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Author Topic: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊं/गढ़वाल)  (Read 236865 times)

Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #170 on: October 17, 2013, 11:53:23 AM »
 History of Chand King Rudra Chandra: A Contemporary King of Akbar the Great 
 
             (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 167

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

    Ruling period of Chand King Rudra Chandra – 1568-1597
              The Rudra Chandra inscriptions are available of years- 1565, 1567,1568,1575,1581,1594,1596,1597.
           The Chand king Rudra Chandra was contemporary to Akbar the Great (1556-1605); Garhwali kings Sahajpal (1548-1581); Balram Shah (1581-1591) and Man Shah (1591-1611).
                 Akbar the Great rule also affected Uttarakhand as the rule affected other Indian territories culturally and politically.
  When Chand king Balo Kalyan Chandra died his son Rudra Chandra was quite young.

               The Chand Kingdom at the time of Rudra Chandra Coronation 

   When the Chand king Rudra Chandra was crowned, the Chand kingdom was recently extended and the rule was not stable. In 1559, his grandfather king Bhishma Chandra was killed by rebellions.
  The Danpur and Sor were recently included in Chand Kingdom.  The Danpur people were called as monsters. Sor people were also famous for their cunningness and conspiracy deeds.
  When Balo Kalyan Chandra died his queen did not burn herself with the king as her son was in his teen. Rudra Chandra was intellectual and brave from his childhood. The queen arranged for his studies. Rudra Chandra used to take advices from his mother. The queen (his mother) was under the influence of Purohit or trusted Brahmins. That means there was influence of his mother and Purohit (Brahmins) on the Chand King Rudra Chandra.

                                  Establishing Baleshwar Temple
                 Immediately after his coronation, Rudra Chandra got the information that the Jagirdar of Kanth-Gola (Shahjahanpur) captured Mal (plains or Tarain of present Kumaon). A sage from Champawat (Baleshwar) informed King Rudra Chandra that an idol of lord Shiva is under the earth in Baleshwar. The Sage Ram Datt advised Rudra Chandra to dig out the Shiva idol and establish the temple. There was an idol when the digging was started in Baleshwar. The king built Shiva temple at Baleshwar (in Champawat).  The King ordered each nearby farmers of Baleshwar territory to donate a Nali cereal to the temple. The King appointed Ram Datt as chief priest of Baleshwar temple.  There is a Samadhi/burial place of Ram Datt in Baleshwar. It is said that the priests of Gannath temple are successors of Ram Datt.

*** Read about attack on Uttarakhand from Jagirdars of Akbar the great in History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 168

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 17/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham , 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -168
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History of Chand King Rudra Chandra: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Pithoragarh, Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Dwarhat, Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Baleshwar, Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Danpur, Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Sor Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Gangoli, Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Almora, Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Bageshwar, Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Champawat Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Nainital Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Ranikhet, Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Udhamsingh Nagar Kumaon: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Kumaon, Uttarakhand: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Kumaon, Himalaya: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Kumaon, North India: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great; History of Chand King Rudra Chandra of Kumaon, South Asia: A Contemporary of Akbar the Great;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #171 on: October 18, 2013, 01:03:31 PM »
 Brutal Attacks on Uttarakhand by Cruel Jagirdars (Chieftains) of Cruel, Cunning Akbar the so called Great
             (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 168

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                  The so called great Akbar was in fact a cunning Badshah. The historians of Ain-e- Akbari and Tarikhe Badauni tell the brutality by chieftains of so called great Akbar.
                      According to Ain-e-Akbari , the Kanth- Gola (Shahjahanpur) chieftain of so called the great Akbar (most probably Husain Khan Tukdiya) attacked and looted Uttarakhand and destroyed Hindu temples and worshipping places. The chieftain of Kanth-Gola (Shahjahanpur) of so called the great Akbar was mean, cruel, and inhuman.  The brutal Kanth –Gola Jagirdar (chieftain) of so called the great Akbar learned that there are huge quantity of gold and silver in the temples of Shivalik mountain series and above region. The brutal, dead set against Hindu, Kanth –Gola chieftain of so called the great Akbar attacked various regions of Kumaon and looted the regions viciously.  The Tarikhe Badauni states that cruel chieftain of so called great Akbar reached to that hill region where Sultan Muhmmad was killed by Chand or Katyuri soldiers. It is said in the above book that cruel, mean, malicious, unkind chieftain of so called the great Akbar paid tribute to Sultan Muhamad. Neither historical evidences nor folklores support the events of  Tarikhe Badauni but the accounts show the brutality of Shahjahanpur chieftain of so called the great Akbar. According to Tarikhe Badauni, Husain Khan reached to Raika kingdom (now in Nepal) near Tibet and looted there. Tarikhe Badauni states that Kumaoni soldiers paid pain to soldiers of cruel chieftain of so called the great Akbar.
                    Around 1575, the army of Shahjahanpur chieftain of so called the great Akbar attacked on Vasantpur of Kumaon. Vasantpur was very wealthy city. There in Vasantpur, the army of Shahjahanpur chieftain (Jagirdar) of so called the great and secular king Akbar destroyed the Hindu worshipping places, destroyed villages and looted the region with brutal means. Kumaoni soldiers resisted and the cruel chieftain Husain got wound on his solder. After looting and destroying Vasantpur region, the cruel chieftain returned to Shahjahanpur and he died in Gadhmukteshwar.   
                 Now the question is raised on the historians who titled Akbar as the Great. Without permission from Akbar, his chieftain could not attack on any territory and looted inhumanly. It means by nature, the so called great Akbar was mean, cruel, inhuman and brutal. The so called great Akbar used to order his chieftain to loot worshipping places and harass, suppress the Hindu people and before people, he used to show that he was kind and secular. 
** Read other cruelty and brutality of chieftains Akbar in History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 169

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 18/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham , 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -169
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Bhabhar; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on hills of Kumaon; Historical aspects of brutal destruction, and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Udham Singh Nagar; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Kumaoni hills; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Hills of Doti; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Khatima region ; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Champawat kingdom; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Chand king ; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Kumaon Tarain; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Uttarakhand ; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Central Himalaya; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Dehradun; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Bhabhar Garhwal; Historical aspects of brutal destruction and looting by chieftains of the so called great Akbar on Senapani region of Kumaon
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #172 on: October 23, 2013, 10:36:51 AM »
Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on Kumaon

        (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 169

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                        From Uttarakhand point of view, Akbar was simple a cruel ruler and not greater ruler. According to Tabkat –i-Akbari, Sultan Ibrahim was chieftain of Akbar for Auba near Hirat. According to Tabkat –i-Akbari, Ibrahim won Koh-iDaman the Kumaoni territory. The time period is not known. It seems the event took place after death of Hussain Khan Tukadiya, 1575.
  According to Kumaoni folklore s, at the time of death of Husain Khan, Rudra Chandra the Chand king (1565-1597) started taking decision without interference of his mother and officers. Rudra Chandra reached to Tarai region of Kumaon and he compelled Muslim Savants to run away from Kumaon. Knowing the incident that Rudra Chandra compelled Muslim commanders leave from Kumaon Tarai, the Mogul ruler of Delhi sent huge army to help Katehar Mogul commander. Mogul army marched to Kumaon Tarai. Rudra Chandra knew that it is not possible for him to win over mogul army. Rudra Chandra offered an advice to Mogul Commander of Katehar that it would better to fight one to one that people are not harassed. The Katehar Mogul commander agreed upon the advice of Chand King Rudra Chandra. There was fight between soldiers on one to one basis. It was decided that the sub commander of Mogul would fight with sub commander of Rudra Chandra on one to one basis. Commander of Rudra Chandra defeated Mogul sub commander. Mogul Katehar commander returned to Knowing the win of Rudra Chandra, Badshah Akbar invited Rudra Chandra to meet him in Lahore.
  However, there is no logic in this folklore. No Mogul commander would accept the offer of Rudra Chandra for one to one fight between commanders. It might be true that Sultan Ibrahim might have attacked on Rudra Chandra and Rudra Chandra would have defeated Sultan Ibrahim
  Historians as Dr Dabral suggest that Rudra Chandra paid tribute to Akbar in Lahore in 1588AD.

 **Read more about Muslim fanatics opposing Akbar and the political situation in Kumaon in History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 169


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 21/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -170
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on Kumaon;  Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on Plains of Kumaon; Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on Hill foots of  Kumaon; Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on North of Pilibhit, Kumaon; Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on North of Moradabad that is Kumaon; Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on North of Brelli that is Kumaon; Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on Bhabhar region of Kumaon; Attack by Cruel Sultan Ibrahim the Chieftain of the so called Great Akbar on North of Rampur that is Kumaon;         
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #173 on: October 24, 2013, 10:57:18 AM »
Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of a Kumaoni King Rudra Chandra

        (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 170

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                        The historians have two three medium of knowing the history of Rudra Chandra a Chand King of certain Kumaon regions.  Ain-e-Akbari-; Tarikhe Badauni, Akbari Darbar, Akbarnama and folklores from Kumaon region are the medium of knowing about history aspects of Rudra Chandra a contemporary of Akbar .
                 It is said that the commander of Rudra Chandra defeated the commander of Katehar chieftain of Akbar in Tarai region. Akbar invited Chand king Rudra Chandra to talk in 1581. However, due to soft corner of Akbar for Hindus raged the Muslim fanatics not only in India but in his forefather territory too.
              The opposition from Muslim fanatics changed the affected political situation all across India including Middle Himalayan region –Garhwal and Kumaon.
 The chieftains of Bengal and Bihar were displeased from social reform by Akbar. The fanatical Islamic religious leaders decided to crown Muhammad Hakim (brother of Akbar and was regional head of Kabul) for India. The Islamic religious leader/Kaji of Jaunpur declared (fatava) that it was a duty of each Muslim to oppose Akbar.  There was revolt against Akbar in Bihar, Bengal, Awadh, and places as Allahabad.   Muhammad Hakim started his journey to come Agra (the capital of Mogul). Akbar started his journey to Punjab for suppressing the revolt of his brother Muhammad Hakim. The chieftain of Katehar revolted against Akbar when Akbar was in Punjab. The Mogul commanders Arab Bahadur, Niyamat Khan and Shahddan of Sambha revolted against Akbar and surrounded Bareli fort.  The armies of these commanders started looting Kumaoni people in Bhabhar, Tarai and hill regions.   Akbarnama by Shrivastava describes that chieftains of Kumaon regions also started looting the Mogul territory. Raja Ram Shah, Mukutsen and Karan of Kumaon regions also inspired people under Mogul territory to revolt against Akbar.
 The Mogul chieftain of Bareli Ain-e-Mulk discarded among rebellions and got Niyamat Khan and Kumaoni chieftains on his side. Ain-e-Mulk defeated the rebellions Arab Bahadur   and Shahddat. They flew into hills of Kumaon. Arab Bahadur started looting people of Kumaon hills and Bhabhar region. Abdul Fatah killed Arab Bahadur in Sherkot Pargana of Kumaon.
                      Akbarnama describes Raja Ram Shah, Mukutsen and Karan as hill kings. However, such names are not found there in Kumaoni history of that time. It seems that Raja Ram Shah, Mukutsen and Karan were Thokdar or regional heads of Chand king.
   
**Read more on Seera conquer by Rudra Chandra in History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 171

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 24/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -171   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of a Kumaon region; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of a Champawat; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Almora a Kumaon region; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon region; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Ranikhet Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Nainital  Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Danpur Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Sore, Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Gangolihat Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Khagmara Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Faldakot Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Pali Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  baramandal Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Kumaon north to Pilibhit; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Kumaon north to Bareli ; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Kumaon Moradabad;     
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #174 on: October 25, 2013, 11:58:48 AM »
Winning Seera Territory by Rudra Chandra a Chand King contemporary to Akbar

     (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 171

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                In 1581 AD, there was instability in north India due to opposition of Akbar from fanatic Muslim chieftains and hard core Muslim religious leaders. 
  Gangoli and Sore were already under Chand regime in Kumaon. Balo Kalyan Chandra father of Rudra Chandra tried to win Seera territory of Katyuri Rajwar family but did not get success. On the contrary Balo Kalyan Chandra was killed in the war. 
               Rudra Chandra attacked on Seera territory ruled by Katyuri –Rajwar family ruler. However, Raika king Hari Mall defeated Rudra Chandra very badly.  Rudra Chandra was forced to flee from Seera and took shelter in Gangoli. Rudra Chandra returned to Almora.
             Rudra Chandra came to conclusion that without knowing the power and strategic points of Raika King of Seera, he could not win over Seera.  There was Purushottam Pant a wealthy and knowledgeable person in Gangoli.  It was believed that Pant got wealth from Manikoti kings (the earlier rulers of Gangoli). Rudra Chandra came to know that only Purushottam Pant could offer him the inside story and strategic points of Raika king of Seera.
           Rudra Chandra called Purushottam Pant to his court. Initially, Purushottam Pant pretended to come to court. Rudra Chandra threatened Pant that if he did not come to court Pant would be fined for one lakh rupees. Purushottam Pant had to come to court.  The Chand king of Almora Rudra Chandra handed over Pant to chalk out strategy for winning over Seera Garh, Kumaon and Badhan Garh Garhwal.
  Purushottam Pant and Rudra Chandra attacked Seera Garh for three times. Every time, the ruler of Seera Raika Hari Mall defeated Rudra Chandra every time. Every time, Rudra Chandra lost his soldier’s lives.
              There was maternal uncle from Bichral caste of Purushottam Pant in Seera. With the aid of a Brahmin woman from Seera, Purushottam Pant came to know that there was an underground canal to supply water to army of Seera. Purushottam Pant also came to know the road through which Seera army used to get food supply.
  Initially, Rudra Chandra attacked on peripheral border of Seera and Raika King of Seera had to send his armed force in parts from Seera to various border regions.  By deploying armed forces of Seera Garh in parts to various destinations, the power of Seera army was reduced.  Purushottam Pant stopped the supply of water of underground canal and also cut the food supply to Seera Garh.  Rudra Chandra defeated Seera king Hari Mall. Hari Mall ran away to Doti. Now, there was rule of Rudra Chandra over Seera.
               Rudra Chandra exiled the exiled high post people and rich men dedicated to Katyuri family and appointed Rautela in place of Katyuri dedicated administrators.
                   As soon as Rudra Chandra won over Seera Garh, the western terrorizes t of Kali River as Askot, Johar, Darma also came under Chand regime. Here, too, Rudra Chandra appointed Rautela in administration and did send the Katyuri dedicated administrators into exile. 
        It is said that after winning Seera, Askot, johar, Darma , the mother of Rudra Chandra became Sati.

                                   Awarding Purushottam Pant by Rudra Chandra

                 Due to strategic actions of Purushottam Pant, now, Chand regime had rule over all over Kumaon or Manas Bhumi barring Manil and Katur.  Rudra Chandra awarded land to Purushottam Pant and ordered a copper inscription in 1581. Purushottam Pant became Jagirdar.  The copper inscription describes the bravery, poise acts etc of Balo Kalyan Chandra and Rudra Chandra. In this copper inscription, there is praise for Purushottam Pant as knowledgeable, great minister who dishonored Doti king.     


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 25/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -172   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History aspects of contemporary of King of Kumaon -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Pithoragarh Kumaon -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Bageshwar Kumaon -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Dwarhat Kumaon -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Almora Kumaon -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Nainital Kumaon -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Ranikhet Kumaon -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Kumaon (North India) -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History aspects of contemporary of King of Kumaon (Middle Himalaya  -Rudra Chandra a contemporary  to Akbar ; History of Kumaon, History of Uttarakhand
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #175 on: October 26, 2013, 10:35:32 AM »
Characteristics of Rule in Kumaon by Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar -1

     (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 172

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                                       Administration in Askot in Rudra Chandra rule

        Various territories of Katyuri came under the rule of Rudra Chandra. However, Rudra Chandra did not disturb the ruling Askot by Rajwar Katyuri. Now, Rajwar Katyuri was chieftain under Rudra Chandra and not under Doti. It was not necessary for Rajwar chieftain to attend the court of Rudra Chandra. Kuru Gusain was a Kunvar or prince from Katyuri family. Kunwar Kuru Gusain was having good knowledge of Darma and Johar. Rudra Chandra appointed Kuru Gusain as in charge of Land management and tax /revenue collection for Darma and Johar regions.
                Jumala ruler was in charge of Vyans-Chaudans.
                  Rudra Chandra settled Rajput Jameendar (dasila, Bhainsoda, Malada, Mansara and Chilal)  of Chaugarkha, Baramandal, Mansari in Seera region.

                               Jagir of Tarai in Rudra Chandra rule
          Kanth-Gola Jagirdar Husain Khan Tukdiya of Akbar or Mogul captured a Tarai portion of Chand Kingdom. After death of Husain Khan, Rudra Chandra tried to free Tarai from Mogul territory but a Mansavdar of Akbar that is Sultan Ibrahim failed the acts of Rudra Chandra.
 Till 1581, Rudra Chandra was busy capturing Katyuri territory or consolidating the captured territory.
                   Meeting with Akbar

     In 1588, Rudra Chandra met Badshah Akbar in Lahor with gifts as Yak and dear musk. Rudra Chandra met Akbar with son of Todar mal the interpreter. It seems that Rudra Chandra did not capture Tarai territory by battle but by requesting Akbar.

                 Freedom from not attending Akbar court
 
                 In folklore, it is said that in Lahore, Badshah Akbar sent Rudra Chandra to attend Naguar fort. Where, the soldiers of Rudra Chandra showed many brave acts. Pleasing from bravery of Kumaoni soldiers, Akbar returned Chaurasi Mal to Rudra Chandra and freed Rudra Chandra for attending Mogul court to. Rudra Chandra appointed Birbal (minister in Akbar court) his priest. The successors of Birbal used to visit Kumaon and used to collect donations from Chand kings till 1789.


*** Characteristics of Rule in Kumaon by Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar to be continued in History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 172


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 26/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -173   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #176 on: October 27, 2013, 10:26:17 AM »
   Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in The rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar

   (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 173

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti
  From Akbar to Rohila’s attack, there were two parts of Kumaon Tarai/terai or foot hills.
1-The Terai/Foot hills of Kumaon under Mogul
2-Kumaon Terai/Foot hills under Chand Kings as Jagirdar
              The foot hills of Kumaon or part of today’s Udham Singh Nagar near Nainital foot hills were under Akbar or Mogul regime. Mogul used to call it Kumaon Jila or Kumaon Sarkar. Mogul divided Kumaon Sarkar or Jila into twenty one sub divisions (Mahalon). On the Akbar period the value of Kumaon Sarkar was Rs. (Dam) 20, 21,885.
S.N. --Name in Akbar Period ----------------Present Name
1---- Aodan ----------------------------------------Khedi ki Tarai
2-Bhuksi -----------------------------------------Buksad and Rudrapur
3—Bhaksa
4-Bastara
5- Panchotar
6-Bhakendewar
7-Bhakti
8-Bhuri
9-Ratila
10-Chhatki
11-Jakram
12-Jarda
13-Jaon
14-Choli
15-Sahajgarh-----------Jaspur
16-Gajarpur------------Gadarpur
17-Dwarkot ---------------Thakurdwara
18-Malwada----------------Mal tarai
19-Malla Chaud -----------------Bhabhar portion
20-Seeta Chaud ---------------- Bhabhar portion
21-Kamus ------------------------- Bhabhar portion
                        Jagir under Rudra Chandra in Akbar Period

            The Jagir in Terai Bhabhar for Rudra Chandra (provided by Akbar) was divided into five subdivisions of Mahal or Patti. Due to its huge length it was called Chaurasi mal. Due to its taxation value for nine lakh rupees it was also called Naulakhiya Mal.  The Patti were –
S.N. --Name in Akbar Period ----------------Present Name
1-Sahajgir------------------------------------------Jaspur
2-Kota----------------------------------------------Kashipur
3-Mundiya--------------------------------------Bajpur
4-Gadarpur ------------------------------------Gadarpur
5-Buksad-----------------------------------------Rudrapur  and Kilpuri
6-Bakhsi--------------------------------------Nakmata
7-Chhinki------------------------------------------Sarbana

                 Establishing Rudrapur
  Chand King Rudra Chandra established a town Rudrapur in Terai. Rudra Chandra appointed officers in each Pargana. One officer was Kashinath. Kashinath established Kashipur town. In later stage, Kota Pargana was joined into Kashipur.
 The boundary of Terai Kumaon was from west of Sharada and east of Pali Rivers and in north border was Bhabhar. South was under Mogul rule.
 
                 Building a Palace by Rudra Chandra in Almora

   Rudra Chandra got chance to see the palace of Mogul. Impressed by palace of mogul, Rudra Chandra built a palace for him. Rudra Chandra built temples of Devi and Bhairav in place of his parental palace.
          Due to getting plains of Kumaon as Jagir from Mogul Akbar, Chand kings did not have problems of outside attacks in Bhabhar and Terai of Kumaon till 1760.
 Now, Chand kingdom had rule all over Manas Bhumi or present Kumaon. 
  Chand kingdom saw a golden period in Rudra Chandra period. The Chand kingdom was strong now.
Now, new acts from Chand kings were also initiated. Chand King sent those in exile who were opposing them Chand awarded to those who were blind supporters of Chand kingdom.
 Attacking Doti (Katyuri) and Garhwal kingdom without any sound reasons at any time also started from Rudra Chandra period.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 27/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -174   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on History aspects of Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of today’s Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Khedi ki Terai, Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Buksad, Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Rudrapur Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Jaspur Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Gadarpur Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Thakurdwara Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Mal Terai Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Bhabhar Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Kashipur, Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Bajpur, Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Kilpuri, Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Nakmata, Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Sarbana, Kumaon Foothills (Terai) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Kumaon Foothills (Terai) , now part of Uttarakhand )Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar; History aspects of Kumaon Foothills (Terai), (North India  ) Administration in the rule of Rudra Chandra a King contemporary to Akbar;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #177 on: October 28, 2013, 03:46:37 PM »
Attack on Badhan Garh, Garhwal by Rudra Chandra a Kumaoni king contemporary to Akbar

 (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 174

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

             There were many important Garhis on the eastern border of Garhwal kingdom touching Chand kingdom.  There used to be Garhwal army in those Garhi. Chand king who had captured almost whole Kumaon was in his rule extension mood. That means that Balram Shah the Guardian of Garhwal king Man shah was aware about extension mood of Rudra Chandra.
       Sukhaldev Katyuri king was ruler of Katyur, Garud, and Baijnath   (a small portion of Manasbhumi or Kumaon).
             Due to power of Chand king Garhwal king and Sukhaldev had friendship treaty. For attacking on Garhwal for Rudra Chandra, the road from Baijnath –Garud was simpler road.  Badhan Garh of Garhwal kingdom was on the border of Kumaon and Garhwal kingdoms. By capturing Badhan Garh it was easy for Rudra Chandra to capture Pindar valley of Garhwal kingdom. From Pindar valley, the road was from Garhwal capital Shri Nagar. Therefore, to capture Garhwal capital Shrinagar, it was essential to capture Badhan Garh.
Rudra Chandra ordered Purushoattam Pant to capture Badhan Garh.  Knowing the future attack by Chand king on Garhwal, the Garhwal king and Katyuri ruler Sukhaldev had friendly treaty. It was sure that Chand army had to pass through Katyuri region.  Balram Shah sent a platoon at Gwaldam and also arranged army at hills of Badhan region. Purushottam Pant with army marched towards Garhwal via Katyuri region and Sukhaldev could not resist.  However, when army of Pant passed ahead towards Garhwal, Sukhaldev cut the ammunition and food.
                         Battle of Gwaldam
             Around 1590-91 (Though Walton states the year 1581), there was fierce battle between armed forces of Chand king and Garhwal king. 
         A Padyar Rajput killed Purushottam Pant. Padyar Rajput reached with head of Purushottam Pant and Garhwal king rewarded Padyar Rajput that land through which Padyar Rajput came with head of Purushottam Pant. As soon as Commander Purushottam Pant was killed the Chand army ran away to Almora.
                         Killing of Sukhaldev

          When Purushottam Pant was killed and the attack on Garhwal was failed Chand King Rudra Chandra decided to destroy Sukhaldev Katyuri.  Chand army destroyed Katyuri region and poisoned Sukhaldev and his family members.  Garhwali king did not help Katyuri ruler Sukhaldev.
     Rudra Chandra was just to punish Katyuri ruler Sukhaldev. In the mean time Rautu an old Gram Pradhan (village council chief) of Rudra Chandra came and he suggested freeing Sukhaldev. Rautu promised that after six month, Rautu will come with Sukhaldev in court of Chand king.  After some time, Rudra Chandra asked Sukhaldev to attend court but he refused to do so. Again Rudra Chandra army attacked on Katyuri region and destroyed. The battle was fought in Baijnath. Sukhaldev was killed in this battle. Rautu was also killed. Rudra Chandra exiled family members of Sukhaldev. Now, it was the end of Katyuri kingdom from Manasbhumi or Kumaon forever.
  The reason for Garhwal king not helping Sukhaldev is not known.



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 28/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -175   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on Medieval History of Kumaon; Medieval History of Pithoragarh Kumaon; Medieval History of Bageshwar, Kumaon; Medieval History of Baijnath, Kumaon; Medieval History of Garud, Kumaon; Medieval History of Champawat Kumaon; Medieval History of Nainital, Kumaon; Medieval History of Almora, Kumaon; Medieval History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Medieval History of Kumaon, Himalaya ; Medieval History of Kumaon, North India ; Medieval History of Kumaon, South Asia ;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #178 on: October 29, 2013, 12:37:32 PM »
Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Kumaon King contemporary to Akbar

(History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 175

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

  Sanskrit Promotion in the rule of Rudra Chandra the Kumaon King contemporary to Akbar

            Rudra Chandra promoted Sanskrit by sheltering Sanskrit scholars and Sanskrit ritual pundits. Rudra Chandra the Kumaon King contemporary to Akbar did arrange Sanskrit education in his territory. It is said that at the time of Rudra Chandra the Kumaon King contemporary to Akbar, the Sanskrit scholars and astrologers of Kumaon or Manasbhumi were competent to compete Sanskrit scholars of Banaras and Kashmir.
                 Rudra Chandra the Kumaon King contemporary to Akbar wrote four Sanskrit books. The book ‘Usharagodaya’ a drama written by Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) was published by Sampurnanand Sanskrit University Banaras.  ‘Shyainikshastra’ written by Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) was published by Asiatic Society Kolkata.  There are four hundred Shlokas in ‘Shyainikshastra’. ‘Shyainikshastra’ written by Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) is about the techniques of hunting.  The other Sanskrit literature ‘Yayati Charitam’ and ‘Traivnikdharmanirnay’ written by Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) are still unpublished.
 There were tens of Sanskrit scholars in Manasbhumi or Kumaon at the time of Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar).
   Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) built new temples and repaired various old temples as Jageshwar, Kedareshwar . No Chand king is equal to Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) in terms of scholar, prosperity and kingdom extension. Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) is called “Harsh- Shiladitya’ of Kumaon.
     
                 General Administration of Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar)

            Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) is also remembered for his new taxation system on land in Kumaon.  His son who was blind by birth Shakti Gusain helped his father in revenue management. His chief administrators were Joshi of Silkhola and Bisht.
                         The salary for court employees were not paid by cash but from the income from fixed villages.   Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) invented new tax as ‘Bakhudiya kar’. This tax was for managing court horses and horse riders.
  Prosperity in the rule of Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar)
                 In the history of Chand dynasty in Kumaon the rule of Rudra Chandra (a Kumaoni King contemporary to Akbar) was the most prosperous period.
       There were discussions in Indian plains about prosperity in Kumaon and Garhwal in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
 A European trader William Finch visited India from 1608-161. William Finch described that there was a very strong king Rodaro (Rudra Chandra) crossing gangues and it was in hills. His capital was Kumau(Kumaon). The length of his kingdom is ‘Char sau kosh’ and width is slightly lesser than length.  His kingdom grows food grains in huge quantity.  People grow low heighted, strong, agile Goonth or   Bhotiya horses. The king had huge artillery and lesser elephant and horse cavalry.  The border of this king was touching China (Tibet).
  A Farista described (1923) about a very prosperous hill kingdom naming Kumaon but that kingdom seems to be Garhwal kingdom. Farista wrote that there are five kingdoms in north (of Mogul kingdom)- Kuch, Jammu, Nagarkot, Kumaon and Bhimbhar. The kingdom of Kumaon was huge. The people get gold dust from land.  There are mines of copper and the borders touch Tibet. In south the border touches Sambhal. The numbers of artillery force (including horse and elephant cavalry) is 80,000. The Delhi King respected the king. His revenue is huge. They did not touch their ancestor money. It is believed that the king who used his forefather’s wealth that king would be poor. Therefore the wealth of 56 Rajkosh are intact.
          However, the above descriptions by Farista tally with Mahipat Shah of Garhwal kingdom the 54th king in Pawar dynasty. From the past time, there were mines of copper and other metal in Garhwal than Kumaon. The gold was extracted from sand of Gang and Yamuna bank from old time in Garhwal. 
 The description was on exaggerated side. Due to perception for being highly prosperous zones, the kings from plains used to attack on Uttarakhand.
 The last inscription of Rudra Chandra is of 1597. It seems that Rudra Chandra died in 1597.



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 29/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -176   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Pithoragarh, Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Champawat, Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Nainital, Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Almora, Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Ranikhet Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Bageshwar , Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Jageshwar Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Udham Singh nagar, Kumaon King Contemporary to Akbar; History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Kumaon King of North india Contemporary to Akbar ;History notes on Characteristics of General Administrations of Rudra Chandra the Kumaon King  (South Asia) Contemporary to Akbar
Notes on Medieval History of Kumaon; Medieval History of Pithoragarh Kumaon; Medieval History of Bageshwar, Kumaon; Medieval History of Baijnath, Kumaon; Medieval History of Garud, Kumaon; Medieval History of Champawat Kumaon; Medieval History of Nainital, Kumaon; Medieval History of Almora, Kumaon; Medieval History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Medieval History of Kumaon, Himalaya; Medieval History of Kumaon, North India ; Medieval History of Kumaon, South Asia ;
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Bhishma Kukreti

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Re: History of Uttarakhand, Kumaon & Garhwal-उत्तराखंड का इतिहास (कुमाऊ & गढ़वाल)
« Reply #179 on: October 30, 2013, 11:41:49 AM »
History of Lakshmi Chand /Lakshman Chandra a Kumaoni King Contemporary to Jahangir

(History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 176

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti
 
       Lakshmi Chandra is described in different records as Jahangirnama, Manoday, Smritikaustabh by Lakhmi Chand, Lakshman Chandra or Lakshmi Chandra.
Rudra Chandra the father of Lakshman Chandra ruled from 1565-1597 AD
 His ruling is from 1597-1621
Contemporary to Lakshman Chandra –
Delhi – Akbar (1556-1605
Delhi Jahangir – 1605-1627
Garhwal – Manshah 1591-1611
Garhwal- Shyam Shah 1611-1625 and death in 1631
Inscriptions of Lakshman Chandra available -1602, 1605 and 1616 AD
              Shakti Gusain was elder son of Rudra Chandra but he was blind by birth. Therefore Lakshman Chandra got crown.
                         Attacks on Garhwal by Lakshman Chandra


                Rudra Chandra attacked on Garhwal in 1591 and got defeat. In this battle, Purushottam or Purkhu Pant was killed.  Rudra Chandra was alive till 1597. Lakshman Chandra took vow to win over Garhwal Kingdom.
  Garhwali Kings established Garhi to protect from Kumaoni attacks. These Garhis were at Badhan, Chandpur, Chaud, Top, Rani, Lohaba, Dhauna, Van, Kanda, Gujadu, Paino etc.
                 According to Atkinson, Rahul, Pande and Viashnav; Lakshman Chandra attacked on Garhwal. A Garhwali traitor Surju Dangwal had friendship with Kumaoni king Rudra Chandra and Lakshman Chandra.  Surju Dangwal was in way, spy of Kumaoni king.  The Garhwali king Balram Shah died just before the attack of Rudra Chandra on Garhwal. Surju Dangwal took shelter in Kumaon court. When successor of Balram Shah Man Shah took over the Garhwal regime he called all his Jameendar or chieftains to capital. When Man Shah came to know that Surju Dangwal is n Kumaon he sent message for him to come back to Garhwal.
          Surju Dangwal did not attend Man Shah Court.  Now, Man Shah sent message to Kumaoni king to send Surju Dangwal to Garhwal.  Kumaoni king Lakshman Chandra cautioned Garhwali king that if Garhwali king would insist on calling Surju he (Kumaoni King) would attack on Garhwal.  Lakshman Chandra attacked on Garhwal. It seems that first time, Lakshman Chandra attacked on Garhwal in 1597.
  Lakshman Chandra attacked on Garhwal for seven times. Each time, Lakshman Chandra got defeat from Garhwali king and his army.  Every time, Lakshman Chandra used to start his campaign from ‘Rajbungi’ a fort near Garhwali border. Due to repeated defeats to Lakshman Chandra, local people started calling ‘Rajbungi’ as ‘Syalbungi’. Syal or fox is a symbol of coward and cunning character.
          On the seventh time, Lakshman Chandra attacked Paino Garh of Garhwal. According to Poet Bharat, now, Garhwali king vowed to teach lesion to Lakshman Chandra. Man Shah took huge army for defeating Lakshman Chandra. King man Shah sent his two army commanders Nandi and Bhringi to defeat Kumaoni King Lakshman Chandra. 
              At Paino Garh, Garhwali army killed maximum soldiers of Lakshman Chandra. There were a few soldiers alive with Lakshman Chandra. The defeated army and Lakshman Chandra ran from Paino Garh. Garhwali army ran after Kumaoni king.  Kumaoni king sat inside a Pinus and soldiers kept rugs on Pinnus.  The carriers of Pinus farmers used to speak,”  Papi Raj apu lai chore ki char bhaajnau chh, hmalai dukh deeno chh.” (The sinful king is running as thief and he is giving pain to us). The defeated king lakshman Chandra could not do anything against these farmers.  By any means, Lakshman Chandra reached to Almora.
                        Attack of Garhwali king on Champawat

              After analysis the writings of Attikinson, Rahul, Pandey, Manoday by Bharat poet, Raturi and folklores of Himalaya, Dr Dabral states that Garhwali king attacked Kumaon from two sides. One army marched towards south Kumaon that is Bhabhar and mal. Second army led by Garhwali king Man Shah marched from north via Gwaldam or Gairsain to Baijnath, Bageshwar, Rameshwar, Lohughat to Champawat.
   It is said that there was fierce war between Garhwali and Kumaoni army for seven days in Champawat. Thousands of soldiers from both sides were killed there.
  Lakshman Chandra ran away from battle field. In this awkward circumstance, the queen of Lakshman Chandra had to lead her army and she fought the battle for many days. At the end, Man Shah defeated Kumaoni king.  At the end queen of Lakshman Chandra had to hand over Surju Dangwal to Garhwal king Man Shah.
 Man Shah returned to Garhwal.
   It seems the battles between Garhwali king and Kumaoni were not to capture other’s kingdom but to show the supremacy on each other.





Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 30/10/2013
 
                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -177   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….
 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…
  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)
Xx
Notes on Medieval History of Kumaon; Medieval History of Pithoragarh Kumaon; Medieval History of Bageshwar, Kumaon; Medieval History of Baijnath, Kumaon; Medieval History of Garud, Kumaon; Medieval History of Champawat Kumaon; Medieval History of Nainital, Kumaon; Medieval History of Almora, Kumaon; Medieval History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Medieval History of Kumaon, Himalaya; Medieval History of Kumaon, North India; Medieval History of Kumaon, South Asia; History aspects of Lakshman Chandra a Kumaoni King Contemporary to Jahangir; History aspects of Kumaon Lakshman Chandra attacking on Garhwal; History aspects of Rajbungi as ‘Syalbungi’; History aspects of Garhwal king man Shah attacking on Champawat , Kumaon; Lakshmi Chand /Lakshman Chandra a Champawat , Kumaon King Contemporary to Jahangir ; Lakshmi Chand /Lakshman Chandra a Pithoragarh  , Kumaon King Contemporary to Jahangir ; ; Lakshmi Chand /Lakshman Chandra a  Bageshwar , Kumaon King Contemporary to Jahangir ; ; Lakshmi Chand /Lakshman Chandra a  Nainital , Kumaon King Contemporary to Jahangir ; ; Lakshmi Chand /Lakshman Chandra a  Almora, Kumaon King Contemporary to Jahangir ; ; Lakshmi Chand /Lakshman Chandra a  Udham Singh Nagar , Kumaon King Contemporary to Jahangir ;
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