MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

                       Advance Planning for situation after Capturing Almora

                 History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -18

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -231

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -759
               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

    Governor General was confident that due to unrest among Kumaunis for Gurkha/Nepalese rule, and other factors, British army would easily capture Kumaun.  High command instructed lieutenant colonel Gardner that after capturing Almora he should establish British rule over Almora and protect Almora from attack of Nepalese army. Gardner was instructed to capture Lalmandi Garhi south of Almora and should acuire British army camp there. Gardner was asked to capture Lalmandi Garhi by all means. 
      The British High Command also instructed L.C Gardner to arrange defensive measures for protecting Almora. Gardner was asked to establish army camps near Almora. L. Colonel Gardner was also advised to break link line of Nepalese army from Doti -Nepal towards Kumaon and link line of Almora to Shrinagar by establishing army camps at strategic places.


(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 26/3/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -760
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

              Nepalese Resident Bamshah endeavoring for Compromise with British

                 History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -20

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -233

             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -761
               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                    Kumaon Resident of Nepal Bamshah was aware of British preparation for conflict with Nepal. Edward Gardner sent Bamshah letters for guessing his intentions but Bamshah did not show the reality through his communications. Edward Gardner, lieutenant Colonel Gardner, Hearsay were busy in preparation for Kumaon attack from January 1815. Edward Gardner sent letter to Bamshah from Kashipur. However, the letters from Bamshah were not offering any intention of Bamshah.
   Bamshah was also busy in preparation for future war with British. On 16th January 1815, Bamshah sent a letter to Governor General’s Agent Colebrook with his two emissaries (Vakil)- Hari Krishna Tiwari and Babu Neelnarayan.  Letter was as –
“  I sent a letter in response your letter about Jagir for Lal Singh Chaudhari Mahtab of Tahsildar of Kashipur and Tahsildar of Mirja Muhammad Bullekhan, I requested you for peaceful compromise on disputed matters.  I requested your representatives for discussion but they did not respond .When Governor General was supposed to visit Kashipur via Moradabad I decided for sending my representative with a letter and Gifts of Hill produces. However, when I came to know that you went to Farukhabad from Moradabad and Governor Genral went to Haridwar from Kashipur and I had to cancel the program.
             Initially, there was peaceful relation between Nepal and British. However, these days, we dispute for petty matters. Please inform how there should be friendly relation between Nepal and British. I shall cooperate with you for creating friendly relation between Nepal and British”
   The above letter was clear that Bamshah was devoted to his Kingdom and Nepal was not ready for real friendship. Now, British officers were clear that Bamshah would not breach his Kingdom.
  The representatives of Bamshah were till March in Fatehgarh.  They were now in debt due to long stay in Fatehgarh. As per advice of John Adam, Colebrook paid them money and sent them to L Colonel Gardner with his peons. 
  At the same time , Bamshah also sent letter to Harshdev Joshi with his trusted man. Harshdev Joshi sent that letter to Edward Gardner.  Edward Gardner was now clear that Bamshah was taking time for new army coming to Kumaon from Nepal or Garhwal.
  Colebrook repalied letter to Bamshah that British officials were satisfied with Bamshah. Bamshah was adviced to sent future communication to Edward Gardner who was in charge of Political Policies for Kumaun.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 29/3/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -762
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

               British Army Marching from Bamori Ghate

                 History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -22

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -235
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -763
               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

 By end of January 1815, the British Army Attack on Kumaon preparation s was complete. However, the season was not conducive and there was shortage of loaders. On 9th February 1815 , 500 British army marched from Kashipur to Rudrapur. That Army company was instructed not to march ahead till main army enters in hill Zones of Kumaon. After that that army company was supposed to march though Bpmare Ghate (Pande mentioned it as Kathgodam). That army did not face any resistance and reached and captured Barakhedi a small Garhi. On 1st April 1815, this Army Company reached to Chhakhata Garhi near Bhimtal. Gurkha/Nepalese soldiers ran away from this Garhi. British army captured Chhakhata Garhi easily. Marching through Ramgarh and Pyura road that army met main army led by L. Colonel Gardner.
 
(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 31/3/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -764
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

                           British Army in Kosi River Valley

                 History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -24

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -237
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -765
               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                  On 16th February 1815, British army went ahead in Kosi River valley and camped at Chukam. Till that time, due to unavailability of loaders, Guns and other weapons could not br brought there. British army stayed in Chukam  for two days. Then, British army reached far ahead in Kumaon Hills. It was necessary for British commanders for protecting link line from plains to Kosi Valley.
             There was an army camp of Gurkha/Nepalese at Kotagarhi at right side of Dabkan Rivulet that was east south of Chukam. On 18th February 1815, L.C Gardner sent 300 soldiers for getting rid  of Gurkha/Nepalese soldiers from Kotagarhi. Before, British army reached at Kotagarhi, Gurkha/Nepalese soldiers fled from Kotagarhi towards hills. L.C Gardner put a an army company there in Kotagarhi. On the same day Lieutenant Colonel Gardner sent 300 soldiers for capturing Tungadakhal  Garhi. The army could reach Kosi valley from Tungrakhal.
  In between Ramganga and Kosi River there was a hill top –‘Kath ki Nav’ and there was Gurkha soldier camp. Pande mentioned that there was wooden fortress. That camp was very important for defending Link Line. On 19th February 1815, Gardner sent 500 soldiers for capturing ‘Kath ki Nav’ hill top.  Gurkha/Nepalese soldiers left the camp without any fight and reached to Gagar Garhi. On the same day, British army captured Ukhaldhunga (7 miles away from Kosi river). In evening Gardner sent a column to a hill top (right of Ukhaldhunga).  From that Hill Top, there were two roads one for Tangurakhal and other to Lohgaliyakhal.  Gurkha commander sent his soldiers on a hill top just parralle but part of that Hill top too. There was gun firing between two armies. There was gun firing till late night. British army reached to another hill top and pushed away Gurkha soldiers. Then, British army had safe link line between Tungrakhal and Lohgaliyaghat.  At the same time there was information that Gurkha/Nepalese army vacated from two Garhis of Kota. 
  On 21st February 1815, British 700 soldier’s army camped in Sethi hill top in Kosi Valley. L.C Colonel took necessary cautions for defense.

(From writings of B D Pande, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/4/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -766
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

                   Gardner taking Alternate Path for Army March

                 History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -26

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -239
             History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -767
               
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

       Lieutenant Colonel Gardner was aware of Alternate Path for reaching Almora and avoiding Bhujan Path where Gurkha Commander Angad Sardar was camping with army. Most probably, Gardner was having arough map of Kumaon too. Almora is situated at the bank of Kosi River that flows from its birth place directly from North to South for 15 miles. Approximately 10 miles South of Almora, Kosi turns west from Sual River meeting place. Kosi river turns south from Chukam and flows likewise till Kashipur crossing Dhikuli, Chilkiya. Kankadighat and Khairna are at same distances from Bhujan where Angad Sardar was camping. There is a bend at Kosi river at Bhujan. A narrow path goes from that bend to Pantpipal and Amela of Kosi valley. Amela is situated 15 miles west of Bhujan and reaces to Almora. Lieutenant Colonel too a narrow path near to Pantpipal and Amela that is west of Kosi.
   There were a couple benefits for marching through alternate path for British troop. Gardner could easily contact with people of west of Kumaon and east of Garhwal.  That region was the fertile most region in Kumaon and British army could get food easily from the region. Even, British army could cut food supply from the region to Gurkha/Nepalese army staying at Almora. That path was also to cut communication line of Gurkha/Nepalese administrators from Kumaon to Garhwal. It was easy to capture Almora from that path as Gurkha cammanders did not pay attention on defending that path. While there were Gurkha army posts  on the main road of south west of Almora.

(From writings of B D Pande, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena,  Fraser etc) 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 7/4/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -768
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX                    Reference    
   
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
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History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; 
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal