Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल) (Read 583408 times)

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1430 on:** February 18, 2020, 04:07:19 PM »

Kumaon Commissioner retaking charge of Political Agent for Tehri

Conspiracies by Govind Singh Bisht of Ravain -6
History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 124
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 124
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1353

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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In 1842, British Government had to curtail the power of Lieutenant colonel Young as Political Agent for Tehri (1) Instead of L.C. Young; Kumaon commissioner was made as Political Agent of Tehri Garhwal as was initial arrangement. The king sent many proofs against Young for his partiality for Govind Singh and Gang.
The King accused Young for unnecessary interferences in Kingdom administration too.
The decision by changing Young as political agent, British government clearly clarified that the King was supreme and the King could change the Sayana, Thokdar ya Jagirdar as pr the situation. (1)
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References
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (2009, Their Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1, (2nd edition) Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 109
2- Saxena. B.P. Historical Papers relating to Kumaon (1809-42) Allahabad ( 1956) P 225
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
The write up is for general readers.
History of Their Garhwal to be continued in next chapter …

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1431 on:** February 19, 2020, 11:02:42 AM »

Demand by Hearsay for Doon Valley Ownership

History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 125
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 125
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1354

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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Referring ‘English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon, Pau Le series 1, Garhwal Raj, 1815-1824 the Hearsay letter’, Dr. Dabral offered details of Hearsay demanding buying Doon valley on lease/ contract for five years (1)
Hearsay bought Doon and Chandigahat from exiled prince Sudarshan Shah in 1811 (1) . According to Pre Mutiny records, Kumaon, Hearsay sent a demand letter to Rause the Doon superintendent on 28 April 1820 that let him be given Doon Valley on rent/lease of contract for five years on the rate of 75005 Farukhabadi rupees.
Hearsay reminded on the above letter that since while selling Chandi Ghat Jagir to British with a supplementary condition that whenever needed British would pay regular fortune for Doon Jagir to him (Hearsay) and his heirs (2). Hearsay attached the copy of deal between Sudarshan Shah and Hearsay in 1911 (1) and selling deal of Chandighat between British and Hearsay (1). On that deal letter, Sudarshan Shah accepted that he put Doon Jagir as mortgage for Rs. cash 1200 (1).
Hearsay and his heirs regularly had been sending reminder letters to British authorities and Sudarshan Shah. Both disagreed the ownership claimed by hearsay and heirs (2).
Hearsay was informed by letter that –
Hearsay did not have any contribution on getting back the Kingdom for Sudarshan Shah
The King Sudarshan Shah got back his kingdom due to British army action and not by struggle by Hearsay . Sudarshan Shah left the right on east Garhwal as per agreement .
Board of Commissioners Farukhabad clearly sent letter to Hearsay that British would never accept his claim and he was free to plea in any court(2) .

References
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (2009, Their Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1, (2nd edition) Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 110-111
2- English Pre Mutiny Records , Kumaon, Paun Le series 1, Garhwal Raj, 1815-1824 the Hearsay letter
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
The write up is for general readers.
History of Their Garhwal to be continued in next chapter …

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1432 on:** February 20, 2020, 10:46:14 AM »

Demands by Sudarshan Shah and Pritam Shah

History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 126
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 126
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1355

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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In 1823, King Sudarshan Shah put his plea that as per the order of Frazer, he should get the whole west of Mandakini River region . Bamsu, Maikhanda and Dhanoli Pattis were under the demanded region. British authorities informed the king that at the time of agreement between him and British , Nagpur region was included in British ruled region (2)
Pritam Shah returned to Garhwal in 1818 from Nepal. Pritam Shah put following demands before British authorities (1) –
Pritam Shah pleaded that the Pradyumna Shah administration offered him the Jagirs of East Alaknanda, west Alaknanda, Ravain, and Doon valley regions. Therefore, he should get back those Jagirs.
Pritam Shah pleaded strongly that he was brother of king Pradyumna Shah and he should get tax free Jagir as heir of Pradyumna Shah .
British (Company) decided that since British won the territory from Garhwal , therefore, there is no ownership rights of anybody on that won land. Part from that, already Sudarshan Shah was the king of part of Garhwal too (2(
On 11 October 1822, secretary of East India company wrote to Trail the Kumaon commissioner (1) that Governor General had strong opinion that Pritam Shah should get reasonable amount for his livelihood . Sudarshan Shah agreed for paying monthly allowance to Pritam Shah before Pritam Shah returning to Garhwal from Nepal. Secretary asked commissioner that the king should pay the allowance. Secretary asked to commissioner for discussion with Sudarshan Shah for parting the Kingdom with Pritam Shah (3)
Dabral informs (1) that as per Raturi , King Sudarshan Shah paid him full respect as senior family member and offered him a Jagir of Rs. 10000 annually . Pritam shah married to a Guleri girl too apart from marrying Nepali girl. As per English Mutiny records the King agreed for paying Rs. 5000 annually to Pritam shah (1) . Pritam Shah died in 1836 and Sudarshan Shah fixed the allowance for his widow for Rs.416.10 Ana annually. Sudarshan Shah did not pay that allowance regularly too (1) . The Pritam Shah’s Widow wrote letter to L. C. Young and as per information from L.C. Young, the Governor Genera’s Agent of Delhi replied to young that the King should pay allowance regularly to the widow of Pritam Shah.

References
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (2009, Their Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1, (2nd edition) Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 111 -112
2- English Pre Mutiny Records , Kumaon, Pau Le series 1, Garhwal Raj, 1815-1824
Raturi H.K , Garhwal ka Itihas page 465
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
The write up is for general readers.
History of Their Garhwal to be continued in next chapter …

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1433 on:** February 22, 2020, 09:51:53 AM »

Faithfulness of Sudarshan shah for British

General Characteristics of Sudarshan Shah Administration -1
History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 127
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 127
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1356

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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Sudarshan Shah got Kingdom back because the help by British. That was good reason to be faithful to British. This author’s general view is that many left wing historians or writers accuse Sudarshan Shah for faithful to British Raj. In my opinion that was not wrong on part of Sudarshan Shah.
Sudarshan Shah mentioned 286 British officials whom he met before getting back Kingdom and after getting Kingdom. (1)
The king clearly sent order to all his servants for offering free Kulis or labours whenever any British official enters into their Kingdom {(Order copy for Gangram Rasoiya from Dyundi collection, (1)}.
Dabral pointed out various incidents when the King offered facilities (Kuli Begar) to British officers in their visit to Their Kingdom region. The King used to men important officers (1) for showing his faithfulness to British raj.
The conditions of Kulis were very terrible and heart breaking. (This author has discussed the subject in British Garhwal history 1815-1947).
In next chapter , the role of Sudarshan Shah will be discussed in 1857 Revolution period

References
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (2009, Their Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1, (2nd edition) Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 121
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
The write up is for general readers.
History of Their Garhwal to be continued in next chapter …

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1434 on:** February 23, 2020, 01:18:41 PM »

Sudarshan Shah as Poet and supporter of Artisans

General Characteristics of Sudarshan Shah Administration -2
History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 128
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 128
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1357

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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Sudarshan Shah was art and literature lover (1). Sudarshan Shah got good education for Sanskrit and it is said that he used to offer problem for Sanskrit Pundits for creating poetries. Maularam praised Sudarshan Shah in Garhrajvansha Kavya (Varna 63)for his poetry creating abilities and supporting poets etc.
Sudarshan Shah was having knowledge of Braja and he created poetries in Hindi and the poem are in one unpublished book Sabha Sar (1).There are 17 chapters in Sabha Sar. The poems are of love, neeti and Vairagya raptures. Mostly the poems are based on sayings of poets or philosophers. (1)
Sudarshan Shaah used to listen poets and scholars and used to support them too by monetary benefits or by gifting (1)
State scholar Hari Datt Sharma mentioned Sabha Sar in his drama ‘Sabha –Bhushan ‘

References
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (2009, Their Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1, (2nd edition) Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 113
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
The write up is for general readers.
History of Their Garhwal to be continued in next chapter …

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1435 on:** February 24, 2020, 09:37:56 AM »

Kumuda Nand Bahuguna: a Sanskrit Poet

Sudarshan Shah patronizing creative 2
General Characteristics of Sudarshan Shah Administration -4
History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 129
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 129
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1358

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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Kumuda Nand Bahuguna was born in Family of Bharat Kavi that created Manodaya kavya about life of Garhwal King Manshah and his predecessors.(1) . From the same Bahuguna Family tree, Medhakar Bahuguna also created about history of Garhwal kings in ‘ Ramayan Pradeep’. Ram Datt Bahuguna the son of Medhakar Bahuguna created poetries about king Pradyumn Shah . In the same family, Son of Achla Nand Bahuguna , Kumuda Nand Bahuguna created poetry collection ‘Sudarshanodaya Kavya ‘ about King Sudarshan Shah . Least is available about life of Kumuda Nand Bahuguna (1).
However, Chamoli offers information that Kumuda Nand was born in Pokhari village (2) . There are 35 verses in the collection. In the poetry collection , Kumuda Nand illustrated about incidents before Sudarshan Shah establishing Tehri the capital and afterwards . The poet praise Sudarshan Shah as War warier, enemy killer, knowledgeable about weaponries. The said collection is historical poetry collection (2). Chamoli praises the collection from rapture and style angles too. There is also light on social conditions in the poetry collection.
It is clear that Sudarshan Shah patronized the poet and the poet was State Poet too.

References
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (2009, Their Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1, (2nd edition) Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 113
Chamoli Dr. Prem Datt , Garhwal ki Sanskrit Sahitya ko den (2006) Publisher Dr Prem Datt Chamoli Dehradun , page 112- 124
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
The write up is for general readers.
History of Their Garhwal to be continued in next chapter …

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1436 on:** February 25, 2020, 04:27:36 PM »

Vasva Nand Jyotishi of Prashna Sindhu fame in Sudarshan Shah Period

Sudarshan Shah patronizing creative -3
General Characteristics of Sudarshan Shah Administration -5
History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 130
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 130
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1359

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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Vasva Nand Jyotishi created or wrote a book on ‘Astrology’ called ‘Prashna Sindhu’. Dr Dabral taking reference of book ‘Garhwal ki Divangat Vibhutiyan ‘ by Bhakta Darshan states that Ram Datt Jyotirvid of Kumaon had a hand written manuscript of Prashna Sindhu’. Prem Chamoli too informs same information (2) that a Vasva Nand Jyotihsi born in Pukhacchhee. Chamoli took that creator as Vasva Nand Bahuguna. However, there is no proof that Vasva Nand Jyotishi was same Vasva Nand Bahuguna of Pokhri that escaped from British Rule (as he was cough for making forgery seal or tamprapatra).
The creator of Prashna Sindhu wrote about his forefathers and village as Pukhacchhee. The book states that the creator Vasva Nand Jyotishi completed the book on 29th January 1818 (2). Apart from above information, no additional information is available about said Vasva Nand Jyotishi. Dabral and Chamoli and Bhakta Darshan are of opinions that Vasva Nand Bahuguna that escaped from British rule to Ranjit Singh Kingdom and Vasva Nand Jyotishi were same person. However, this author is not sure that both were same
Astrology book ‘Prashna Sindhu’ is divided into Taranga (chapters) .There are following Tarangas in the book –Shubhashubh, Gangamakhya ; Jayajayakhya; Chaurabidha; Mishrakakhya; Doshabhidhan ; Jalabhidan; Vanshabhidhannostamstrng .
The questions answers on various astrology aspects, is proof that the creator ‘Vasva Nand Jyotishi’ knowledgeable astrologer of his time .
It is not clear that Vasva Nand Jyotishi met Sudarshan Shah in Shrinagar or went to Tehri after wards. There is no any information available about Vasva Nand Jyotishi in Tehri archive records too.

References
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (2009, Their Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1, (2nd edition) Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 113
2- Chamoli Dr. Prem Datt , Garhwal ki Sanskrit Sahitya ko den (2006) Publisher Dr Prem Datt Chamoli Dehradun , page 239
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
The write up is for general readers.

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1437 on:** February 26, 2020, 11:43:31 AM »

Hari Datta Nautiyal ‘Sharma: A Sanskrit Drama and Poetry Creator

Sudarshan Shah patronizing creative -4
General Characteristics of Sudarshan Shah Administration -6
History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 131
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 130
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1360

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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Hari Datta Nautiyal was the Kingdom Poet in Sudarshan Shah Darbar (1 and 2). Hari Ram Nautiyal was son of Shrinagar Garhwal King Darbar Guru Pramodpati Nautiyal and grandson of Shrinagar Garhwal King Darbar Guru (1). Hari Datta Nautiyal mentions his date of birth 1800 but Dabral doubted that the year is wrong.
Hari Datta Nautiyal created following literature in Sanskrit (1 and 2)
Drama – Sabhabhushan
Long Poetry collections –Vishnusmriti (on his elder brother Vishnu) , Dharmavalli , Laghu Ramayana, Laghu Bhagwat, Nakshatra mala Srotra, Gangalahri, Shringar Lata, Ramayandeepika, Kamdootakavya, Bhojyavalia and Ubhayarthasuchika . Dr Prem Datta Chamoli analysed each poetry collection and drama by Hari datt in his book ‘Garhwal ki Sanskrit Sahitya ko Den’
Dr Dabral informs that Maharaja Patiyala sked him to come in Patiyala Darbar with lucarative salary but Hari datta refused for leaving his beloved Darbar (1) . hari datt also served Tehri King Bhavani Shah and died at the age of 80. That means Hari Datta was born around 1780 (Dabral).
References
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (2009, Their Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1, (2nd edition) Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 115 -16
2- Chamoli Dr. Prem Datta , Garhwal ki Sanskrit Sahitya ko den (2006) Publisher Dr Prem Datt Chamoli Dehradun , page 122 -23, 24
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
The write up is for general readers.

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1438 on:** February 27, 2020, 02:39:43 PM »

Poet Gumani Pant Visiting Tehri Court

Sudarshan Shah patronizing creative -5
General Characteristics of Sudarshan Shah Administration -7
History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 132
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 132
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1361

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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Gumani Pant (1780-1846) was a famous Kumauni poet of his time and pant created poems in Nepali, Kumauni, Garhwali, Sanskrit and Braja, Khari(Hindi ) languages with ease. Dabral taking reference (1) of Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna (Trpathaga ) states that Gumani Pant visited Sudarshan Shah court in Shah time.
Dabral informs that Gumani pant created poetry related to Tehri and Sudarshan Shah offered praise and gifts to Gumani Pant. The poem by Gumani is as follows-
जनराज सुदर्शन शाह पुरी, टिहरीइसका नाम रह्यो.

References –
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (1999), Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Part 2 , Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 116
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
Gumani pant and History of Tehri Garhwal; Gumani pant and History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Ghansali, Tehri Garhwal; History of Bhatwari , Uttarkashi Garhwal; Gumani pant and History of Tehri, Tehri Garhwal; History of Rajgarhi Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Narendranagar, Tehri Garhwal; History of Dunda , Uttarkashi Garhwal; Gumani pant and History of Dhantoli, Tehri Garhwal; History of Chinyalisaur Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Pratapnagar , Tehri Garhwal; History of Mori, Uttarkashi Garhwal; Gumani pant and History of Devprayaga, Tehri Garhwal; History of Puraula, Uttarkashi Garhwal; Gumani pant and History of Jakhanikhal Tehri Garhwal; History of Gangotri- Jamnotri Uttarkashi Garhwal to be continued …

Bhishma Kukreti · « **Reply #1439 on:** February 28, 2020, 11:22:12 AM »

Manorath Poet from Almora visiting Sudarshan Shah Court

Sudarshan Shah patronizing creative -6
General Characteristics of Sudarshan Shah Administration -7
History of King Sudarshan Shah of Tehri Riyasat – 133
History of Tehri Kingdom (Tehri and Uttarkashi Garhwal) from 1815 –1948- 133
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) – 1362

By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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Dr Dabral informs that a poet Manorath or Manmanth visited Tehri court in 1849 A.D.(10.
Manmanth or Manorath gifted a map of Almora to the king and wrote following passage in Sanskrit on the said map –
चन्द्रदिवबजभू १७७१ शाके श्री सुदर्शन भूपते: . मनोरथकृत्येअल्मोड़ाविन्यास: पूर्णतामगात. शुभम्भूयात सतां सदा .
The said map was available in Vichitra Shah Library Tehri City (1).
References –
1-Dabral, Shiv Prasad, (1999), Tehri Garhwal Rajya ka Itihas Part 2 , Veer Gatha Press, Garhwal India, page 116
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjukreti@gmail.com
Manorath Poet from Almora and History of Tehri Garhwal; Manorath Poet from Almora and History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Ghansali, Tehri Garhwal; History of Bhatwari , Uttarkashi Garhwal; Manorath Poet from Almora and History of Tehri, Tehri Garhwal; History of Rajgarhi Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Narendranagar, Tehri Garhwal; History of Dunda , Uttarkashi Garhwal; Manorath Poet from Almora and History of Dhantoli, Tehri Garhwal; History of Chinyalisaur Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Pratapnagar , Tehri Garhwal; History of Mori, Uttarkashi Garhwal; Manorath Poet from Almora and History of Devprayaga, Tehri Garhwal; History of Puraula, Uttarkashi Garhwal; Manorath Poet from Almora and History of Jakhanikhal Tehri Garhwal; History of Gangotri- Jamnotri Uttarkashi Garhwal to be continued …

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Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल) (Read 583408 times)

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)

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