahuguna Shastri, Ram Datt Bahuguna, Bharat Kavi and other scholars. There were manuscripts on grammar, Dharma, Tantra, mantra, Ved, Poetries, Astrolgy, Medicines, Karmkand etc. Joshi took those manuscripts with them.
                        Destruction of Shrinagar
      Pradyuman Chand (Shah) reached to Shrinagar with hi s force. Perhaps supporters (elites, people and few soldiers) of Jai Kirti Shah resisted Pradyuman Chand. Subject did not go to see Pradyuman Chand. The city citizens burnt their houses and ran away from Shrinagar.
 Pradyuman Chand (Shah) was in Shrinagar for three years. After three years, he went to Almora.
 According to Atkinson, Parakram was representing Pradyuman shah in Almora till Pradyuman was in Shrinagar. The administration of Parakram was not able administration. Maularam did not mention about Parakram. There are no inscriptions available of Parakram.
 Parakram came back to Shrinagar with Pradyuman Chand (Shah) in 1785.
 There is difference between Kumaoni folklore and description of Maularam.  Rudri Datt Pant described the Kumaoni folklore and does not match the logical sequences.
                         Last Effort by Jai Kirti Shah
       When Pradyuman went back to Almora from Shrinagar, Jai Kirti Shah came back to Shrinagar. Jai Kirti Shah captured the Kingdom and started ruling. Jaya Nand Joshi was no more alive. Harsh Dev Joshi was being treated as the most cunning person. Kumaon Kingdom was busy in conspiracies and counter conspiracies of administrators among themselves. Therefore, Harsh Dev Joshi and Pradyuman Chand could not send force to resist Jai Kirti Shah.
            Important Garhwal Kingdom administrators were not supporting Jai Kirti Shah. Ajab Ram and his party were interested in ascending Prarakram shah on the crown. Jai Kirti Shah did not have force and money too.  Dhaniram Dobhal and a few administrators were supporting Jai Kirti Shah. However, Ajab ram Negi had upper hands in Shrinagar.
               Request to Sirmur King Jagat Prakash for Help

                 In past the Sirmaur King Jagat Prakash helped Jai Kirti Shah and Jai Kirti Shah offered Jagat Prakash money and jewls and Doon Jagir.
           Now, again, Kai Kirti Shah sent Dhani Ram to Nahan to meet Jagat Prakash. Due to different situation at that time, Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash refused to help Garhwal King. Dhani Ram Dobhal persuaded mater for many days but Sirmur King Jagat Prakash did not agree for rescuing Garhwal King from the difficulties.
                   Betrayal by Dhani Ram Dobhal
      Dhaniram Dobhal came back to Shrinagar without any help from Jagat Prakash.
      Dhaniram Dobhal asked money from Jai Kirti Shah for organizing and employing force. Jai Kirti Shah made Dhaniram Dobhal to understand the situation. Jai Kirti Shah told Dhaniram to arrange money as he was chief minister. Dhaniram Dobhal betrayed the King. Dhaniram surrounded the palace of Jai Kirti Shah by his own force.  It was a shock for Jai Kirti Shah as in past , Jai Kirti shah saved the life of Nautiyals and Dhaniram Dobhal from Ghamand Singh.
 Jai Kirti Shah sent a jewel box for saving his life from deceitful Dhani Ram.
                          Death of Jai Kirti
      Watching the mean acts of Dhaniram, Jai Kirti Shah was in restless situation. Jai Kirti Shah came to Dev Prayag. He died after four days in Dev Prayag.
   Four wives of Jai Kirti Shah burnt with his dead body (became Sati). They all were childless. Those wives cursed Pradyuman, Parakram and administrators for deceiving the King and cursed that they would see worst days in future.
  When Jai Kirti Shah died in Dev Prayag, his properties were looted. In Shrinagar too, the state properties and King’s properties was looted by administers as Ajab ram Negi.
                       Character of Jai Kirti Shah
               Lait Shah mistreated his eldest son Jai Kirti from the childhood. Jai Kirti shah was kind hearted and believed on his people too. However, he was always deceived by his own men and brothers.
 His ruling period would be remembered for conspiracies and counter conspiracies among administrators and King family members.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 5/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -422
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Shrinagar Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Devalgarh Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Rajrajeshwari Mandir Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context village Pokhari Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Chalansyun Patti, Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Chamoli Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Tehri –Uttarkashi Garhwal History; History of Joshiyani (Repression of Kumaoni Joshis) in Garhwal in context Dehradun –Haridwar - Garhwal History;

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #172 on: September 06, 2014, 12:31:51 PM »
        History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part-1

        History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -8

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -175     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -422
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
     
              Getting Garhwal Kingdom by Pradyuman Shah
         Pradyuman Chand (Shah) the Kumaon King and his brother Parakram Shah were in Kumaon when Jai Kirti Shah died in Dev Prayag.
   After getting information of death of Jai Kirti Shah, Pradyuman Shah, Parakram Shah and Harsh Dev Joshi marched to Shrinagar with their army. A couple of Garhwal Kingdom administrators wanted that Parakram should rule on Shrinagar Garhwal and Pradyuman Should be the Kumaon King. Harsh Dev had influence of Pradyuman. Harsh Dev Joshi wanted that Pradyuman Shah should rule on both the Kingdom that Joshi become actual ruler of Garhwal and Kumaon as Pradyuman was puppet of Harsh Dev Joshi.
 According to Walton, Pradyuman was in Shrinagar at the time of death of Jai Kirti Shah and he declared himself the Garhwal King. However, Maularam did not mention the said statement of Walton in Garhrajvansh Kavya.
                     Murder of Ajab Ram Negi
               Ajab Ram Negi wanted Parakram Shah as Garhwal King that he could become the whole in charge of Garhwal. Ajab Ram Negi was well aware of cunning conspiracies of Harsh Dev Joshi. Harsh Dev Joshi was aware about Ajab Ram opposing him (Joshi).  Harsh Dev Joshi arranged murder of Ajab Ram Negi.
 Pradyuman Shah became the Garhwal King and was as Pradyuman Chand the Kumaon King.

                Harsh Dev Returning to Kumaon
  Garhwal Kingdom administrators were worried by the presence of Harsh Dev Joshi in Shrinagar. Garhwal Kingdom administrators created such condition that Harsh Dev Joshi had to leave Shrinagar for Almora.

                      Ruling Period of Pradyuman Shah
    There are following suggestions for Pradyuman Shah Period-

Becket – 1786-1804
Raturi-  1797- 1804
Mukandilal – 1785-1804
The copper inscriptions of Pradyuman Chand are from 1781-1784. Therefore, it could be said the period as 1784/85-1804.




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -423
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #173 on: September 07, 2014, 12:42:03 PM »
           History of King Pradyuman Shah Loosing Kumaon Kingdom

        History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part-2
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -176     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -423
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                 Opposition of Harsh Dev in Kumaon

           Harsh Dev returned to Kumaon in 1785, after ascending Pradyuman Shah as Garhwal King in Shrinagar.
          The supporter of Harsh Dev Joshi the cunning but very sophisticated person Jaya Nand Joshi died. The administrators, elites and important personalities of Kumaon were well aware of cruelty, cunningness, selfishness of Harsh Dev.  There was sharp increase in opponents of Harsh Devi Joshi in Kumaon. They were fed up from continuous conspired acts of Joshi.
               Mohan Chand Attacking on Kumaon
 
          Mohan Chand was spending his time in exile. When Mohan Chand came to know about opposition of Joshi in Almora, Mohan Chand attacked on Kumaon with his brother Lal Singh and Kashipur Deewan. 
        Coming to know about attack by Mohan Chand, Pradyuman Shah reached Naithana Garh with his army to fight back with Mohan Chand. Pradyuman Shah asked his sopporters to come to Naithana Garh.
            Parakram Supporting to Mohan Chand
    Younger brother of Pradyuman Shah helped Mohan Chand and sent his army to help Mohan Chand.
                 Paligaon Battle
               There was battle between Mohan Chand army and Pradyuman army at Paligaon (Patti Tala Daura). Many soldiers of Kumaon did not support to Pradyuman as he was perceive that he was Kumaon King but by heart he was Garhwali.
           Mohan Chand won the battle of Paligaon. Pradyuman and Harsh Dev Joshi returned to Shrinagar.
         Treaty between Mohan Chand and Parakram
          Mohan Chand got back his Kingdom. Parakram and Mohan Chand had treaty. They decided that Parakram would be King of Garhwal and Mohan Chand would rule on Kumaon. Parakram insisted that since his army and Mohan Chand army defeated Garhwal or Pradyuman Army, now he was real King of Garhwal.
                Groups in Garhwal Kingdom
       Parakram declared him as Garhwal King. Parakram sent order to Garhwal administrators that they should obey his order and not of Pradyuman Shah.
            Now, there were two major groups of administrators in Shrinagar – supporters of Pradyuman and supporters of Parakram. The supporters of Pradyuman were called ‘Raj-Mantri’ and supporters of Parakram were called as ‘Kunwar Mantri’.
 The administration was in turmoil. Both the groups were ready for last war. Both groups started appointing soldiers for their sides.   There was always the situation of civil war in Shrinagar or whole of Garhwal.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 7/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -424
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of King Pradyuman Shah Loosing Kumaon Kingdom; History of King Pradyuman Shah Loosing Kumaon Kingdom in context Kumaon History; History of King Pradyuman Shah Loosing Kumaon Kingdom in context Garhwal History; History of King Pradyuman Shah Loosing Kumaon Kingdom in context Haridwar History; History of King Mohan Chand getting back  Kumaon Kingdom in context Kumaon History; History of King Mohan Chand getting back  Kumaon Kingdom in context Garhwal History;

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #174 on: September 08, 2014, 11:10:41 AM »
  History of Rohilla Chieftain Ghulam Qadir Capturing Doon Valley

 History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part-3
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -177     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -424 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
                                 History of Ghulam Qadir

             Pradyuman Shah lost control over Doon valley after losing Kumaon kingdom. Jai Kirti shah offered Jagir to Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash but he was just a tax collector and not King of Doon.
              Rohilla Nabab Nazeeb ud-Ulla the Grandfather of Ghulam Quadir had rule on Dehradun from 1757-1770. Garhwal King got back Doon valley.
   Ruhilla/Rohilla chieftain Ghulam Qadir captured back his many Jagirs back after death of his father Jabita Khan. In May 1785, Ghulam Qadir made run away the Tax collectors of Maratha and got control on upper Doab. He appointed his own tax collectors in place of Tax collectors of Maratha. Ghulam Quadir captured small Jagirs of small Jagirdars (chieftains) who became free in his father’s time. He took back Haridwar and Saharanpur region. Now, free Jagirdars were under Ghulam Quadir.

                      History of Bloodshed in Doon Valley by Ghulam Qadir

                 In 1786, Rohilla/Ruhilla Chieftain Ghulam Qadir entered Dehradun via Haridwar.  His army was spreading terror by burning village by villages from Haridwar to Dehradun. His army was killing innocents of villages.
  There was bloodshed in each village travelled by Ghulam Quadir from Haridwar to Dehradun. He started burning huts and houses in Dehradun. To spread more terror he ordered his army to kill cows and bulls before Hindus and adult the Hindu worship places.
            Ghulam Quadir entered into Guru Ram Rai Durbar. His army split cow blood on the Samadhi (burial place) of Guru Ram Rai and other Mahants. Ghulam Quadir laid down on the Samadhi of Guru Ram Rai for insulting followers of Guru Ram Rai.
  Ummed Singh was Governor of Dehradun of Garhwal Kingdom. Ummed Singh took subordination of Ghulam Qadir and Ummed Singh ruled Dehradun till 1789 as Governor of Ghulam Quadir.

                   History of Fall of Rohilla/Ruhilla Chieftain Ghulam Qadir
     
     Ghulam Quadir became insane after adultery deeds of Guru Ram Rai Samadhi.    Ghulam Quadir wanted to become Bakshi of Mughal Empire.  He took his force and reached to Delhi (17th June 1788,. Army of Ghulam Quadir captured Delhi and compelled Mughal Emperor to appoint him as Bakshi. Mughal Emperor Shah Alam appointed him as Bakshi of Mughal Empire. Ghulam Quadir dethroned Alam Shah from Emperorship. Ghulam Qadir ordered to pierce the  eyes of Emperor by needle  and put out eyes of Alam Shah and made him blind. Ghulam Qadir ordered his army to kill family members of Emperor.  Army killed family members of Emperor including women and children. Army raped the women and girls of Emperor Families. Army of Ghulam Qadir applied all brutal and oppressive methods for spreading terror in Delhi.
 After two months, Maratha Sardar Mahadaji Scindia/Shinde followed Ghulam Qadir and brutally killed him 0n 2nd October 1788.
 


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 8/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -425
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Rohilla Chieftain Ghulam Qadir Capturing Doon Valley; History of Rohilla Chieftain Ghulam Qadir Capturing Dehradun ;  History of Rohilla Ghulam Qadir Capturing Hardiwar;  History of Rohilla Ghulam Qadir Capturing Saharanpur;  History of Rohilla Ghulam Qadir Capturing Doon Valley in context Garhwal History; History of Rohilla Ghulam Qadir Capturing in context Haridwar History
 
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #175 on: September 09, 2014, 08:44:21 AM »
                  History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon
 
 History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part-4
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -178     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -425 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
               Mohan Chand Escaping from Kumaon
         When there was high tension between Pradyuman Shah and his brother Parakram Shah for the King post in Shrinagar, there as disturbances in Kumaon Kingdom too. Harsh Dev Joshi was trying hard to collect army in Tarai against Kumaon King Mohan Chand. Harsh Dev Joshi requested Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah for help. However, Pradyuman Shah was already entangled with his brother Parakram Shah for the control on Kingdom. Harsh Dev Joshi attacked on Kumaon with huge army in 1788.
             Mohan Chand forcefully collected higher tax from the people with the help of Fartyal and Mahra Groups. People were against Mohan Chand.  Soldiers were dissatisfied on Mohan Chand for not getting salaries. Careless Mohan Chand did not know that Harsh Dev reached Sitauli- Railkoti of Havalbagh with his army. When Mohan Chand came to the coming of Harsh Dev Joshi he tried to dfend Kumaon Kingdom. There were battles in Sitauli and Raikoti. Harsh Dev Joshi army killed Bishan Singh the brother of Mohan Chand. Army of Mohan Chand ran away. Harsh Dev Joshi captured Mohan Chand and his brother Lal Singh. Harsh Dev Joshi freed Lal Singh. Joshi killed Mohan Chand in prison.
                                       Invitation to Pradyuman Shah
               Now, Harsh Dev Joshi was whole and sole of Kumaon Kingdom. However, Harsh Dev Joshi was aware that no Kumaoni would accept a Brahmin as their King. Harsh Dev Joshi was in search of a puppet Rajput King for Kumaon.
               Harsh Dev Joshi sent message to Pradyuman Shah for coming to Almora for taking charge of throne. Pradyuman had bad experiences in Almora and he refused to come to Almora. 
Parakram wanted that son of Mohan Chand would be Kumaon King.
        Harsh Dev Joshi appointed Shiv Singh Rautela (Chand family member) the Kumaon King as Shiv Chand.
  Lal Singh (brother of Mohan Chand) attacked on Kumaon with the help of Rampur Nabab. Harsh Dev Joshi was defeated and he along with Shiv Chand ran away towards Garhwal. He took shelter in Ulkagarh of Garhwal. Lal Singh followed Harsh Dev Joshi  till Ulkagarh. Harsh Dev Joshi defeated lal Singh and pushed lal Singh to Koshi River. Parakram Shah sent his army to help Lal Singh. Now, Lal Singh defeated Harsh Dev Joshi.
Harsh Dev Joshi ran away to Shrinagar
                    Mahendra Chand as Kumaon King
           Parakram Shah reached to Almora and with the help of Lal Singh, he ascended Mahendra Chand (son of Mohan Chand) as Kumaon King. Lal Singh centralized the power in hishands. He killed Joshis of Joshi group, he put many Joshis in jail and some Joshi ran away from Kumaon.

                         Jagir for Harsh Dev Joshi
  Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah offered Jagir to Harsh Dev Joshi. Harsh Dev Joshi was made Jagirdar of Paidalsyun and he settled in Joshiyana Ganv with his family. However, Parakram planned to capture Harsh Dev Joshi. Harsh Dev Joshi ran away to Bareli in 1789.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 9/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -426
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon; History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon in context Pauri Garhwal History; History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon in context Dehradun Garhwal History; History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon in context Haridwar Garhwal History; History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History; History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon in context Tehri Garhwal History; History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; History of Dramatically Disturbances in Kumaon in context Chamoli Garhwal History;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #176 on: September 10, 2014, 11:10:29 AM »
 History of Mismanagement in Dehradun in Pradyuman Period

History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part-4
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -178     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -425 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                           Looting in Dehradun

          After death of Ghulam Qadir, the small chieftains, looters from nearby territories started looting, raiding in Dehradun.  Ummed Singh became governor of Garhwal now.  However, by not getting sufficient army from Shrinagar, Ummed Singh was unable to resist Looters of Dehradun.
             Sikhs looters were crueler in collecting Rakhi tax. Rajput looters from Saharanpur, Haridwar were also not behind looting Doon valley.  There was no sanctity of officers administrating Doon.
                Khushhalpur Battle
  Jai Kirti Shah appointed Sirmoor King Jagat Prakash as Jagirdar of Doon valley for collecting tax. His brother Dharma Prakash made it clear that he was King of Doon valley. Dharama Prakash declared him as King of Doon valley and sent his resident officer in Prithwipur of Doon.
           After getting information, Parakram came to Doon with army. He crushed the looters of Doon in Dehradun and came to Khushhalpur fort where Sirmoor army was there. Parakram and his army defeated Sirmoor army and pushed them towards Sirmoor.
              Dharam Prakash sent Prince Inshwar Singh with new army to Khushhalpur to defeat Parakram. Sirmoor army defeated army of Parakram. Parakram and his army ran to Shrinagar. There was rule of Sirmoor on Doon valley. Sirmoor gazette  states the year of Khushhalpur battle as 1793.
                               Help from Maratha
    When Garhwal army was not able to push back the rule of Sirmoor/Sirmur King, Garhwal King decided to take help of Marathas. After death of Ghulam Qadir (Rohilla Chieftain), Mahdaji Scindia (Maratha) captured Doab (between Ganga and Yamuna). Maratha army used to camp in Haridwar, Saharanpur and like cities.  With the help of army, Maratha regional commanders used to collect tax.
  There was huge Maratha army in Saharanpur to stop the raids of Sikhs on the Maratha territories. By this army, Dehradun was also protected from Sikh’s Raids.
  In October 1793, a Sikh army was looting in Saharanpur, Maratha army led by Devji Gole and Bapu Malhar pushed Sikhs crossing Yamuna.
            Mahadaji Scindia died in Fabruary 1794.  Northern Maratha Viceroy Gopal Bhau posted Bhairon Pant Tatya as Faujdar (commander or governor) of Sahranpur. Other regional Maratha governor or commanders were also appointed at strategic places as Panipat, Sambhal, Delhi, and Jhajhar. There was stiff competition among those regional Maratha commanders. Every regional commander was eager to increase his personal power (army) and wealth than Maratha power. They were always ready to attack and loot for increasing their wealth.
    Garhwal King requested Maratha commander Bhairon Pant Tatya to help Garhwal to get rid of Sirmoor King.
    Maratha army attacked on Sirmoor twice but was not able to defeat Sirmur army. Perhaps both the time, Marathas took bribery from Sirmoor King.  There was Sikhs attack too on Marathas. In October 1795, Sikh army defeated Maratha army at Karnal and five thousand Sikhs raiders entered into Saharanpur. Sikh raiders dominated Maratha in all segments. Now, it was not possible for Maratha to protect Dehradun from Sirmoor.
   Daulat Rao Sindhiya got the help of Irish Captain George Thomas. Thomas came to Saharanput with his Topkhana. Maratha pushed back Sikh raiders to cross Yamuna with the help of Captain Thomas.
                          Brutal Mass Killing in Haridwar by Sikh raiders
      George Thomas could push back Sikh raiders for the time being. In April 1796 the Kumbh year , twelve thousand Sikh cavalry soldiers under King of Patiyala Sahib Singh, Budhiya King Ray Singh and Sher Singh with their families came to Haridwar for taking Holy dip into Ganges.  Maratha were ruling Haridwar. However, Naga Sadhus took the Kumbh Fair Management into their hands. They wanted to take bath first as to show their supremacy. Sikh snet their Udasi Saint to take bath. There was clash or tussle between Naga –Gusain Sadhus and Udasi Guru of Sikh sect for taking the dip into Ganges. On tenth of April, Sikh rulers sent back their family members away from Haridwar. Then, Sikh soldiers were scattered in Haridwar in different groups.  Sikh soldiers attacked on Gusain, Naga and other Sadhu by swords, guns and Bhala. Sikh cavalary soldiers started killing Sanyasi, Naga, Vairagi, and Gusain etc. Sikh soldiers killed more than 500 Sadhus. They also killed innocent devotes taking part in Kumbh Fair. Sikh soldiers looted there. There was stamped everywhere.  English Captain Mure protected the people. Sikh soldiers returned after killing and looting.
                              Mismanagement in Dehradun

             There was no rescue for people of Dehradun against the regular raids of Rajput, Gurjar, Rohillas and Sikh raiders. Maratha King appointed a French Captain Paran in May 1799 and sent him to Saharanpur with Ambaji to collect tax and to stop raids of Sikhs and Rohillas.
 In December 1799, Peron defeted Rohillas and pushed back them from Saharanpur. This French Commander became strong commander of Maratha. In 1801, He sent army to Dehradun for tax collection. The Maratha army looted Doon in that year. Then there was the time of Maratha fall.
    There were disturbances in Dehradun for long.
                            Hari Singh Guleria
              Hari Singh Guleria was the son in law of Pradyuman Shah. Instead of making peace in Doon, he was looter and used to oppress people of Doon valley.
             Raja Ramdayal Singh of Landhaur (Haridwar)
             The ruler or chieftain Landhaur (Haridwar) used to raid Dehradun frequently and used to loot Doon valley. He used to use various repressive methods to terror the people of Doon valley.
               High Dip in Income from Doon valley
               Due to disturbances in Dehradun, there was deep dip in the income from Doon valley. The annual income of Doon dropped from one lakh rupees to 8000 rupees.
                 Various Changes in Administration of Doon Valley
   Garhwal King sent Rama Khanduri and his brother Dharani Khanduri for taking corrective measures in Doon Valley. Khanduri brothers were devotee of Pradyuman Shah. Parakram Shah killed Khanduri brother in a conspiracy.
          Puran Singh of Sahaspur was appointed the in charge of Dehradun. However, he was also unable to stop various raids from raiders.
 Parakram sent his devotee minister Shiv Ram Saklani to correct the situation.   
  Ummed Singh was a clever and cunning man. He was always the Faujdar of Dehradun in all conditions. Pradyuman Shah married his daughter with him .
When Gorkha attacked Dehradun, Ummed Singh took shelter under Sirmoor Kingdom. Ummed Singh did not help Pradyuman Shah when Gorkha killed Pradyuman Shah in Kuhdbuda battle.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 10/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -427
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Mismanagement in Dehradun in Pradyuman Period; History of Mismanagement in Dehradun in Pradyuman Period in context Kumabh Mela Haridwar History and Dhamavala Dehradun History; History of Mismanagement in Dehradun in Pradyuman Period in context Rurki Haridwar History and Rajpur Dehradun History; History of Mismanagement in Dehradun in Pradyuman Period in context Landhuar Haridwar History and Sahaspur Dehradun History ; History of Mismanagement in Dehradun in Pradyuman Period in context Bahdurpur Haridwar History and Chakrata Dehradun History ; History of Mismanagement in Dehradun in Pradyuman Period in context sahranpur and Haridwar History and Dehradun History ;

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #177 on: September 11, 2014, 10:31:20 AM »
                South Asian History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon

History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part- 5
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -179     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -427 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

              History repeats itself because nobody learns from History. Indian Kings never learned from History and foreigners ruled India. Politicians never learned from History and Indian political establishment is in danger. Kumaon and Garhwal faced adversary due to inter-rivalries among administrators and Kings. Garhwal and Kumaon had to pay heavy price by attack from Nepal.

                       Mahesh Chandra as Kumaon King (1788-1790)
          Ruling period of Mahesh Chandra – 1788-1790 (fifteen month)
Contemporary Kings
Garhwal- Pradyuman Shah (1786-1804)
Nepal- Gorkhadhis Ranbahadur
  Mahesh Chandra was crowned on Kumaon Kingdom around last part of 1788 and in February Gorkha captured Kumaon.
  Lal Singh defeated the army of Harsh Dev and Pradyuman Shah in Chukam. Harsh Dev ran away to Garhwal. Lal Singh, Parakram Shah and Mahesh Chandra the son Mohan Chandra with a reasonable army reached to Almora. Parakram would have sit on the crown. However, Parakram Shah took gift of rupees forty thousand and handed over the crown to Mahesh Chandra.

                          Suppression of Joshi

 Lal Singh took charge of all highest position of Deewan and Bakshis. He appointed his own trusted men on other important positions. Joshis were culprits in disestablishing Mohan Chandra.  Lal Singh suppressed Joshis and threw away from Kumaon. Many Joshis were put in jails. Many Joshis were hung as punishment. Lal Singh captured properties of many Joshi families.

                  Harsh Dev Joshi becoming Activate

  Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah awarded Harsh Dev Joshi the Jagir of Padyulsyun. However, due to terror of Parakram Shah, Harsh Dev Joshi had to leave Garhwal. No record is available about Shiv Chandra a small time Kumaon King. Harsh dev Josh reached Bareli and took shelter under Subedar Mirza Menhadi Ali beg. Beg was regional commander of Awadh ruler. Harsh Dev Joshi wanted to collect Army.
  Awadh ruler came for hunting in Tarai near Haldwani in 1789. Lal Singh met Awadh ruler. Lal Singh requested Awadh ruler to provide protection to Kumaon King Mahesh Chandra. In return of protection from Awadh ruler, Lal Singh handed over Tarai to Awadh. Now, order from Awadh ruler, Mirza Menhadi Ali Beg did not help Harsh Dev Joshi to collect army.
         Harsh Dev Joshi was in Bareli. Before,  January 1790, Gorakha army of Nepal Kingdom attacked on Karnali, Doti, Dailekh, Baitdi kingdoms 9today in Nepal) and captured all Katyuri kingdoms in kali valley till the border of Chand Kingdom or Kumaon Kingdom.   Kumaon Kingdom was in west of Kali River.
            Harsh Dev Joshi thought of taking benefits from the opportunity. Nepal King Ran Bahadur was ambitious King. He was aware the weakness of Kumaon and wanted to take over Kumaon Kingdom. Nepal King sent a letter through his Kaji Jagjit Pande to Harsh Dev Joshi mentioning that if Harsh Dev Joshi help Nepal Kingdom at the time of Nepal army attacking on Kumaon, Nepal King would offer Harsh Dev Joshi a highest position. Harsh Dev Joshi offered all secretes of Kumaon to Nepal King.
 Though, two years back Nepal King had a religious treaty (dharm patra)  with Kumaon King Mohan Chandra.

         
             Attack by Gorakha Army on Kumaon
         Ran Bahadur sent his Gorakha army led by Jagjit Pande, Sardar Amar Singh Thapa, Captain Goliya, Captain ranvir Khatri, Subba Jognarayan Mall, Subba Faud Singh, Shurbir Khatri etc to attack on Kumaon on 30th January 1790.
  The Gorakha army crossed Kali River and departed two battalions to capture Sor and Bishung Patti. As soon as people came to know the news of attack from Gorakha army the situation became perplexed and everywhere there was confusion due to terror of Gorakha army. 
   Mahesh Chanra collected the warriors from people and along with his permanent army marched towards Gangoli. Mahesh Chandra attacked on Gorakha army suddenly and defeated Gorakha army. Gorakha army had to run towards kali Kumaon where Amar Singh Thapa was ready. Lal Singh reached with his army to Gautada  (Katolgarh) Kali Kumaon. Amar Singh Thapa attacked on army of Lal Singh and defeated army led by Lal Singh. Lal Singh had to run to Tarai.
     Winning in Gangoli, Mahesh Chandra started marching with speed to help his uncle Lal Singh. When Mahesh Chandra came to know about deafet of Lal Singh and his running to Tarai, Mahesh Chandra also ran to Kota Tarai without fighting the battle. Lal Singh met Mahesh Chandra in Kota.
               Now, there was no resistance for Gorakha army. Gorakha army marched towards Almora. Gorakha army defeated a small Kumaon army in Almora.
             On 1st February 1790, Gorakha army entered in Almora. Harsh dev Joshi was with Nepali commander Jagjit Pande.  Harsh Dev Joshi and his men provided all help to Gorakha army. Nepal captured Kumaon Kingdom very easily.
      Joshis were against Mahesh Chandra and they welcomed Nepali army. Gorakha commanders appointed Joshis of Jhinjhad, Danya, Kalin, Oliyaganv, and Galli as administers (Kamdar) of Kumaon. Other caste people were also appointed administrators. Pant of Gangoli, Uprada, Syunarkot and Khunt also got administrative post in Gorakha rule. Chaudhari of Dwara got positions too.
      Gorakha commanders took help of Kumaon Brahmins for rituals and medical aids. Gorakha appointed Kumaon strong youth into Nepali army.  Kumaoni people showed their flexibility and started living smoothly under Nepali governance.
        Harsh dev was satisfied to see Mahesh Chandra and Lal Singh out of Kumaon.  Gorakhas rulers used to provide respect to Joshi and used to take his advice time to time.

 
                      Attack of Gorakha army on Garhwal

                  In 1790, Nepal was ruling on Kumaon.  Now, Nepal King wanted to capture Garhwal Kingdom. Harsh Dev Joshi helped Gorakha army for chalking out the strategy. However, no Garhwali became ready to deceive own motherland.
  Gorakhas army was divided into many parts to attack on Garhwal though various places. However, Garhwal army defeated Gorakha army everywhere due to unity.

                 Nepal Attacking on Tibet

             In summer of 1791, Nepal King sent his army led by Nayab Bahadur Shah to attack on Tibet. China came to help Tibet and sent huge army to attack on Nepal in 1792.


                            Mahesh Chandra becoming Active

         When Nepal arm forces were busy in attacking on Garhwal, Mahesh Chandra and his uncle Lal Singh were busy to consolidate their positions.
              He marched with tiny army towards Almora. However, Nepal army defeated Mahesh Chandra in Badakhedi. Mahesh Chandra had to run towards Tarai and took shelter in Kilpuri. He established his head quarter in Kilpuri
      He once again attacked on Gorakha though Kali-Kumaon road. Mara group in Kumaon was now against Mahesh Chandra as now they accepted Nepal rule over Kumaon.

              Nepali army in Shrinagar
   Amar Singh Thapa reached Shrinagar with a small army in Shrinagar. There was treaty between Nepal Kingdom and Garhwal Kingdom.
 Gorakha commander informed to Garhwal King that they are appointing Harsh Dev Joshi as in charge of west of Kali river. Prince Parakram Shah informed Amar Singh Thapa about traitor, deceiving nature of Harsh Dev Joshi.
  Amar Singh Thapa arrested Harsh Dev Joshi and put him in Jail. Amar Singh Thapa and Jagjit Pande informed Harsh Dev Joshi that he had to visit Nepal for proving his loyalty before Nepal King.
 Harsh Dev Joshi had to go to Nepal with Nepali armed force. One day, they reached to Gangoli . Harsh dev escaped from the camp of Nepal armed force. He reached to Johar. Johar was not under Nepal.
                       Harsh Dev Joshi hid there in Johar. Johar elites informed Lal Singh and Mahesh Chandra about Harsh Dev Joshi being in Johar.
          Lal Singh sent his one of relatives Padama Singh with soldiers to arrest Harsh Dev Joshi. Johar people handed over Joshi to Padma Singh. On the path, Harsh Dev Joshi advised Padma Singh that since Padma Singh was direct descendent of Chand dynasty he was supposed to be Kumaon King. Harsh Dev Joshi promised Padma Singh for making him King. Simple hearted Padma Singh freed Harsh Dev Joshi. Harsh Dev and Padma Singh reached to Shrinagar. Garhwal King refused to help Harsh Dev Joshi. Padma Singh returned to Tarai. Harsh dev Joshi stayed in Shrinagar for some time.

                         Last Try by Mahesh Chandra

            With the help of soldiers of defeated Nabab Gulam Mohammad Khan of Rampur, Mahesh Chandra and Lal Singh attacked on Kumaon. Amar Singh Thapa defeated Mahesh Chandra and captured Kilpuri fort.
     Lal Singh met Awadh ruler to attack on Tarai where Nepal army captured the territory. Awadh attacked on Tarai of Kumaon to get rid of Nepal army. British had relationship with Awadh and commercial relationship with Nepal governments. British mediated to stop war. 
 This was the end of sovereign Kumaon Kingdom.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 11/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -428
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
South Asian History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon; History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Pauri Garhwal History; South Asian History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Chamoli Garhwal History; History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; South Asian   History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Tehri Garhwal History; South Asian   History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Dehradun Garhwal History;  South Asian   History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Haridwar Garhwal History; South Asian   History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Kotdwar Garhwal History;  South Asian   History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Sheela Patti Garhwal History;  South Asian   History of Gorkhas Capturing Kumaon in context Langur Patti Garhwal History; 
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #178 on: September 12, 2014, 10:12:23 AM »
      History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal

History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part- 6
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -180     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -428 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
     Harsh Dev Joshi was not interested in protecting his motherland but was always busy in conspiracies for getting his supremacy and always deceived his motherland Kumaon.
      He became the darling of Nepal governors too.  Harsh dev Joshi inspired Gorkha/Nepalis for capturing Garhwal Kingdom too. In Almora, Harsh Dev Joshi offered many secrets of Garhwal Kingdom to Gorkhas/Nepalis. 
 However, there was no Garhwali betrayal to support Nepalis /Gorkhas for deceiving their motherland as Harsh Dev Joshi. Nepalis/Gorkhas were aware the hurdles of winning for Garhwal. Nepalis/Gorkhas were aware that local Garhwali chieftains would resist the Nepali/Gorkha attacks on Garhwal. Before attacking Garhwal Kingdom, Gorkhas/Nepali had gone for hard planning.

            Roads for Attacking on Garhwal by Gorkha/Nepali Forces
                 In past, Kumaon Kings used two roads for attacking on Garhwal. One road was used from Almora via Havalbagh, Dwarhat, Mahargaon, to Chaukhtiya at Ram Ganga Rvier Bank. The army used to cross Ram Ganga River and used to reach Mehalchauri, Gairsain to Chandpuri (Garhwal). Garhwal Kings used to have army in Lohabagarhi (6231 feet height)for ressting or failing the attack from Kumaon. 
 Another road from Kumaon was via Bageshwar, Baijnath to Pindar valley. The road of Pindar valley reached to Simali via Tharali, Narayanbagad. From Simali, the road used to reach Shrinagar via Karnprayag, Rudraprayag, Khankra. Garhwal King used to have army at Badhangarh (8124 Feet Height) . Third road was to Nayar Valley of Garhwal via Almora, Bhikhyasain, Deghat and regions of Garhwal- Deghat, Gujadugadh, Devlikhal.  Garhwal army was always there in Gujadugadhi (6000 Feet Height). Garhwal King was worried about Nepal rule over Kumaon and was concerned for protecting East Border of Garhwal. Garhwal King sent messages to his army governors at east pots for being highly careful about activities of Gorkha/Nepali armies.

  Gorkha planned for attacking on Garhwal from three sides.  Nepali/Gorkha governor divided his army into three divisions. Nepali/Gorkha sent its army from three roads going to west of Garhwal.  No doubt, those army divisions were not big in numbers but Garhwal Kingdom was forced to spread its limited force on large areas. Nepali/Gorkha attacked not from east but from South of Garhwal. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -429
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
Historical notes on History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal; History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal in context Pauri Garhwal History; History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal in context Chamoli Garhwal History; History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal in context Tehri Garhwal History; History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History; History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal in context Dehradun Garhwal History; History of Preparation of Gorkhas/Nepalis for Attacking on Garhwal in context Haridwar Garhwal History;

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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: गढ़वाल का इतिहास 1223-1804 AD- History of Garhwal Region from 1223-1804 AD
« Reply #179 on: September 13, 2014, 12:10:19 PM »
 History of Gorkhas/Nepali Attack on Ganga Salan Garhwal (Langurgarh)

History of Last United Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah part- 7
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -181     
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -429 
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
              Gorkhas or Nepali strategists in Kumaon did not follow the conventional path for attacking on Garhwal from Kumaon.  Nepali/Gorkha commanders of Kumaon called new well trained and well armed army from Nepal. It was necessary to cross Kaliganga at Brahmdev Mandi to reach Kathgodam from Nepal. The road from Almora via Chhakhata, Bhimtal, Tarai met here. From Brahm Dev Mandi the raod goes to Kashipur via Chilkiya (present Ramnagar) . From Ramnagar , the road goes to Bhabhar, Kotdwara , Salan Garhwal via Kalagarh by crossing Ramganga River. From Bhabhar, Kotdwara, road goes to Shrinagar via Dwarikhal, Langurgarh  (still today footpath road goes to Shrinagar via Dwarikhal).
  Another reason for taking the above rout was that ex-Kumaon King Mahendra Chand and his uncle Lal Singh tried to attack on Kumaon from Birgul in between Gangol Ppatti and Sipti Patti. Gorkha defeated Mahendra Chandra at Birgul. They tried to attack on Kumaon via Balkheri valley. Therefore, it was essential for Gorkhas to control Tarai –Bhabhar of kumaon too to stop invasion of Mahendra Chand. By attacking on Salan (South of Garhwal), it was easy to watch on South of Kumaon too.
            Gorkha Army Cordoning or Surrounding Langurgarh
  Due to Gorkha army reaching to South of Kumaon, Garhwal King kept an army at Langurgarh (Langur and near Dwarikhal, Goomkhal).  Langurgarh was very strong Garh or fort. There is Bhairav statue there. The slop from South (coming from Kotdwara or Duggadda) was aprotecting slop for Langurgarhi as soldiers could throw or push heavy stones to harm soldiers coming from slop to Langurgarh. The North Slop reaches to Nayar (near Satpuli, Banghat etc.  There was water source too in Langurgarhi. The food supply could come from raskil, Barsudi, villages and other villages from Northern slop.
        Gorkha first planned to capture Abhedya (unwinnable) Langurgarh. They marched to Kotdwara, Bhabhar. When Nepal/Gorkha army attacked on Kotdwara Bhabhar, Garhwal Army did not resist. When Gorkha reached at the south valley of Langurgarh, in 1791, Garhwal army threw big stones on Nepal Army.  By hard work, Gorkha army reached to Langurgarh. It was not possible for Gorkha army to win there with Garhwal army. Nepal or Gorkha army surrounded Langurgarh and dug trench on another hill just opposite of Langurgarh (Kutalmanda) .  Garhwali army used to trap Gorkha soldiers by attacking them in one post and then used to get food etc from villages. Gorkha Army surrounded Langurgarh for one year but was unable to capture Langurgarh fort. Langurgarh was the door to reach Shrinagar.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/9/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -430
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Gorkhas/Nepali Attack on Kotdwara, Ganga Salan Garhwal (Langurgarh); History of Gorkhas/Nepali Attack on Sheela Patti Ganga Salan Garhwal; History of Gorkhas/Nepali Attack on DuggaddaGanga Salan Garhwal; History of Gorkhas/Nepali Attack on dwarikhal Ganga Salan Garhwal; History of Gorkhas/Nepali Attack on madanpur Dhulgaon, Ganga Salan Garhwal; History of Gorkhas/Nepali Attack on Langur Patti Ganga Salan Garhwal;
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