MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

 Music Notation of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song Prabhati

 

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -195       

Classical Rag Ragini, Tal, Bol, Music Beats, Music Notations or Music Scripts in Garhwali Folk Songs and Folk Music part -25 

 

 गढ़वाली लोक नृत्यगीत- संगीत (गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों ) में शास्त्रीय संगीत स्वर लिपि, ताल, राग रागिनी-25

                             

                     Presented by Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

 

 

स्थाई चरण - रबी भानूं कांठों  चड़ी  ऐ गैना  , देवी सीता जी५

सहायक चरण - ब्यूजी गैना पंचनाम देवा ये देवी सीता जी

            सस्ना बन्द चकवे की दुरो मंद तारा सीता जी

            गौं की गुलबंद खुची , पंथी पंथूं को चली सीता जी

            पूरब उज्याळी पंछी बोल्दीं देवी सीता जी

           गंगा जाल भरि ला दे गागरी देवी सीता जी

           राम जी को नयेण की ये बेला देवी सीता जी

           राम जी को लादे धोती पीताम्बरी देवी सीता जी

           

 

चैत महीने में औजियों द्वारा ढोल -दमाऊ के साथ गाये जाने वाले नृत्यात्मक गीतों को 'चैती' कहा जाता है।  सुबह के समय गाये जाने वाले नृत्यात्मक गीत को 'प्रभाती ' व संध्या गीत को 'श्याम कल्याणी ' कहा जाता है।

प्रभाती चैती नृत्य गीत पूर्वार्ध सप्तकी लोक गीतों की श्रेणी में आता है।  इस नृत्य गीत में सभी चरण स्थायी चरण की सहायक चरण की धुन में गाये जाते हैं।  इस रचना में 8 वीं और 22 वीं मात्राओं में ताल हैं तथा 15 वीं व 29 वीं मात्राओं में खाली हैं।  यह गीत 39 मात्राओं की विशिष्ठ ताल मे निबद्ध है।

               स्थायी चरण

                                           प                      म

रे  मं   -  पं  -  धं   प   ।  प   ध    म   रेम   रेम  प      पध

र बी  s भा s नूं  s । कां  ठों  s चs  ss  ड़ी  ss 

म  -   -   सा  -  रे   -   । ध#  -   सा  - रे   म  -

ऐ   s  s गै s  ना s । दे  s वी  s सी  s  s

प  -    ध       प       म    -    -   -   -   -   -    ।    रे  म   -

ता  s   s      s      जी    s   s   s   s   s   s ।   र    बी  s

*उपरोक्त लिपि में प के नीचे म और म के नीचे पध हैं।

ढोल सागर के आधार पर गीत में प्रयुक्त ताल की तालिका

1  2    3    4   5       6   7  ।   8  9  10  11  12     13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  ।  22  23  24  25   26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34 35  36  37  38  39 ।

झे नन तु   झे नन्@  ता  s ।   झे गा   तु   झे  नन@  ता  s   त   ग   ता   झे    गु  ता   -    ।  झे   गा   झे   न्ह न्    ता   -    ता   s    क्   झे  गा   तु   झे  गा    s  ता   s ।

s =आधी अ

@ - नीचे अर्धचन्द्राकार चिन्ह

# चिन्ह नीचे बिंदी का है जैसे फ़ारसी  शब्दोँ में लगता हैं

मूल संगीत लिपि -केशव अनुरागी , नाद नंदनी (अप्रकाशित )
      संदर्भ - डा शिवा नंद नौटियाल , गढ़वाल के लोकनृत्य गीत
           इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति - भीष्म कुकरेती

Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -196         
Classical Rag Ragini, Tal, Bol, Music Beats, Music Notations or Music Scripts in Garhwali Folk Songs and Folk Music part -26   

 गढ़वाली लोक नृत्यगीत- संगीत (गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों ) में शास्त्रीय संगीत स्वर लिपि, ताल, राग रागिनी-26 
                             
                     Presented by Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

'श्याम कल्याणी' लोक नृत्य- गीत की स्वरलिपि

 
चैत महीने में औजी लोग श्याम कल्याणी संध्या समय गायी जाती है और अति महत्व पूर्ण लोक नृत्य -गीत है -
स्थाई चरण - झै माता सकल भवानी

सहायक चरण - जल थल उदपी भवानी झै माता सकल भवानी
द्यूल थाल कपास की बाती माता सकल भवानी
सवा गज जोत जगाई माता सकल भवानी
माता को रिंगद छतर चढ़ाई झै माता सकल भवानी
द्यबतौं की तू ध्याणी भवानी माता सकल भवानी
दैन्तू को दल भगसीणे भवानी माता सकल भवानी
यक दांत अगास यक दंत पाताल माता सकल भवानी
लोई तिसाली मासू की मुकाली माता सकल भवानी
खडग चक्र लेकी आजा माता सकल भवानी

श्याम कल्याणी' लोक नृत्य- गीत की स्वरलिपि

भिन्न षडज से गाये जाने वाले 'श्याम कल्याणी' नृत्यगीत में ढोल की 21 मात्राएँ होती हैं।
   ढोल के स्वर -
झे  गु  तु   ।  झे  ग  ता  -  ।  त  ग  तु   झे  - क  झे । गा  तु   झे  गा   -  ता   - ।

                    स्थाई चरण
ध#  सा  -  ।  रे  प   म   -   ।  म  ग  रे  सा  घ#  सा  -  ।  रे   -    -  सा  -   -   -  ।
झै     s   s । मा s ता  s । स क  s ल   s भ  s । वा s  s नी s s s ।

             सहायक चरण

 ध#   सा  -    । सा  -  सा  - ।  ध# ध# सा  रे  - रे  - । सा  रे  - सा

ज   ल   s  । थ  s  ल    s ।  उ  द   s   पी  s भ s । वा  s  s नी
-    ध# - । ध#  सा - । रे  प  - म ।   म  ग रे  सा ध# सा - । रे
s   s  s  । झै   मा  s । मा  s ता  s ।  स  क s ल    s     भ  s । वा
-   -  सा  -  -  - ।
s  s   नी s  s  s ।
शेष चरण इसी तरह गाये जाएंगे। 

s =आधी अ
@ - नीचे अर्धचन्द्राकार चिन्ह
# चिन्ह नीचे बिंदी का है जैसे फ़ारसी  शब्दोँ में लगता हैं
मूल संगीत लिपि -केशव अनुरागी , नाद नंदनी (अप्रकाशित )
      संदर्भ - डा शिवा नंद नौटियाल , गढ़वाल के लोकनृत्य गीत
           इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति - भीष्म कुकरेती

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  11/8/2014 for interpretation notes   
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
1-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya Geet
2- Keshav Anuragi, Nad Nandani (Unpublished)
3- Dayashankar Bhatt, Divya Sangit (Unpublished)
4- Glossary of Indian Classic Music
 XX
Notes on Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani; Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani from Haridwar Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani from Dehradun Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani from Tehri Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani from Chamoli Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script/ Swar Lipi of Garhwali Folk Dance-Song -Shyam Kalyani from Pauri Garhwal;

Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal)

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -197         
Classical Rag Ragini, Tal, Bol, Music Beats, Music Notations or Music Scripts in Garhwali Folk Songs and Folk Music part -27   

 गढ़वाली लोक नृत्यगीत- संगीत (गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों ) में शास्त्रीय संगीत स्वर लिपि, ताल, राग रागिनी-27 
                             
                     Presented by Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)
दोपहर की चैती लोक गीत  स्वर संगीत लिपि

औजी चैत माह में अपने ठाकुरो के गाँव में जाकर ढोल- दमाऊ बजाते थे व बड़ा मांगते थे (प्रशंसा गीत )।  प्रातः काल , संध्या व दोपहर के गीत व ताल अलग अलग होते हैं।
निम्न गीत दोपहर का गीत है -

वो दान्यों माँ को दानी राजा बली दानी ,
वो दान्यों माँ को दानी को राजा बतेंद। 
वो दान्यों माँ को दानी छ राजा कर्णदानी ,
कश्यप ऋषि का हिरण्यकश्यप ह्वैन राजा बलिदानी।

 राग धानी -तीन ताल (मध्य लय )
 गीत की स्वर लिपि इस प्रकार है -

प   प    प   पसां@   ।  सां   सां   सां   सां   ।  प    प   म   म   । गम   सा   -,  सा
दा  न्यों  माँ  कोs      । दा    नी     रा   जा    ।  ब  लि  ब   ता   । येंs    द    s , वो
सा  ग  म    प         ।  ग   म    नि    -     ।  प    प   म   म   । गम   सा   -,  सा
दा  न्यों  माँ  कोs      । दा    नी     रा   जा   । क   र्ण   ब   ता   । येंs    द    s , वो

शेष पंक्तियाँ भी इसी लय में गाये जाते हैं।   
s =आधी अ
@ - नीचे अर्धचन्द्राकार चिन्ह
#१  चिन्ह नीचे बिंदी व - का है 
मूल संगीत लिपि -दया शंकर भट्ट , दिव्य संगीत (अप्रकाशित )
      संदर्भ - डा शिवा नंद नौटियाल , गढ़वाल के लोकनृत्य गीत
           इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति - भीष्म कुकरेती

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 12/8/2014 for interpretation notes   
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
References -
1-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya Geet
2- Keshav Anuragi, Nad Nandani (Unpublished)
3- Dayashankar Bhatt, Divya Sangit (Unpublished)
4- Glossary of Indian Classic Music
 XX
Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal) ; Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal) from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal) from Tehri Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal) from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal) from Chamoli Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal) from Pauri Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal) from Haridwar Garhwal; Music Notation, Music Script, Swar Lipi  of Garhwali Folk Dance- Song Dopahar ki Chaiti ( Rag Dhani- Teen Tal) from Dehradun Garhwal;

 History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh 

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -155     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -402
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                        History of War against Sirmaur, Himachal
  Fate /Fatte /Fateh Shah was engaged warring against neighboring countries. Sirmaur King helped Mughal Army when Mughal attacked on Garhwal. Therefore, Garhwal and Sirmaur were called born enemies. Just after coronation, Fateh Shah attacked on Sirmaur and captured Bairat Garh and Kalsi Garh. Fateh Shah tried to capture Panwta (west of Yamuna). There was port at Paonta .
 According to Bhakta Darshan, in 1693, Fateh Shah demarked Bairatgarh as boundary between Sirmaur and Garhwal. Bhakta Darshan states that still, there are folklore about Fateh Shah as ‘Fateshahi Pratha’. Fateh Shah arrested Sirmaur King Rudra Prakash and brought him to Dehradun. When Rudraprakash accepted to pay tribute to Garhwal for Rs. 3000/- annually, Garhwal King freed Rudraprakash. However, Sirmaur history does nout vouch such incident and there is no Ruadra Prakash as Sirmaur king in List of Sirmaur Kings. Sirmaur Gazette states that Medniprakash was Sirmaur King at the time of Fateh Shah.
   Sirmaur King Medni Prakash (Jograj Matprakash) requested help from Mughal Empire for capturing parts of Garhwal in 1686. Aurungzeb sent Mughal battalion to help Matprakash or Medni Prakash the Sirmaur King. Fate Shah called back his army from captured places –Bairat Garh and Kalsi Garh.
  Encouraged by taking out army from Bairat Garh and Kalsi Garh by Garhwal King, Siramur King attacked on other parts of Dehradun Garhwal. Garhwal King complained to Mughal Emperor and Aurangzeb (1688) sent a ‘Farman’ (order) to Sirmaur King for restraining interfering or attacking on Garhwal.

                                Terror of Sikh Guru Govind Singh

      Guru Govind Singh was tenth and last Guru of Sikh Panth. Son of Guru Teg Bahadur , Guru Govind Singh was born in Patna. He was made Guru in Anandpur Sahib at the age of seven. He fought many battles for twenty years.
            At the time of Fateh Shah, Gur Govind Singh was a strong without any specific territory. It is sadi that in his last birth, he did Tapsya in Hemkund Garhwal.
  Guru Govind Singh used to reside in Vilaspur (Kehlur) as Badshah. His disciples from Afghanistan, India used to offer him precious gifts. One devotee Duni Chand sent a gift of woolen camp that was embroidered by figured of silver and gold wires. Gur Govind Singh had devoted army of 80000 soldiers and he was capable to get army at his wish. Guru Govind Singh used to take great Ranjit Nagara (War Drum) while hunting. Guru Govind Singh used to call poets too.
                  Bad Relation of Guru Govind Singh with Kehlur King
          The Kehloor King and other neighboring rulers were terrified by the strength of Guru Govind Singh. The Khalsa were free to loot. Once, even in the presence of Guru Govind Singh, a Khals looted aslun village of Kehlur. Therefore, there were cracks in the relation between Kehlur King Bhim Chand and Guru Govind Singh.
              Invitation to Guru Govind Singh by the Sirmaur King Medni Prakash
               Sirmaur king was always anxious to insult and harm Garhwal King. The daughter of Garhwal King was engaged with son of Kehlur King Bhim Singh. By this new relation, the strength and honor of Garhwal Kingdom enhanced with speed.
       Sirmaur ruler Medni Prakash (Mat Prakash) invited Guru Govind Singh for creating cordial relation with Guru Govind Singh.
   Guru Govind Singh came to Sirmaur. One day, Mat Prakash took Guru Govind Singh for hunting at Paonta. Mat Prakash told to Guru Govind Singh that Fateh Shah had attacked on Paonta many times and Mat Prakash suggested Guru Govind Singh to construct a Fort in Paonta. Guru Govind Singh started constructing fort at Paonta (Ponta). Guru Govind Singh started appointing soldiers from all communities including Muslim in Paonta (Ponta).
          Fort Construction in Paonta by Guru Govind Singh
 
   Guru Govind Singh started constructing Fort at Paonta. He increased his armed force there.
              Guru Ram Rai Meeting with Guru Govind Singh

  Historian Chhabda informed in his book Advanced History of the Punjab that Guru Ram Rai had some apprehension about Guru Govind Singh staying in Paonta. Through a conman friend both Guru met somewhere either in Sirmaur or in Dehradun. Both created cordial relation.

                                Fate Shah in Paonta

            The residence of Guru Govind Singh was just opposite of south west Garhwal boundary Garhwal at Yamuna Cross. Taking advice from Guru Ram Rai, Garhwal King Fateh Shah reached to Paonta for meeting Guru Govind Singh. Guru Govind Singh welcomed Fate Shah. Guru Govind Singh filled the gap between Garhwal King and Sirmaur King Mat Prakash (Medni Prakash). The relations between both the Kings became normal.

                      Marriage of Daughter of Fateh Shah

    Fate Shah’s daughter was engaged with son of Kehlur King Bhim Chand. Fate Shah sent invitation to Guru Govind Singh for attending his daughter marriage. Since, Kehlur King did not have cordial relation with Guru Govind Singh, he did not visit Shrinagar. He sent his representative to Shrinagar with gifts for bride.
            It is said that when Bhim Chand was taking his son marriage procession to Shri Nagar he had more soldiers than the customs. It was necessary to cross Yamuna at Paonta Port. Guru Govind Singh allowed the bride and a couple of servants to cross Yamuna from Paonta but denied soldiers of Bhim Chand to cross Yamuna. Bhim Chand was annoyed by this behavior from Guru Govind Singh.
             Garhwal King Non Accepting Gifts from Guru Govind Singh 
  Sikh writers wrote exaggerated accounts that in Shrinagar, as per advice of Bhim Chand, Garhwal King did not accept gifts of Guru Govind Singh from his representative Nand Chand. Nand Chand and his Khalsa soldiers disturbed the marriage process and killed many soldiers of Garhwal and Kehlur. However, Guru Govind Singh did not mention any thing about this event in his Vichitra Natak. Guru Govind Singh commented about Bhangani war as ‘Fate Shah kopa tabi raja. Loh para ham saun binu kaja’.

                    Bhangani Battle

          The Sikh devotees wrote about Bhangani battle with extreme exaggeration. The hills kings who attended the marriage of son of Kehlur King Bhim Chand decided to teach lesion to Guru Govind Singh.  Guru Govind Sing came to Bhangani six miles away from Paonta with his army. Kripal Chand Katoch  Gul King Gopal, Haldur King Harichand King of Jaswal were with Kehlur King for warring with Guru Govind Singh including fate Shah. There is description of Bhangani battle in ‘Vichitra Natak’ by Guru Govind Singh. The battle ran for three days and all the kings including Fate Shah were killed. It is written that eight queens of Fate Shah became Sati and Satimath are there in Bhangani. This information is wrong as Fate Shah lived for longer than Bhangani battle. Surprisingly, Guru Govind Singh did not mention the name of Bhim Chand anywhere in ‘Vichitra Natak’.
             Guru Govind Singh wrote about fate Shah and not about Bhim Chand. Fate Shah was defeated nad he escaped to Shrinagar.
           Results of Bhangani Battle- No doubt, Fate Shah and his associates lost battle and army but Guru Govind Singh also lost soldiers and many his armed forces left Guru Govind Singh. Guru Govind Singh got many captured properties. Sikh writers wrote that Guru Govind Singh and soldiers were pleased by the win and they wanted to attack on Shrinagar. However, the reality is just opposite. Guru Govind Singh had to leave Paonta in hurry and he settled Anandpur. That shows that the result of Bhangani battle was not favorable for Guru Govind Singh.
                  Time of Bhangani Battle
          It is said that Guru Govind Singh was twenty years old at the time of Bhangani battle. That means Bhangani battle happened in 1689.

             Looting of Doon Region
  Sikh writers wrote that Husain a servant of Mughal Commander Dilawar Khan attacked on Doon and looted Dehradun.Hasan was sent to suppress Guru Govind Singh in Anandpur. Hasan also looted Himachal regions.

                Khalsa as Cruel as Muslim Looters

  Guru Govind Singh was increasing his position by appointing Khalsas. However, Khalsa were acting same as Muslim looter. Khalsa used to loot villagers of hills of Kehlur and other Kingdoms of Himachal Pradesh for food and other articles.

                 Battles of Himachal Hill Kings with Guru Govind Singh
  Initially Sirmaur King Mat Prakash or Medni Prakash was devotee of Guru Govind Singh. However, at later stage Mat Prakash was afraid of increase of Power of Guru Govind Singh.
First Battle of Anandpur- The combined armies of Himachal Kings as Sirmaur King Mat Prakash, Kehlur King Bhim Chand, Jaswal King Veer Singh fought with the army of Guru Govind Singh at Anandpur. Guru Govind Singh army defeated armies of Himachal Kings.
Second Battle of Anandpur- Bhim Chand again called all Himachal Kings now including Kings of Mandi, Kullu, Kaithal, Nurpur, Katoch, Jammu , Busher, Dhadwal and Shrinagar Garhwal to attack on Guru Govind Singh. This time Gujjar and Raghad people were also with Himachal Kings. Himachal King surrounded Anandpur and stopped food and water supply for Anandpur fort. Guru Govind Singh ran to Nirmoh.
Battle of Nirmoh- Muslim army led by Vajir Khan also reached to help Hill Kings. There is no mention of Garhwal King in the record of Nirmoh battle. There was fierce battle for one day. The armed forces of Hill Kings was far more than Guru Govind Singh. Guru Govind Singh had to take shelter in Basali Kingdom.
Sikh writers mentioned that there were battles in Basali and Chamkaur between forces of Guru Govind Singh and Hill Kings of Himachal.
Fifth Battle of Nandpur-
The Mughal Empire army led by Vajir Khan along with armies of Sirmaur, Kehlur, Kangda, Jaswal, Mandi, Kullu, Nalagarh, Kaithal (Kyonthal), Nurpur, Chamba, Jammu, Busher, Dhadwal, Darauli, Bijarwal and Shri Nagar Garhwal attacked on Guru Govind Singh at Anandpur. The above armies surrounded Anandpur for seven months. At last, Guru Govind Singh left Anandpur with his mother, wives, and four sons. Guru Govind Singh had to shift from Anandpur to Sarsa.
There is no history records when Garhwal Army returned from Anandpur.


 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -403
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
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History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Himachal; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Haridwar Garhwal; History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah and his relation with Sikh Guru Govind Singh in context History of Sirmaur Himachal;     

            History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah –part 4
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -156     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -403
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
 
                  Fateh Shah Attacking on Saharanpur
       According to Muslim writers (Williams –Memoir of Dehradun), Fate Shah attacked on Saharanpur a region of Mughal Empire. Mughal regional commanders were habitual of looting territories of Garhwal or Himachal. A Pundir was commander of Mughal region of Saharanpur. His name was said to be Jagat Singh. He was stationed at border of Saharanpur and Garhwal Shivalik Hills.
Perhaps his soldiers used to loot Dehradun region regularly. Fate Shah attacked on Jagat Singh in Saharanpur. Fate Singh army pushed back Jagat Singh. Jagat Singh ran away towards Delhi.
 Fate Shah remained camped in Saharanpur. A Sayyed commander pushed back fate Shah army towards Dehradun.
                  Managing Dehradun
      Fate Shah dealt Sirmaur and Saharanpur commanders very well. Guru Govind Singh was involved with various battles and Khalsa did not get opportunity to loot in Dehradun. 
The Gujjar and other Rajput families were established in Dehradun.
 The farm produces were increased. There was increase in irrigated land in Dehradun due to canal construction. Guru Ram Rai Darbar also increase agriculture produces of its villages. The numbers of villages and population increase in fate Shah Period.
              Relationship with Daba King, Tibet

    Daba King stop sending tribute to Garhwal Kingdom. Garhwal King Fate Shah attacked on Daba Kingdom though Neeti border. Fate Shah defeated Daba Kingdom and collected tribute from Daba King.
           Non Cordial Relation with Kumaon King

 The Contemporary of Fate Shah was Kumaon King Udyotchand (1678-1698). Fate Shah was busy battling with Gur Govind Singh and Sirmaur King. Kumaon King was busy with battling Doti Kingdom (now Nepal). 
 According to Pande, a woman friend of Garhwal king in Kumaon King palace informed Garhwal King about last stage of Kumaon King Udyot Chand (1998). She advised Garhwal King to attack on Kumaon Kingdom. Garhwal King Fate Shah attacked on Kumaon. With difficulty Kumaon army pushed back Garhwal army by any means.
 Twelve Years wars between Garhwal and Kumaon- After the death of Kumaon King Udyot Chand, his son Gyan Chand ascended on crown in 1698. In past, new Chand king used to attack on Doti or Katyurs as symbol of Chand King Crowning. However, in 1699, Gyan Chand attacked on Garhwal and won up to Gharali of Pindar valley. According to Pande, Gyan Chand army looted Badhan region too and Gyan Chand looted temples too. Gyan Chand brought Gold sculpture of Nanda Devi and established it in temple at Almora in 1700.
 Next year in 1700, Gyan Chand attacked on Malla Salan of present south east Pauri Garhwal and looted Sabli, Khatli and Saindhar region of Malla Salan.
In 1701, Garhwal King attacked Pali region of Kumaon and destroyed and looted Ginvad, Chakaut there. 
 For next decade, there were attacks and counter attacks between Garhwal and Kumaon Kingdoms. The farmers of bordering region left the region. Farming was in standstill position for that period.
   In 1703, Kumaon King Gyan Chand attacked Dudhauli regin via Mehalchauri and captured Dudhauli. Garhwal army was defeated. Kumaon King looted Dudhauli region.
 In 1707, again Kumaon King attacked on Garhwal region of Juniyar Garh, Bichhla Chaukot. Kumaon army captured Juniyar Garh. Kumaon army reached up to Chandpur via Panduvakhal and Divali Khal. Kumaon army destroyed Chand Pur Garh.
                 Kumaon King Capturing Shrinagar and Donating

 Gyan Chand expired in 1708. His son Jagat Chand ascended on the Kumaon Kingdom crown. Jagat Chand also initiated attacking Garhwal campaign after his crowning. He looted Lohaba region and put his army in Lohab Garh of Garhwal.
 In 1709, Kumaon King sent his two battalions for looting Garhwal. One battalion marched from Badhan region and other through Lohaba. Both battalions met at Simli near by the confluence of Pindar and Alaknanda Rivers. From Simly, Kumaon army marched towards Shrinagar via Alaknanda bank. Kumaon army reached to Shrinagar.
  Kumaon army defeated Garhwal army and Garhwal King Fate Shah ran to Dehradun for arranging sufficient army for tackling Kumaon army. Gyan Chand captured Shrinagar the capital of Garhwal. However, it was not possible for Gyan Chand to have rule over Shrinagar for long. Tactfully, Gyan Chand donated Shrinagar to a Brahmin. Gyan Chand donated looted materials to his soldiers and beggars. It is said that Kumaon King sent some precious materials to Delhi -Mughal Emperor Muhammad Badshah.
  Manik Gainda Bisht from Garhwal supported Kumaon King in Garhwal winning campaign. Manik Gainda Bisht shifted to Almora and got prestigious position in Kumaon court.

      Donation of Garsar village to Badrinath Temple by Garhwal King
   Fate Shah retirned to Shrinagr immediately. He recaptured his lost territory. In 1710, Garhwal King attacked on Kumaon through Badhan. Garhwal King captured a region near Vaijnath Katyur of Kumaon. He donated a village Garsar to Badrinath temple and put it in order and that inscription was shown to British Regime too in later stage as witness. Garhwal King put order that neither Garhwal army nor Kumaon army should attack on Garsar village as the village was the property of Badrinath temple.

                        Arrival of Banda Bahadur of Sikh Panth
  After the death of Aurangzeb at Ahmadnagar Maharashtra, there was war among his sons. His two sons and three grandsons were killed for the crown. His son Muajjam Bahadur Shah ascended on Mughal crown in 1707.
 Guru Govind Singh was in south. Before his death Guru Govind Singh declared that Banda Bahadur (Lachaman Das ) would protect Hindus. Banda Bahadur came to Punjab. Hindus and Sikh got attached to Banda Bahadur in numbers. In 1710,He defeated and killed Sonipat commander of Mughal Empire. Muslim became afraid of suppressive methods of Banda Bahadur.

                    Attack on Banda Bahadur from Mughal Army

           Khalsas under Banda Bahadur started looting from Lahore to Saharanpur. Getting information about looting and repression by Banda Bahadur and his soldiers, Mughal Emperor ordered the regional heads of Awadh, Allahabad, Moradabad and Delhi to suppress the looting of Banda Bahadur. Mughal Emperor also marched to restrain and curb the power of Banda Bahadur. Mughal Army defeated Sikh soldiers at many places. Mughal Army destroyed the military power of Sikhs in Sadhora, Mukhlispur and Dabar.  Banda Bahadur was at Fort of Loh Garh. On 10th December, 1710, Bajir Munim Khan attacked on Lohgarh. Mughal Emperor was also camping near Loh Garh.
                           Escape by Banda Bahadur
   Mughal Army attacked on Milatry camps of Banda Bahadur. Mughal Army was successful in destroying the Khalsa camps. Banda Bahadur escaped from Loh Garh. Munim Khan was under wrong impression that Banda Bahadur would be captured shortly. Munim Khan informed the knowledge of surrounding of Banda Bahadur.  Muslim soldiers dug the fort of Loh Garh. Muslim Bajir got rupees twenty lakhs and gold coins from the underground of Fort.
    When Munim and Mughal Emperor came to know about escape of Banda Bahadur, Mughal Emperor became angry. He ordered Munim Khan to capture Banda Bahadur at any cost. Munir Khan went after Banda Bahadur. After some time, Munim Khan died.

            Putting Sirmaur King Bhupprakash into Iron Cage

  Mughal spies informed Mughal Emperor that Banda Bahadur escaped either to Sirmaur or Garhwal. Mughal Emperor ordered (farman) on 13th December 1710 to Kings of Sirmaur and Garhwal to capture and hand over Guru (Banda Bahadur) to Mughal Emperor.
  It was sure that Banda escaped via Sirmaur territory. Mughal Emperor accused Sirmaur King for the escape of Banda Bahadur. Mughal Emperor sent Hamid Khan to catch Sirmaur King. Hamid Khan and his party captured Bhupprakash the son of Sirmaur King Hari Prakash. Mother of Bhupprakash sent thirty confidents with Bupprakash. Mughal army killed those confidents of Sirmaur.
 Mughal Emperor made an Iron cage for Banda Bahadur. Mughal Emperor put Bhupprakash into that cage. Bupprakash was sent to Salimgarh prison. Bhupprakash was freed in disturbing days of Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah.
                   Fate Shah Offering Gifts to Mughal Emperor
   
            Knowing the consequences of Sirmaur Prince Bhupprakash, Garhwal King Fate Shah was disturbed. Shrinagar was far away from Mughal border and it was not easily possible to win Garhwal for Mughal. Fate Shah understood the sensitivity and he sent his representative with gift to Mughal Emperor. Garhwal representative attended Mughal court on 8th March 1711 and satisfied the confusion of Mughal Emperor.

                           Acts of Puriya Naithani
  According to folklore, Puriya Naithani was a diplomat in Garhwal court who represented Mughal Court many times. Puriya (Puran Mal Naithani from Naithana, Manyarsyun, Salan) Naithani was wise, clever in using diplomatic strategy. Most probably, Fate Shah sent Puriya Naithani to Mughal Emperor Court in Delhi.
 It is said that Puriya Naithani advised Fate Shah to go towards Dehradun at the time of Jagat Chand march towards Shrinagar.
 Puria Naithani looked after Pradip Shah the orphan son of Fate Shah.
            Honor of Poets by Fate Shah
  Fate Shah was found of poetry and arts. He used to donate gifts to poets and artists.
                             Arrival of Poet Bhushan
   According to Hindi literature historians Ram Chandra Shukla and Mishra brothers, Poet Bhushan (1613-1715) was great Braj poet. Bhushan mentioned Shrinagar King in his Shivrajbhushan and wrote poetries in appreciation of Shrinagar Garhwar Rajya King.It means Poet Bhushan visited Garhwal.
                Arrival of   Matiram Poet
 
          Poet Mati Ram took shelter in Garhwal Kingdom. Poet Matiram mentioned and appreciated Garhwal King Fate Shah in his Vritkaumudi (creating time 1715). Matiram visited Garhwal. Matiram dedicated his poetry collection to Mangatram (father of Maularam). Mangatram and Maulram created many drawings on the basis of poetries by Matiram.

It is also said that Matiram also visited Kumaon King Gyan Chand.

                  Arrival of Ratan Kavi or Kshemraj Kavi

 Ratan Kavi or Kshemraj created a poetry collection Fateprakash. Ratan Kavi dedicated Fateprakash to Garhwal King Fate Shah. Ratan Kavi wrote appreciating verses for Garhwal King Fate Shah, Shrinagar, and Badrinath etc.
 No record is available about birth place, birth time of Ratan Kavi. It is sure that he spent his last days in Shrinagar and died in Shrinagar region.

             Arrival of Sanskrit Scholar Jagnnath Mishra

   It is said that a Sanskrit Scholar Jagannath Mishra from Mithala visited Fate Shah Court in Shrinagar and he created astrology books. Now, those books are with Saint Petersburg Library.

        Nine Gems (Scholars) of Fate Shah Court
 
             There were nine scholars in Shrinagar Court of Fate Shah.
1-Sursha Nand Barthwal
2-Rewat Ram Dhashmana
3-Rudridatt Kimothi
4-Haridatt Nautiyal
5-Basvanand Bahuguna
6-Shasi Dhar Dangwal
7-Sahdev Chandola
8- Kirti Ram Kainthola
9- Hari datt Thapliyal
  There were many astrologers in Fate Shah Court-as Jata Shankar, Nilkanth and Sukhdev Mishra.
 Jata Dhar Mishra created an astrology book Fate Shahprakash karan. The manuscript is in Bhandarkar Institute Pune.
The court poet Ram Chandra Kandiyal created a Sanskrit book Fateshahyashovarnan (1685). The book deals with appreciation of Fate Shah.
       
                                     Encouraging Artists

           Fate Shah used to encourage and offer shelters to Artists. The confidents who came with Suleiman Shikoh Shyam Das and his son Keharidas were Artsts and lived in Garhwal after Suleiman was dispatched to Delhi. Mangat Ram the grandson of Shyam Das was eminent artists (drawing).  Garhwal King either Medni Shah or fate Shah created a new post Tasvirdar in Court. The successors (families) of Mangatram were Tasvirdar in coming Garhwal Kings court too.  Mangat Ram was court artesian of Fate Shah. Mangat Ram portrayed Personal drawings of Fate Shah too.  There are four portraits of Fate Shah available so far . One small portrait was available in personal collection of Vishwmbar Datt Chandola. One portrait is available with Shoor Beer Singh Panwar collection. Two portraits of Fate Shah are available with Revenues officer Girjakishor Joshi Bareli.
                 Love for Music by Fate Shah
  Garhwal King Fate Shah was a music lovers and he used to offer shelters to musicians. Fate Shah was famous as Pritam Shah among musicians.

                 Silver Coins of Fate Shah

   Historians have mentioned a silver coin of Fate Shah.  The coin is Octeangular. There is no figure of Fate Shah. On both the sides, the script is Dev Nagari Sanskrit.
Front side- Medanishah suno Shrifateshahavanipat -1757
                 Badarinathkripaya Mudrajaytirajte 1757
  Fate Shah was well versed with Sanskrit language and had Sanskrit scholars. When other rulers were copying Mughal culture of coin making, he opted Gupt period for making coins.
                                    Characteristics of Fate Shah

                Fate Shah was brave, enthusiastic, courageous, and was engaged in struggle to save his Kingdom. He had to take part in conflicts with neighboring countries including Mughal Empire and Mughal regional commanders. He spent his most of the time in battle camps. He reached most of parts of his kingdom including remote regions.
  His main mot had been to protect border villages from looters of neighboring countries. Doon region prospered in his rule in terms of villages, townships and population. He was able to have peace in Dehradun region though it was far away from capital.
  Ratan Kavi titled him Hindu protector. He mentioned that he was a proper judge in punishing culprits.
 Sukhdev Mishra titled Fate Shah as great battle strategist.
  Definitely, Fate Shah spent revenue got from taxes to scholars. His main expenditure was for army and battles.
There is no mention of social works took by Fate Shah. However, Garhwal people were not poorer than Kumaon and Himachal.
  Till the time of Medni Shah, there was no mention that Shah or Pal Kings were from Chandra Vans but first time poets as Jata Dhar Misra mentioned Fate Shah as Chandra Vanshi crown.
Poets as Bhushan, Matiram, Ratan Kavi, Ram Chandra Kandiyal did not mention him as Panwar King.



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 15/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -404
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX