MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

                     History of Garhwal King Medni Shah
History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -152     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -399
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                 There are disagreements between historians Dabral and Ajay Rawat about death of Medni Shah and death of Prithvipati Shah. Dabral states that the year of death of Prithvipati must be 1664. Ajay Rawat refers the Farman from Aurangzeb to Prithvipati Shah of 1662 refers about death of Medni Shah the son of Prithvipati Shah. Same way Ajay Rawat argued that Prithvipati Shah was alive till 1667 as there is seal of Prithvipati Shah in a copper inscription.
  It is sure that Medni Shah dethroned his father from Kingship before November 1660. Medni Shah was more practical than his father. Mughal Army and its alliances Army were highly powerful than Garhwal Army. Medni Shah might have concluded after consulting his ministers and well wishers that it was dangerous to resist Aurungzeb’s order about handing over of Suleiman Shikoh to Aurungzeb. 
                                  Letter to Jai Singh
  Medni Shah sent a letter to King jai Singh that he was agreed to hand over Suleiman Shikoh to the Mughal.
                        Arrival of Ram Singh in Garhwal Region
   
               On 12 December 1660, Aurungzeb sent Ram Singh (son of Jai Singh) to Bhabhar Garhwal (Sarkar, History of Aurungzeb) for bringing Suleiman Shikoh. However, Raturi states that Ram Singh reached to Shrinagar and met Medni Shah and Prithvipati Shah. Prithvipati Shah was still ready to offer asylum to Suleiman Shikoh. However, Prithvipati was helpless.
  Suleiman Shikoh came to know the conspiracy of Medni Shah and Ram Singh. In night, Suleiman Shikoh ran towards Tibet. However, not aware about Tibet road he hid in a cave near Shrinagar. A shepherd informed to Medni Shah about Suleiman hiding in a cave. According to Muslim writers Garhwal army followed Suleiman and Suleiman and his supporter fought with Garhwal army but lost the mini battle. Soldiers caught Suleiman Shikoh.   
  However, Muslim historians or memoir writers do not vouch that Ram Singh reached to Shrinagar. Maularam also supports that Ram Singh did not reach to Shrinagar.  Medni Shah came to Bhabhar near present Kotdwara and handed over Mughal Prince Suleiman Shikoh on 27th December 1660. The said information reached to Aurungzeb on 29th December 1660. Getting information, pleased Aurungzeb offered a gemmed Turra to Jay Sing the father of Ram Singh.
  Ram Singh, Tarbiyat Khan, Radandaj Khan and other Mansabdar (commanders or heads) reached Delhi with Suleiman Shikoh on 2nd January 1661.  Suleiman Shikoh was put in Jail near Salimgarh with Muhammad Sultan the son of Aurungzeb. Muhammad Sultan opposed Aurungzeb with Shuza and Aurungzeb put his son in Jail.
 Muslim Memoir books as Muaasir al Umara etc state that Medni Shah was also with Ram Singh up to Delhi. Aurungzeb pardoned Garhwal Kingdom. 

                            Folklore of Shrinagar Garhwal about Suleiman Shikoh
 
   Maularam was born after eighty years of the above incidents. He created a book Gadhrajvnsh Kavya. Dr Dabral got the manuscript from Baijnath Tomar the great grandson of Maularam in Shrinagar Garhwal. The poetry starts from Suleiman Shikoh. However, unfortunately, two first pages are missing from the said manuscript. Dr Dabral published the poetry and other literature of Maularam.
Maularm took clue from folklore famous in Shrinagar. By mistake, Maularam wrote Jahangir instead of Shahjahan and Fate Shah instead of Prithvipati Shah.
 Medni Shah sent letter to Aurungzeb and Aurungzeb sent his army to capture Suleiman Shikoh. Aurungzeb threatened Garhwal King to hand over Suleiman otherwise he would capture Pataldun or Bhabhar.
                                Taking Suleiman to Bhabhar
 Getting letter from Aurungzeb, Medni Shah consulted his confident ministers. The Khas minister advised to take Suleiman by force to the commander of Aurungzeb. The Brahmin minster advised not to hand over Suleiman Shikoh to Aurangzeb. Brahmin ministers advised to take Suleiman Shikoh through diplomatic means.
 At the end, Medni Shah went to Suleiman Shikoh and told him that Mughal army captured Bhabhar and Garhwal army was unable to fight without leader. Medni Shah told that he (Medni) had to reach Bhabhar. Medni Shah told Suleiman to come Bhabhar with him. The chief minister of Suleiman advised Suleiman not to go Bhabhar but Suleiman agreed to go along with Medni Shah.
 Medni Shah told Suleiman Shikoh to march towards Pataldun (Bhabhar). Medni Shah assured that just after Suleiman his Diwan/ chief minister, wife, Harem women and other servants would follow. Suleiman Shikoh marched towards Bhabhar. As soon as Suleiman Shikoh reached at Bhabhar, he was handed over to Mughal Army.
               Cursing by Suleiman Shikoh
     When Medni Shah handed over Suleiman Shikoh to Mughal Army Suleiman Shikoh felt sorry for the deceptive method of Garhwal King. Suleiman Shikoh cursed Garhwal King that his Kingdom would be ruined very shortly. Suleiman cursed that there would be many calamities, disturbances in Garhwal and Garhwal would be in poor conditions. 
Medni Shah returned to Shrinagar after handing over Suleiman Shikoh to Mughal Army.

  Who was Responsible for Handing over Suleiman Shikoh to Mughal Army?

             According to Muslim memoir writers Ram Singh did not visit Shrinagar Garhwal to take Suleiman Shikoh. Muslim historians state that Garhwal King sent Suleiman Shikoh to Bhabhar with his son Medni Shah (Kafi Khan –Multakhbul- Lubab and Mua’asir –ul-Umara). Muslim writers credit to Prithvipati Shah handing over to Muslim Army by deceptive manner. However, historian Quanungo argued that Prithvipati Singh would not do as he would have handed Suleiman Shikoh at initial stage. Qanungo believed that Prithvipati Singh was not party betraying Suleiman Shikoh.
Maularam stated wrongly Fateshah (son of Medni Shah) betraying Suleiman Shikoh. However, Maularam also accepted that Aurungzeb returned Doon valley to Garhwal in the period of Medni Shah. 
                               Award to Saubhagya/Subhag  Prakash

  Aurungzeb did not return Doon valley to Garhwal Kingdom for a few years after his being Mughal Emperor. In 1661, Aurungzeb handed over rule of Kalakhar region to Sirmaur King Saubhagya or Subhag Prakash. Perhaps Kalakhar region is present Kaulagarh of Dehradun.
                      Crowning of Medni Shah?
 According to Dabral, Raturi and British historians, Medni Shah was crowned officially in 1664 after death of his father Prithvi Pat Shah. While offering a Farman from Aurungzeb, Ajay Rawat state that Medni Shah died in 1662 in Delhi. Aurungzeb sent a Farman to Prithvipati Singh in 1662.

           Sheltering Ministers of Suleiman Shikoh in Shrinagar Garhwal
  It is said that Medni Shah sent the Begum (wife), women and other private servants of Suleiman Shikoh to Bhabhar after some time. However, he put Ministers as Shyam Das and his son Kehri Das and other administrative officers into prison. Later on Medni Shah made them understand that if they go to Delhi Aurungzeb would put them in prison. Medni Shah arranged stiffened for them. Later on Medni Shah freed them and appointed them in court employment. Maularam was great grandson of Shyam Das.
                 
             Aurangzeb ordering Medni Shah to win Butaulgarh and History Aspects of Butaula Negi

      Garhwal King Medni Shah went to Mughal Court before Aurungzeb asp er Emperor Order. According to Maularam, Medni Shah handed over his rule to his son Fateh Shah. Aurungzeb ordered Medni Shah to capture Butolgarh. Before that Mughal army was failure in winning Butolgarh. Mukandilal mentioned Kyunthalgarh of Himachal instead Butaul Garh (Hindustani Patrika) . Muslim historians did not state anything about Aurangzeb ordering Medni Shah for capturing Butaul Garh.
         Campaign of Capturing Butaul Garh
As per order of Aurungzeb, Medni Shah ordered his army to march for Butaulgarh. In front, there were Khasiya labor soldiers. They were carrying Sattu (roasted cereal flour), roasted cereals, wodden plates. They were carrying water in tumadis (calabash). Khasiya labor soldiers were also carrying bedding and hemp sheets for protecting Sattu etc.
        Marcha (Tibetan origin) soldiers were after Khasia soldiers. Marcha soldiers were carrying arrows, javelins and axes. There were soldiers from Lohaba and Badhan. Those soldiers were having guns in their hands. The soldiers were marching with enthusiasm. Medni Shah was leading enthusiastic army.   
 Since, the army did not have Deswal, Salani and Dilwal soldiers it is obvious that Butaulgarh was a hill region. A Tunwar commander was leading the army.
The Opposite Army – The opposite army resembled a half armed mob, rather than a military force. The soldiers did not have army uniform, each soldier was having arms as per his circumstances, some with matchlock, some with swords and those were not having any arm they were possessing sticks and tree branches (JAS of Bengal, vol-8). Garhwal army was also same as opposite army.
Surrounding Butaulgarh- Garhwal army surrounded Butaul Garh.  Medni Shah ordered to stop food and water supply for fort. He also ordered his men not to communicate with people inside the Garh or fort.  A few armed forces entered into Garh and beheaded the soldiers of Butaul Garh. Balance soldiers surrender before Medni Shah. In the name of Mughal Empire, Medni Shah captured Butaul Garh. He informed the capturing of Butaul Garh to Aurangzeb.
Awarding to Commander- Tunwar was the army commander of the campaign. Medni Shah was pleased by the win. Medni Shah offered a silver inscription to Tunwar commander. Medni Shah offered Tunwar commander as Butaula Negi. Butaula Negi of Garhwal are successor of that Tunwar commander. Tunwar commander was successor of Banarasi Das Tunvar who fought against Kumaoni army from Garhwal army in past.

                                  Order for Doon Valley under Garhwal Kingdom

  Aurangzeb invited Medni Shah to Delhi after getting information he capturing Butaula Garh. In Delhi, Mughal administration welcomed him with great honor. Aurangzeb asked the demand of Medni Shah. Medni Shah requested to get Doon valley free from Mughal rule. Aurungzeb ordered the rule of Garhwal over Doon valley. Now Doon valley was under Garhwal.

                          Medni Shah residing in Delhi
      Aurungzeb was influenced by Medni Shah and he told him to stay in Delhi. Medni Shah used to visit Mughal court daily.
 Maularam wrote that Garhwal king returned Delhi (he wrote wrong names). However, Ajay Rawat argued that Medni Shah died in Delhi in 1662 for his treachery. 
  Dr Dabral stressed more on Garhrajvansh Kavya of Maularam for mentioning history of Medni Shah. While other historians as Rawat, handa etc did not write much about Medni Shah.
 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -400
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX

                                         कब आला अच्छे दिन  ?

                                        घपरोळया , हंसोड्या , चुनगेर ,चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती     
                   
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )

अचकाल जख जावो अच्छे दिन कु चकच्याट मच्युं रौंद।

भाजपा का सांसदुं समज मा नि आंद कि यदि इनि नरेंद्र मोदी ऊंक क्लास लीणा राल अर स्कूल मास्टरुं तरां भरी सभा मा डांटणा राल तो इन अच्छे दिन से भला त तबि छा जब विरोधी दल का नाता इ नेता फुच्युं सांड जन इना ऊना डबखणा रौंद छा।

भौत सा भाजपाई मंत्री परेसान छन कि इंटरनेट अर कम्प्यूटर जन यंत्रों से सुस्सजित मंत्री मंडल की बैठक मा जाण पडुद अर बिचारा हीन भावना से ग्रसित मंत्री आडवाणी अर डा जोशी से शिकैत बि नि कौर सकदन कि कम्प्यूटर प्रयोग ही तैं नरेंद्र मोदी अच्छे दिन किलै बुल्दन ?

आडवाणी त बिसर गेन कि दिन बि अच्छा हूंदन।

डा मुरली मनोहर जोशिक समज मा त ऐ गे कि जब तलक बड़ा राज्यों का  कॉंग्रेस नियुक्त राज्यपाल इस्तीफा नि द्याल तब तलक ऊंक अच्छा दिन ऐइ नि  सकदन।

उत्तराखंड का भाजपाई सांसद त हरीश रावत मा शिकैत लगाणा रौँदन कि दिल्ली से बढ़िया त देहरादून छौ।  क्वी त चमचा ऐ जांद छा चमचागिरी करणो।  फिर दिल्ली मा त रिक्शा वाळ बि जी साब नि बुल्द। उत्तराखंड का सांसदों वास्ता अच्छे दिन एक मृग मरीचिका ह्वे गे।

सतपाल महाराज त ममळाट मा अपण कपड़ा फ़ाड़ना रौंदन कि अच्छे दिन की आस -तलास मा घरवाळीक मंत्री पद बि हाथ से गे।

जै हिसाब से स्थानीय निकायुं चुनाव मा कॉंग्रेस तैं जनतान समर्थन दे त भाजपाइयुं जीब ताळु से चिपक गे अर वो बुल्दा तो 'अच्छे दिन' छन पर लोगुं तैं 'बुरे दिन ' सुण्यान्दु।

 देहरादून रोजगार दफ्तर मा बेरोजगार पूछदन कि अच्छे दिन कब आणा छन तो अधिकारी जबाब दींदन कि जनि कुछ विभागुं मा छटनी ह्वेलि तो सैत च अच्छे दिन ऐ जावन।

उपभोक्ता सब्जी मंडी मा सब्जी खरीदणो नि जांदन बस यी पता लगाणो जांदन कि हम सब्जी खरीदण लैक कब होलां ! सब्जी वाळ जबाब दींदन बल बस नरेंद्र मोदी अमेरिका अर जापान ग्याइ ना कि अच्छे दिन ऐ जाला।

मी बि अच्छे दिन की जग्वाळम छौं कि कब मीम पैसा ह्वाल अर मि अपण व्यंग्य संग्रह छापी सकुं !

 

Copyright@  Bhishma Kukreti  8/8/ 2014     
*लेख में  घटनाएँ , स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं ।


 
Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language, Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language , Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language , North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language , Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language , Ridicule in Garhwali Language  , Mockery in Garhwali Language, Send-up in Garhwali Language, Disdain in Garhwali Language, Hilarity in Garhwali Language, Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language; Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language from Pauri Garhwal; Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal; North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal; , Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal; Mockery  in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal; Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal; Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar;

                                         अच्छे दिनक दगड़ मुखसौड़ (मुखाभेंट )

                                       घपरोळया , हंसोड्या , चुनगेर ,चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती     
                   
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )

 ब्याळि वर्चुवल वर्ल्ड याने फेस बुक मा मितैं अच्छे दिन मिल ग्यायि।

मि -ये भै अच्छे दिन ! यी क्या च भै ! तेरी जरूरत असली संसार मा च अर तू इख वर्चुवल वर्ल्ड मा डंडखणु छे ?

अच्छे दिन -मि जरा अपण पोस्ट दिखणु छौं बल कथगा Like छन।

मि -ह्यां कांड लगा तौं Like पर।  तू इन बता तू कब आणु छे ?

अच्छे दिन -कख आण ?

मि -अरे सब्जी मंडी मा कब आणु छे भै।  लोग कब बिटेन जग्वाळ मा छन कि कब अच्छे दिन आल अर तब सब्जी खाली देखिक पुछणा चीज ना खरीदण चीज ह्वे जालि।

अच्छे दिन -ह्यां पर इखमा म्यार क्या दोष।  मि त सब्जी मंडी मा अड्डा लगाण चाणु छौ पर  ....

मि -ह्यां पर क्याक पर लग गे ?
अच्छे दिन -अब पैल त टैम पर बरखा नि ऐ अर देर से ही सै आइ बि च त रुकणो नाम नी लीणी च त साक -भुजिन सड़नि छौ।

मि -सच्ची ?

अच्छे दिन -हाँ ! पर भौत दिनों से कालाबजारिया खवाळ वाळ में से प्रार्थना करणा छया कि -"हे अच्छे दिन ! चुनाव मा चंदा दीण से भौत नुक्सान ह्वे गे त जरा इना हमर तिजोरी तरफ बि नजर घुमै ले !" अब बिचारा बड़ी मिन्नत करणा छया त मि ब्लैक मार्किटियरुं तिजोर्युं पुटुक रौं।  बड़ी सेवा टहल करदन हाँ इ ब्लैक मार्केटर्स !

मि -औ त ये साल दिवाली तलक  सब्जी मंडी मा आग इ लगीं रालि।

अच्छे दिन -न्है न्है ! बीच बीच मा द्वी चार दिन त मि कनि आम लोगुं ड्यार जौलु।

मि -समजी ग्यों।  समजी ग्यों।  तेरी मनसा समजी ग्यों।

अच्छे दिन -तन ना बोल हां !

मि -अच्छा अच्छा छोड़ ! ह्यां उ उत्तर प्रदेशमा धार्मिक तनाव भौत ह्वे गे।  जरा उना त जयादि। 
अच्छे दिन -मि त जाणो तयार छौ पर विरोधी अर सरकारी दलूँ नेता अर धार्मिक उन्मादी नेता मि तैं उत्तर प्रदेश मा प्रवेश करण इ नि दीणा छन।

मि -हैं ?

अच्छे दिन -हाँ यूँ राजनीतिका नेता अर धार्मिक नेता  मि तैं उत्तर प्रदेश बॉर्डर पर स्वार्थ की बाड़ से रोक दींदन त मीन कनकै उत्तर प्रदेश जाण ?

मि -अच्छा ! वो 24 X 7 घंटा बिजली त आण इ चयेंद कि ना ?

अच्छे दिन -देख ये बिजली का चक्कर मा मि तैं नि फंसा !

मि -क्या मतबल ?

अच्छे दिन -बड़ी जटिलता च बिजली मा। 

मि -हैं ?
अच्छे दिन -देख अधिकतर प्रदेश बिजली चोरी रुकद नि छन अर निवेश का रूण रुणा रौंदन अर कोयला की जटिलता अलग च।  प्लीज बिजली से मि तैं दूर ही रख।

मि -अच्छा उ रोजगार बढ़न वाळ छौ ?

अच्छे दिन - भै जरा मैन्युफैक्चरिंग बढ़न दे त रोजगार बजार मा बि अच्छे दिन ऐ जाल !

मि -ह्यां पर मैन्युफैक्चरिंग कब बढ़ल ?

अच्छे दिन -जब भारत मा मंदी याने रिसेसन खतम ह्वे जाल।

मि -भारत मा मंदी याने रिसेसन कब खतम ह्वाल ?

अच्छे दिन -जब अमेरिका अर हौर देसूं मंदी याने रिसेसन ख़तम होलु।

मि -अमेरिका अर हौर देसूं मंदी याने रिसेसन कब खतम होलु ?
अच्छे दिन -ओबामा , ब्रिटेन का प्रधान मंत्री कैमरून , यूरोपियन यूनियन का कर्ता -धर्ता लग्याँ छन मंदी दूर करण मा।  बस एक दैं यूं देसुं मंदी खतम ह्वे ना कि इंडिया मा बि   ……

मि -औ त इन बोलदि  कि "मोदी जी आएंगे अच्छे दिन आएंगे" बि " गरीबी हटाओ " जन एक सुपिनौ नारा च।
अच्छे दिन -आइ Like युवर कंमेंट्स !

Copyright@  Bhishma Kukreti  9 8/8/ 2014     
*लेख में  घटनाएँ , स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं ।


 
Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language, Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language , Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language , North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language , Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language , Ridicule in Garhwali Language  , Mockery in Garhwali Language, Send-up in Garhwali Language, Disdain in Garhwali Language, Hilarity in Garhwali Language, Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language; Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language from Pauri Garhwal; Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal; North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal; , Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal; Mockery  in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal; Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal; Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar;

Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali Folk Dance-Song

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -194         
Classical Rag Ragini, Tal, Bol, Music Beats, Music Notations or Music Scripts in Garhwali Folk Songs and Folk Music part -24   

 गढ़वाली लोक नृत्यगीत- संगीत (गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों ) में शास्त्रीय संगीत स्वर लिपि, ताल, राग रागिनी-24 
                             
                     Presented by Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)
 राग पहाड़ी (सूलताल या झपताल ) में एक चौंफुळा नृत्य -गीत की संगीत लिपि

राग पहाड़ी में एक और चौंफुळा नृत्य -गीत की संगीत स्वर -लिपि दृस्टव्य है जिसमे सूलताल या झपताल का सुंदर प्रयोग हुआ है -
म्यरि देवि ज्वालपा
सौजड़या दे  मीलाई
तेरी जातरा   आई
सौजड़या दे  मीलाई
स  ध# ।  सा  रे ।  ग  रे  । गम@ -  ।  रे  सा
म्य  रि ।  दे  वि । ज्वा s । लs@  s  ।  पा -
सा  ग   ।  ग -  ।  रे   -   । ग    -     ।  रे  सा
सौ ज    ।  ड़या  s । दे  s ।  मी  s     ।   ला  ई
गीत के अन्य पद भी इसी तरह गाये जाएंगे

s =आधी अ
@ - नीचे अर्धचन्द्राकार चिन्ह
#  चिन्ह नीचे बिंदी है 
मूल संगीत लिपि -दया शंकर भट्ट , दिव्य संगीत (अप्रकाशित )
      संदर्भ - डा शिवा नंद नौटियाल , गढ़वाल के लोकनृत्य गीत
           इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति - भीष्म कुकरेती



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 9/8/2014 for interpretation notes   
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
1-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya Geet
2- Keshav Anuragi, Nad Nandani (Unpublished)
3- Dayashankar Bhatt, Divya Sangit (Unpublished)
4- Glossary of Indian Classic Music
 XX
Notes on Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali folk Dance-Song; Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali folk Dance-Song from Pauri Garhwal; Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali folk Dance-Song from Chamoli Garhwal; Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali folk Dance-Song from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali folk Dance-Song from Tehri Garhwal; Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali folk Dance-Song from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali folk Dance-Song from Dehradun Garhwal; Music Notation of Rag Darbari used in a Chaunfula Garhwali folk Dance-Song from Haridwar Garhwal;

                History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun
             History of Garhwal King Fateh Shah part-2

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -154     

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -401
 
                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
    According to Munshi Maikulal a devotee of Guru Ram Rai, Guru Ram Rai arrived in Dehradun in 1675 with a letter of Aurungzeb for Garhwal King.  A web site of Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Science states that Guru Ram Rai reached at Dehradun in 1667. Before, Guru Ram Rai came and established Dera or stayed here, the land was called Doon or a valley. Now, the city is called Dehradun or Dyaradun.
     Ram Rai was deprived from Guru Gaddi of Sikh Sangh
             From the time of fourth Guru of Sikh panth  Ram Das, the Guru Gaddi became ancestral based Gaddi.
 Guru Arjun the son of Guru Ram Das was fifth Sikh Guru. Guru Har Govind the son of Guru Arjun became sixth Guru and Guru Har Rai was seventh Sikh Guru. Guru Har Rai was friend of Dara Shikoh. After coronation, Aurungzeb called Guru Har Rai to his court. Since, fifth and sixt Guru were insulted and punished by Jahangir and Shah Jahan, Har Rai sent a apagogical letter for Aurungzeb and sent his elder son Ram Rai to Aurungzeb court. Aurangzeb arranged for education for Ram Rai. Once, Ram Rai changed a stanza of Guru Granth Sahib. His father was annoyed by the act of Ram Rai.
            Aurangzeb was admirer of Guru Ram Rai but he got displeasure of Emperor Aurungzeb and Aurungzeb made Ram Rai hostage till 1659.
 When Har Rai was to die he declared his heir to his younger son Har Krishna and not elder son Ram Rai.
Historians provide following reasons for Guru Har Rai depriving Ram Rai as his heir as  eigth Guru of  Sikh Panth .-
1-Mother of Ram Rai was a handmaiden or Keep (Rakhailan) of Guru Har Rai and not authorized wife. However, this argument is wrong as mother of Ram Rai was own sister of his other step mothers. Four wives of Har Rai were daughters of a Khatri of Anoopshahar.
2- Ram Rai was a free thinkers and he made his own philosophical followers even when his father Har Rai was alive.
3-He showed miracles in Mughal Court though his father ordered him not to do so.
4- Guru Har Rai was furious when Ram Rai changed the stanza of Guru Granth Sahib.
             However, Guru Har Rai declared his younger son Har Krishn as his successor for Guru Gaddi. Guru har Krsihna was only six years old when he was declared Guru. Aurangzeb called Har Krishna to his court. Guru Har Krishna died there due to small pox in Delhi in that year. Gur Tegbahadur (son of sixth Guru Har Govind) was declared ninth Guru. Aurangzeb killed Guru Teg Bahadun cruelly.
 Ram Rai wanted to take Guru Position with force and Aurungzeb did not like it. Aurangzeb asked Ram Rai to go to Garhwal. Ram Rai came to Doon valley in 1675 or 1676. Aurangzeb directed Garhwal king (Fateh Shah) to grant villages to Ram Rai. Garhwal King granted Khurbura, Rajpur and Chamsari villages. Guru Ram Rai established his ‘Dera’ in Khurbura. Fateh Shah also granted a Math in Shrinagar for Guru Ram Rai. Guru also spent time there. Later on Pradip Shah the grandson of Fateh Shah granted other four villages Dhamawala, Dhurtawala, Minyawala and Panditwadi to Guru Ram Rai Darbar. Guru shifted from Khurbura to Dhamawala where present Darbar is there.
 It is said that Guru Ram Rai had acquired the power of dying and reviving at will. One day he shut himself in his ‘Dera’ warning his inmates not to open the door. On third day, his followers opened the door and found that Guru is dead on his bed.  The bed on which Guru Ram Rai breathed his last breath is an object of veneration for followers.
  After the death of Guru Ram Rai in 1787, his youngest widow Mata Punjab Kaur held the management of ‘Dera’. Aud Das the foster son of Guru Ram Rai used to help Mata Punjab Kaur in managing Ram Rai Darbar Sahib. Mata declared him Mahant of Guru Ram Rai Darbar. However, after a couple of years Mahant Aud Das was debarred as Mahant. Har Prasad a trusted follower and close associate of Mata Punjab Kaur was declared next Mahant of Guru Ram Rai Durbar. However, web site of Guru Ram Rai Darbar states that Guru Aud das was Mahant from 1787-1741.
                 Construction of Guru ka Dera or Jhanda Saheb 

  After the death of Guru Ram Rai, a sprawling Guru Ka Dera was built later on. Aurungzeb also paid financial help in building Guru ka Dera.  Mata Punjab Kaur supervised the construction work of Guru ka Dera. The central part of Guru ka Dera was completed by 1699 (twelve years after death of Guru). Most probably, Guru ka Dera was completed between 1703-06.
                              Mahant Har Prasad (1741-1766)
Har Prasad was born in Malwa (Punjab) and came to Dehradun due to attraction of Guru Ram Rai.
                 Mahant Har Sewak Das (1766-1818)
 The time period of Mahant Har Sewak was the time of disturbances in Garhwal and India. The income of Dera dipped due to fall of Mughal Empire, Gorkha invasion and division of Garhwal Kingdom, British entry.
                Mahant Swarup Das (1818-1842)
Mahant Swarup Das was from Saharanpur and was colleague of Mahant Har Sewak too. 
                           Mahant Pritam Das (1842-1854)

Mahant Pritam das belong to Patwal family of Saklana, Tehri Garhwal. Mahant Pritam Das had knowledge of Arabic and Hindi too. He purchased properties and two villages –Baman Vala and Gujrada for Guru ka Dera.
  Mahant Pritam das did leave Mahnat Giri in his life time. Mahant Pritam Das died in 1872.
                      Mahant Narayan Das (1854-1885)
 
 Mahant Narayan Das was installed in Gaddi in his Guru time only. Mahant Narayan Das was from a Patwal family from Saklana Tehri Garhwal. He was devotee of Goddess Surkanda Devi. Mahant Narayan Das constructed a Devi temple at Rajpur and carved many pictures of Hindu deities on wall of Guru Dera. He laid an idol of Nar Singh in western gate of Darbar Sahib.
                   Mahant Prayag Das (1885-1896)
   Mahant Prayag Das belonged to a Rajput family of Jaunpur region of Tehri Garhwal. He came to Dehradun in search of job.

                     Mahant Lakshaman Das (1886- 1945)
     Born in 1873, Lakshman das belonged to a Belwal , Brahmin family of Tehri Garhwal.
             Mahant Indiresh Charan Das (1945-2000)
 Mahant Indiresh Charan Das belonged to Kukreti family of Khaman, Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal. Indiresh Charan Das had to face adversary on taking education. He was also a freedom fighter and was in jail with Lal Bahadur Shastri.
 Mahant Indiresh Charan Das would be remembered for opening up more than 100 schools and colleges in Dehradun, Garhwal, Haryana, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. His name was famous more for spreading education than a Mahant of Guru ram Rai Darbar.
                          Mahant Devendra Das (2000-present)
  Mahant Devendra Das belonged to a Bahuguna family of Adi Badri Chamoli Garhwal. He is also carrying education spread work started by his predecessor Mahant Indiresh Das



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 10/8/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -402
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun; History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun in context History of Chamoli Garhwal;  History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Guru Ram Rai Darbar Dehradun in context History of Haridwar Garhwal;