Uttarakhand > Uttarakhand History & Movements - उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास एवं जन आन्दोलन
History of Gorkha Rules over Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh
Bhishma Kukreti:
British Declaration for East Garhwal
Division of Garhwal Kingdom -4
Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -296
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -826
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
After settling administration in Sirmaur, Hindur, Bushehr etc, William Frazer reached Shrinagar on 14th July 1815 by crossing Ganga at Jakhnai through Sanga boat. Frazer camped at Gulabbagh in Shrinagar. Same day, Sudarshan Shah reached to Shrinagar and camped at Kui Bagwan 9Tehri Archives).
Next day, Frazer declared that the region of east of Alaknand up to Rudraprayag and in north east of Mandakini was under British rule and people will be called the subjects (Praja) of British State. (Atkinson)
Frazer instructed that inhabitants should come back to their villages and should start normal agricultural activities. Frazer declared abolition of Slavery (Barda) from Garhwal. Frazer called the Kamin and Sayana (Villages chiefs and elites) of East Garhwal and told them that East Garhwal and Kumaon are now merged in one Pargana. From now, they (East Garhwal people) should understand under Edward Gardner.
Frazer informed Edward Gardner through a letter on 21st July 1815 about merger and also attached a list of Kamin and Sayana of East Garhwal. Frazer requested Gardner for taking charge immediately. Frazer mentioned that till that time the decision of East Bhagirathi region is undecided.
Frazer sent a few officers to Kumaon for taking instruction for East Garhwal.
List of Kamin and Sayana of East Garhwal
Frazer sent a list of Kamin and Sayanas of East Garhwal (July 1815) to Gardner as follows -
Pargana-------Patti --------------------------Sayana
1-Ajmir ------------------------------ Kalmu Raut, Dillu Bisht,Bisalu Inti
2-Udaypur--------------------------- Kalmu Bisht, Ultu Negi, Ubdalu Bisht, Dhaunterilu
-----------------------------------------Negi, Patta Bisht, Kalmu Negi, Bhagwan Payal,
----------------------------------------- Chhavanu Daftari (Kamin)
3- Salan --------1 Dhangu----------- Kalli raut, Bhurtu Raut, Sobhanu Bisht, Puriya Raut,
---------------------------------------- Kumlu Daftari (Kamin)
------------------2 Karandu ------------Gauru Bhandari, Uchhalu Raut,
-----------------3- Langurgarh---------Bagha Raut, Vinodu Bisht, Bilmu Raut
----------------4-Shila------------------ Rathan Singh, Ginur Singh Aswal
--------------- 5 Kaudiya -----------------Balvant Singh Rautela
---------------- 6- Chaundkot----------- Bhupchand Utanu Raut, Bhup Singh Raut, Viashalu Raut, --------------------------------------------- Premu Thaplyal, Kumtusing Negi, Dhaunkalusing Negi
---------------7- Badalpur ---------------- Mahtabu Negi, Shimseru Negi
--------------8- Kidiyakot-------------- Ghumaru Negi, Surju Negi
-------------9- Painon----------------------- Birsadu Gusain, Kulpu Negi
----------- 10- Bungi--------------------- Shimseru Negi
-------------11- Gujadu ------------------ Ulmatu Raut, Thoba Raut
---------------12---Khatli ---------------- Mohansing Raut, Banchu, Mansing, Mangalsing
---------------13- ?------------------------Sudas Negi
---------------14- Bangarsiyun -------------- Soibatsing Raut
---------------15- Dhoundhyalsyun---------- Dasrath Baman
----------------16- Meldhar -----------------------? Bhandari
---------------17- Talain------------------------ Dhuramu Negi, Anandu Negi, Bishnu Raut
----------------18- Kolagaddi-----------------Ubdalu raut
---------------- 19- Sainjdhar----------------- Bhuvanand , Gauri Baman
----------------20- Bijlout -----------------Samseru Negi
4- Barasyun (15 Patti) -------------------Munni Chandola, Khuntu Raut, Uchalu Bisht,
---------------------------------------------- Padmu Bisht, Udot Singh Bisht, Dilmani Baman,
---------------------------------------------- Mangu Bisht, Kateun Bisht, Dhansingh Bisht,
------------------------------------------- Kwinu Raut, Rikhwa Gusain, Narku, Dhirju, Nausheru, ------------------------------------------------Surbalu, Kafola, DillU, Dhansing, Gobindi, Naushersing, ---------------------------------------------Ubadalusing Aswal
5- Devalgarh----------------------------- Banchu Gusain, Kamsur Baman, Mutadu Negi
6- Chopdakot----------------------------Kweesing Bhandari, Sobanu Bhandari, Narku Bhandari, -----------------------------------------------Kalva Bhandari, Dhirju Negi
7- Dhanpur (Tambakhan) ----------- Uchhabu, Molsi Chaudhari
8- Chandpur---------------------------- Haraksing Kuwar, , Bhadursing Kuwar, Bhaguatsing Kuwar
------------------------------------------- Chandarmani Baman
9- Badhan- ---------------------------Ujmatsingh Raut, Nurutsing Raut , Gopalsing Raut,
----------------------------------------- Dharmu Negi, Dhanchu Muhira
10- Dasauli-------------------------- Mohansing Dikola, Bhuvanu Likhwar, Bhupsing Raut
--------------------------------------- Bhuvanu Kotin
11- Painkhanda --------------------- Bhavni Sing Negi, Dhansing Bhandari
12- Kapiri------------------------------ Diuli, Deetram, Jhuru
13- Kuthali----------------------------- Moosa
14- Nagpur ---------------------------- Dhannu Gusain, Samseru Bhandari, Kidaru Bhandari
------------------------------------------- Biju Raut, Pattu raut, Puran Kholi, Harku Raut,
----------------------------------- Pusu Bisht, Keedu Aswal, Seetal Chaudhari
15- Pinkandi ------------------------ Thurtu Nakhlada, Chaitu Bhandari, Gundha Bhandari, Banchu,
------------------------------------------- Thuku
16- Lobha------------------------------- Sumeru. Lutadu, Bunehu
(From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves of Tehri Kingdom Record etc.)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -827
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX Reference
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal
Bhishma Kukreti:
Revenge by Garhwalis
Division of Garhwal Kingdom -5
Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -297
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -827
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
As soon as Garhwalis came to know that British army with Sudarshan Shah reached Shrinagar, Garhwalis started taking revenge against Gurkha officials. Gurkha kept many Girls as their keeps by force. Now, Gurkha wanted taking shelter under parents of those girls. Most of parents did not help those Gurkha. Garhwali wives went with their Gurkha husbands for Nepal. Garhwalis killed many local Gurkha commanders. In some cases, British government helped Gurkha .
Bhishma Kukreti, (1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi) cites a folk story that shows the anger of Garhwalis against Gurkha –
Gyana and Binjara: Garhwali Folk Story
Usually, in Garhwal the names of crop fields or farming fields are based on the characteristics of the farm place and not on the basis of personal name. For example where ‘Laya’ is grown called ‘Layad’, ‘Banjan’ means the place where Oak (banj) forest is there, ‘Chaudi’ means the field are long and wide, ‘twal’ means the land is with lime etc.
Below in south of village Jaspur, Malla Dhangu (Pauri Garhwal), there is a place called ‘Gyana’ and in the east a place called Binjara. This author asked his elder uncle late Shri Murlidhar Kukreti about name of place (farming field) based on personal name.
My uncle told me the following story for such variation.
There was Gorkhyani or Gorkha (Nepal) rule over Garhwal more than a decade. Gorkha rulers and government servants were the cruelest most in our history. The soldiers used to burn the standing crops or used to plough standing crops. To kill a human being on petty mistakes was a common system in Gorkha rule. Gorkhyani or Gorkha rule is remembered with fear due to their aggressive, oppressive ways of ruling.
Ghansali was the military base of Gorkha soldiers and administrators for Dhangu, Udaypur and Dabralsyun. Among the Gorkha administrative officers, Gyan Singh and Binjara Singh were the cruelest.
When Gorkha rule came to an end, the Gorkha soldiers started running for their countries Nepal. People of Dhangu were so much terrorized by Gyan Singh and Binjara that people wanted to kill them. People started following Gyana and Binjara to kill both of them. Gyana ran and was caught in the southern territory of Jaspur village. People killed him there. Binjara was caught in the east of Jaspur in Gweel territory.
Now, where Gyan Singh was killed is called Gyana and where Binjara Singh was killed is called as Binjara’.
Jobs for Saklani Brothers
Shivram Saklani became darling of Baldock too. He arranged that his nephew Nandram (son of Kriparam Saklani) became orderly for Major Baldock. In June 1815, Shivram sent an application to Frazer for offering service with British government for his another nephew Kashiram Saklani. Frazer accepted the application, appointed Kashiram with British Government and wrote a letter on 19th June 1815, that Kashirma and Sudarshan Shah would work for the benefits of British Government. Kashiram became special man of Frazer and Nandram became trusted man of Baldock.
‘ Sanad’ or Order for Prasad Puri
Prasad Puri the chief Priest of Famous Kamleshwar Temple, Shrinagar met William Frazer. Prasad Puri showed the copper plates (order) about Garhwal King and Nepal Officials providing the specific land for the Kamleshwar Temple. According to Rutherford, Prasad Puri (as per Rutherford- Pasand Puri) secretly sent many information of Nepal administration to him. William Frazer got such information before priest meeting Frazer. On 23rd July British administration authorized the same land to Kamleshwar Temple that was offered by Garhwal King and Gurkha administration.
(From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves of Tehri Kingdom Record etc.)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 14/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -828
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX Reference
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal
Bhishma Kukreti:
Frazer and Sudarshan Shah in Delhi
Division of Garhwal Kingdom -6
Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -298
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -828
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
William Frazer informed to Edward Gardner that he would start journey for Delhi from Shrinagar on 24th July 1815. According to Archives of Tehri Kingdom, Sudarshan Shah went to Delhi on 24th July 1815 with William Frazer. Major Baldock and 5 officers were handed over the responsibility of Protecting Shrinagar. There were 500 soldiers with Major Baldock.
British Authorization for Sudarshan Shah
Sudarshan Shah was in Delhi till 25th December 1815. Before offering Kingdom to Sudarshan Shah, High Command asked various details from Frazer. Frazer sent his report on 16th October with a letter to the East India Company. On 17th November, the Cabinet of Governor General authorized the proposal about Garhwal and Sudarshan Shah (devar, English Pre Mutiny Records of Saharanpur) .
John Adam sent a letter to Frazer (Records Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon) -
1-The region of west of Alaknanda and Mandakini Rivers already added with Kumaon. The rest of region leaving Dehardun would be offered to Sudarshan Shah. The said region would be enough for day to day expenses and administrative expenses for Sudarshan Shah. Therefore, Sir Governor General took Dehradun with British rule.
2- Ochterlony informed that due to Defense strategy it is not good to give back Ravain. Therefore, Ravain region would be under British and would not be offered to King Sudarshan Shah.
3- Frazer wrote that Sudarshan Shah be allowed to stay in Shrinagar. Governor General raised question on that suggestion. Shrinagar is in left of the Alaknanda and comes under British rule. There will be many problems by Sudarshan Shah and his employees staying in Shrinagar. The king wants to stay there where he does not have any right.
4-If the King insists then you inform him that he would not be offered the Kingdom of West of Alaknanda and Mandakini.
5- If the King accepts the above conditions, you offer him the region of West of Alaknanda and Mandakini Rivers as King. We shall decide about administration in Ravain later stage.
6- The following conditions would be added in Authority letter (Declaration) –
A-In future, whenever there would be need, the King would arrange labor and food faculties British officials
B- The condones of British Government for taking responsibilities of defending King will be there till the King follows by heart the conditions of declaration letter.
High command authorized to Frazer for preparing a temporary Authorization letter for Sudarshan Shah on a paper. Frazer was asked to make a copy of authorization letter with translation and send that copy with translation to the Company. After some time, the permanent authorization letter with signature and stamp of Governor General would be sent to the King.
The land for Shivram Saklani was not included in the region offered to Sudarshan Shah on the temporary authorization letter by Frazer.
The permanent authorization letter (sanad) signed and stamp of Governor General was offered on 4th March 1820
(From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves of Tehri Kingdom Record etc.)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 15/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -829
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX Reference
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal
Bhishma Kukreti:
Governor General Authorization Letter for Tehri Kingdom
Division of Garhwal Kingdom -7
Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -299
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -829
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
Governor General sent an authorization letter for Tehri Kingdom as –
Since, the Garhwal Kingdom has come under British rule and Sudarshan Shah the King of Old Garhwal Kingdom showed faithfulness and enthusiasm for British Government, the cabinet council of Governor General offers the Garhwal region forever barring following conditions-
1-East of Alaknanda and East of Mandakini till it meets to Alaknanda (Rudraprayag)
2- Dehradun
3-Raingarh Pargana
The duty of the King would be that he administrates the region that people get prosperity and comforts. The King would administrate with fair means, will collect tax and will consume accordingly.
For that the King will abolish slavery custom. According to British law slavery is prohibited.
Whenever British government requires that time the King will offer labor and food supply. The King will have to permit and offer infrastructure for the people (British subjects) for going to Tibet through the Tehri Kingdom. He will have to accept the instruction of British officials.
British Government assures to the King that he or his heirs would rule over the region till the king or heirs follow the above (British) instructions. British Government also promises to defend the region from his enemies.
British Offering Shivram the Land as Muafi
Frazer was very much influenced by the works of Shivram for British. Shivram sent an appeal with the documents of Jagir of Diuri, Saklana; Athur Taluka Ediyarganv, Sunarganv, of Tehri Garhwal and Bajarwala Taluka of Dehradun offered by Garhwal King Pradyuman Shah. Shivram showed Sanad to Frazer. William Frazer offered a Sanad (Authorized document or certificate) –
“ Shivram has done a deep service to British and he was always with the British army. Therefore, it is instructed that the land of Saklana, Diuri, and Athur Taluka of hill region would be under Shivram till new order is received. Mauja Bajawala of Dehradun would be under till his life . One authorized instruction is to be provided to Shivram.”
According to Minya Premsingh, Shivram showed fake documents offered by Gurkha to British officials that he was the real heirs of Garhwal Kings. However, Sudarshan Shah reached there at the same time. Shivram touched the feet of Sudarshan Shah and asked pardon. Sudarshan Shah was aware of Shivram’s influence of Frazer. Sudrashan Shah did not oppose the offering of Frazer and offered Shivram the six villages of Khas Patti to Shivram as jagir.
Tehri as New Capital of Garhwal
Sudarshan Shah returned from Delhi to Haridwar and took his two wives Sirmaurji and Bamori ji with other family members. In Dehradun he took the blessing of Mahant Harsevak of Guru Ram ray and Mahant offered two silver rods, two drums and a turban to Sudarshan Shah.
On 17th Falgun Samvat 1872 (February 1816) , Sudarshan Shah reached to Tehri with his wives and family members. Sudarshan Shah established his capital in Tehri.
Eyewash methods by British or Crookedness of British
British offered back the Kingdoms to all Kings of Himachal barring a couple of Kings without taking any tax.
British took following Kingdoms with it-
Jaunsar and Babar of Sirmaur (Garhwal)
Sabathu Garh and Sabathu Pargana
Raingarh, Rain Garh Pargana and Sindhuk of Bushehr
British showed that it give Sudarshan Shah the Kingdom just for mercy and curtsey A document by Atkinson (Himalayan Districts, page 680). The document shows that British accused Sudarshan Shah for not trying anything to Nepal- British war. The document states that british offered Tehri Kingdom because Sudarshan Shah was spending his life in poverty.
(From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves of Tehri Kingdom Record etc.)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 17/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -830
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX Reference
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal
Bhishma Kukreti:
Sugauli Treaty
Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -300
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -830
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)
British captured Dehradun, Garhwal Kumaon and Himachal. British officials started administrating those regions. However, there was no written statement from Nepal court for those regions as British region. Nepal court could not win the above regions but in future, Nepal could claim rights of the above Himalayan regions. Amar Singh Thapa and other commanders had opinion that the lost region could be taken back by force. Therefore, British officials were eager for written agreement with Nepal.
British was not ready only for rule over west of Kali River but British wanted to take the disputed land of Bhabhar and Tarai too. British Government wanted to weaken Nepal by all means.
Endeavors of Guru Gajraj Mishra
Gajraj Mishra the Guru of Nepal King Ranbahadur was in exile in Banaras. Before, the war started, Nepal King sent money to Mishra that he starts dialogues for treaty with British government. However, Gajraj Mishra did not act on that time. However, after Nepal came under distress, Guru Gajraj Mishra became ready for starting dialogues with British officials. Gajraj Mishra reached Kathmandu with Chandrasekhar after receiving request from Nepal king. (Sanwal). Nepal officials were eager for treaty with British.
Nepal King provided an authorization letter with his seal to Gajraj Mishra.
On 28th May 1815, Gajraj Mishra and Chandrasekhar met Lieutenant Colonel Bradshaw in Sugauli.
Bradshaw put a paper of conditions before them. Bradshaw put condition of region of Bhabhar and Tarai from Kali to Sista, British asked Nepal to hand over Nagari and Nagarkot region for Sikkim.
Guru Gajraj did not agree for the conditions of British.Gajrak Mishra explained that he was not authorized for Nepal leaving Tarai , Nagari and Nagarkot.
After failure of meeting of Mishra and Bradshaw, High Command asked Edward Gardner for having discussion with Bamshah.
(From writings of Atkinson, Preamble, , Saxsena, Fraser, Princep, Maularam, Balchandra Sharma, Sanwal, English pre mutiny records, Dehradun vol., 8; Saklani, Mutiny records Kumaon; Achieves of Tehri Kingdom Record etc.)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 18/6/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -831
*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX Reference
Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …
Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories
Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal
Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda
Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race
Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal
I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal
L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:
Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021
Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173
B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas
Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha
Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations
Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon
Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press
Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh
A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps
Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1
Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya
J B Fraser , Asiatic Research
Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered
Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal
Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern
Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti
John Premble, Invasion of Nepal
Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal
Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company
Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler
Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon
Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)
Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)
Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika
XXX
History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History of Nepal, History of Doti Nepal, History of Nepalese/ Gurkha regime
Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal
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