Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Ghunghyat : A Garhwali Stage Play for spreading HIV Awareness
(Review of 'Ghunghyat ' Garhwali drama (1997) written by Gajendra Nautiyal)
           (Critical review Garhwali Drama, Kumauni Plays, Uttarakhandi Stage show, Himalayan Dramas)
   Let us celebrate of hundred years of Modern Garhwali Theatre!
                                        Review by: Bhishm Kukreti
                 Theatres, stage plays or dramas for HIV Awareness 
HIV/AIDS should be avoided at all cost. The societies and governments are busy in spreading HIV awareness among people. The dram/stage play/radio plays are one of the effective media for spreading HIV awareness.
'Who Me?HIV/AIDS"  stage play  written by Terry Fluker is very good example of raising the HIV awareness about testing and taking HIV treatments.
The stage play 'Secret' stresses on HIV awareness to teens.
The stage play 'Hanya Nani 3' written by Tafadzwa Mozondo was staged in Harare in 2012 and was quite capable to create HIV awareness.
There was performance of a stage play 'Another Chance' by New Life Support Services in Columbia Sc in 2012 that play created HIV awareness in the area.
There is project of UNESCO-CCIVS Africa that inspires people to do theatre for HIV awareness.
There has been regular news that United States supports HIV awareness with Radio drama series. 
The Chinese government and societies are taking help of theatre for HIV awareness as staged a play in Beijing in 2004.
South African people taking help of stage plays or dramas for HIV awareness.
It is a fact that in Nepal, Street theatre helps spread the HIV awareness.
Kenyan TVs are effectively spreading the HIV awareness through TV dramas. Shuga is award winning drama for spreading HIV awareness in Kenya (2010).
In Malawi, social activists are taking help of dramas for spreading HIV awareness in Malawi.

          Ghunghyat : A Garhwali Stage Play for spreading HIV Awareness

              Garhwali poet Gajendra Nautiyal is social activist and dramatist too. Nautiyal wrote and staged a very sensitive play in 1997 that focuses on HIV awareness. The play is inspirational and talks about the reasons behind HIV disease. The play also talks about necessary treatments after HIV.
हाँ नियम संयम मा पति अर पत्नी व्रता धर्म धारण कर्यां। डाक्टरोंम इंजेक्सन उबाळि  लगायां। .....ढंग से खून चढ़ायाँ  ......खबरदार खबरदार   
The dialogues are very simple meant for rural areas and easily digestible.
Gajendra is successful in creating a Garhwali drama that is helpful in creating HIV awareness.
Copyright @ Bhishm Kukreti 5/5/2013
Review on Popular Garhwali Drama, Kumauni Plays, Uttarakhandi Stage Plays, and Himalayan Dramas to be continued

   Let us celebrate of hundred years of Modern Garhwali Theatre! 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Raja Birma Katyur: The legend in Kumaoni and Garhwali Jagar 
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-20
Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –5 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
  It is said that at the time of king  Garud Gyan Chand (1419-) the Katyur dynasty strated declining there were many small Katyuri kings in Kumaon. Birmi Katyuri was the king of Khimsari Hat. His Rawats used to collect taxes from Bhabhar to Bhot territory.
कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -20   

राजा बिरमा कत्यूर : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि  या पांवड़ा
( सन्दर्भ:  : त्रिलोचन  पांडे, कुमाउंनी भाषा और उसका साहित्य )

खिमसारी हाट रौनी मिल चौरी पाट
अचारी लगाई , बीबी ढुकाई ओ दरी दीवाना
मोहल्ल  मुसद्दी , रेती परजा , राणि बौराणि
राजा बरमा की नारिंगा , सारिंगा , भौरंगा रौतेली
छपना पातर . भोल दिना बार म्हैणा की ऋतु ऐगे
स्वार बिरादर को सोइ रोपा है गो
हमर स्यारौ को नऊवैनी ढाईण
घर में बुढ़ी मै छी , राजा बिरमै की
आपू रैगी राजा बिरमा डोटीगढ़ में
डोटीगढ़ में छी राणी मिरदुला डोट्याइ
वींका ध्वाखा में रैगो घरै की खोज खबरै  नै
त बुढ़िया रात दिन राजा बिरमा की बाटै चै रे
रात की नीन टूटि गे , दिन की भूख
एक पूतौ छी, एक आंख को उज्याव छी
पर राजा बिरमै देवै की डोरी गढ़ वै
मरि ज्युनै की क्वी खबरा नि मिली
तब बूढ़ी जिया लै माठौ कागद भेजो जोइया
भेजो अपण भिखा पहरिया
तब बाटा लागो भिखा पहरिया
रात रात दिन दिन कै डोटीगढ़ में
तब डोटीगढ़ में छी नागी भागी मल
डोटीगढ़ का पैका छीया
तौ तनरी राणी हली नंदुला डोट्याइ
दूध जसी जून होली , पुन्यूं जसी चान
तब रैगी राजा बिरमा नंदुला का ध्वाखा में   

   There was paddy plantation in the month of Ashadh. Birma king was in Dotigadh and his mother was alone. There was Mirdula a Dotiyal girl. Birma  did not care for his mother and kingdom.
    Old mother of Birma Katyur was waiting Birma to come back from Dotiyalgadh. She was very much worried for Birma. She was unaware whether Birma was dead or alive. She sent Bikiya messenger with letter to Dotigarh. Bikiya reached Dotigarh. There was very beautiful Nandula a Dotiyal girl. She was fair as milk and bright as moon. Birma was in love with her.
     Bhikiya handed over the letter of his mother to Birma. In the letter, the mother of Birma cautioned him not be entangled with the love of girl. She sent message that the work of paddy plantation of others is completed but his paddy plantation is yet to begin.
    Birma became aware of his duties and was ready to go back his kingdom.
Nandula started weeping. Birma said that very soon he would come back.
  The Jagar discusses the real role of king and cautions people not to be trapped with naughty girls.
 
Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 5/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued...21 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued...6   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana

[Bhishma Kukreti]

  Uttarakhand after Great Kuruksetra Battle of Mahabharata in Kuru Kingdom 
History of Kumaon, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part 31   

Historical Aspects of Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-28                     
Historical Aspects of Mahabharata part-8
(All the History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral)
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti
              When the great Kuruksetra battle was over and Pandavas went to heaven via Uttarakhand, Himalaya, Parikshit the son of Abhimanyu took over the Kuru rule. Parikshit was thirty five –six years old at the time of getting crowned. 
Dr Dabral suggests that it seemed that Uttarakhand (Kulinda kingdoms) was under Parikshit.  The Takshak Nag killed Parikshit.
Janmajey was the elder son of Parikshit. Janmajey was child when his father died. Janmajey killed millions of Nag (snakes0 for taking revenge of his father killing by Takshak Nag. However, Takshak was protected from Janmajey.   
Janmajey performed Ashwamedh Yagy (winning other kingdoms).   According to Shatpath Brahman (13/5/4/1-3) and Arthshastra (3/5/2), Janmajey travelled Himalayas.
According to Kedarkhans (61/85-86), Janmajey listened the story of Mahabharata from Vyasa at Badrikashram  , Uttarakhand.
After the death of Janmajey, the Kuru kingdom started declining.  This was also time, that the rule of Kuru dynasty ended in Uttarakhand. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/05/2013
(The write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -31
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued...28
Historical Aspects of Mahabharata to be continued...9 


References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Ajaya Rawat, History of Garhwal
Alexander Cunningham, 1996, Coins of Ancient India: From Earliest times down to the Seventh century 
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
B.P. Kamboj, 2003, Early Wall painting of Garhwal
C.M Agarwal history of Kumaon
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1992, Kulinda Janpada
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
D.P Agarwal, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal, 1995, Cist Burials of the Kumaun Himalayas
D.P Agarwal, J Kharakwal, 1995, Kumaon Archeology and Tradition, Almora Book, Almora

Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Imana Simha Cemjonga, 2003, History and Culture of Kirat People
Jagdish Bahadur , 2003 Indian Himalayas
J.C. Agarwal, S.P.Agarwal, S.S. Gupta, 1995, Uttarakhand: Past, Present and Future
John Whelpton, 2005, History of Nepal (page 22 , Khasa)
Khadak Singh Valdiya , 2001, Himalaya: Emergence and Evolution , Uni Press, Hyderabad,  India
Khemanand Chandola, 1987 Across the Himalaya through Ages: a study of relations between Central Himalayas and Westren Tibet
K.P.Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1997, Him Kanti (page 85 for Khasa)
Kanti Prasad Nautiyal, 1969, The Archeology of Kumaon including Dehradun
K.P Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1991, Emergence of Early culture in Garhwal, Central Himalaya
Lalan Ji Gopal and Vinod Chandra Shrivastava , History of Agriculture in India  (up to 1200AD(article of Dr K.P Nautiyal et all – Agriculture in Garhwal Himalayas o to 1200AD, page 162)
Maheshwar Prasad Joshi, 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) : An Essay in Historical Anthropology, Shri Almora Book, Almora
Mathpal, Yashodhar, 1998, Kumaon Painting: A Story of Living Tradition of Painting in Kumaon 
Minyan G. Singh, 199, Wooden temples in Himachal
M.S. S Rawat (editor), Himalaya: a Regional Perspective
Mamta Chaudhari, 1977 Tribes of Ancient India
Narendra Singh Bisht and T. S Bankoti, 2004, Encyclopedic Ethnography of the Himalayan Tribes (Page for Khasa – 736)
Dr. Naval  Viyogi, Professor M A Ansari, 2010  History of the Later Harappans and Shilpkara Movement (two volumes) Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, India
O.C. Handa, 2003, History of Uttaranchal (Page 22 for Khashas)
O.C. Handa, 2009, Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand
O.P Kandari and O.P Gusain, 2001, Garhwal Himalaya (Pages for Khasa- 309/360) 
Parmannad Gupta, 1989, Geography from Ancient Indian Coins and Seals
Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon valley Down the Ages, Dehradun, India 
R.C. Bhatt, K.P. Nautiyal, 1987-88Trans Himalayan Burials, visa vis Malari, an Assessment, JOSHARD, Vol11-12 (pp 95-101)
R.C. Naithani, 1999, Radiant Himalayas,
Ram Naresh Pandey (A.S.I), Ancient and Medieval History of Western Nepal 
S  S.S. Negi, Back and beyond, Garhwal Himalaya: Nature, Culture and Society   
S.S.S. Negi, Himalayan Rivers, lakes and Glaciers
Sukhdev Singh Charak, 1979, History and Culture of Himalayan states
Savita  Saxena, 1995, The geographical Surveys of Puranas
Surendra Singh, 1995, Urbanization in Garhwal Himalaya: a geographical Interpretation
Upinder Singh, 2008, History of Earlier and Medieval India.
Vishwa Chandra Ohri, 1980, Himachal Art and Archeology, State Museum, Shimla , Pages 3,5 and 65)
H. Sarkar, A.Banerji 2006, Hari Smriti , Chapter ' The Kunindas and their Archeology in Garhwal  Himalaya (pages-391-398).   
Http://www.thefreeliberary.com/cist +burial+Himalayas-a017422774
New cultural Dimension in the Central Himalayas, region of Uttarakhand, an Archeological assessment:
http://opar.unior.it/664/1/5/Annali 1986 (f1)K.p.nautiyal-B.M.Khanduri 
Carleton Stevens Coon, 1962, The Origin of Race
C.S. Coon, The Races of Europe

[Bhishma Kukreti]

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ 
सौज सौज मा गंभीर छ्वीं
                       
                            जु मि पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता हूंद !
                            चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )

घरवळि-म्यार त सद्यनि इनि जोग रै गेन
मि -ह्यां ! आज जोगुं पैथर किलै पोड़ी छे?
घरवळि- तुमर ले क्या। कथगा दिनु बिटेन तुम तै घचकाणु छौ कि विजय बहुगुणा  जिठा जी , सतपाल माराज जी ना सै त हरीश रावत जिठा जीक  खुकलिउंद बैठि जावा पण तुमन कबि मेरि सूण हो तब ना! 
मि -याँ क्या करी लिंदा त्यार इ दूरौ जिठा जी?
घरवळि-क्या नि करदा?
मि -क्वी एक बात त बता जु यि म्यार भला करी दींदा
घरवळि-तुम यूँका चरणों मा रोंदा त कनि क्वी ना क्वि बडि जिठाण सोनिया जी मा बोलिक तुम तैं कौंग्रेस पार्टी प्रवक्ता बणवै दींदा   
मि -मि अर पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता?
घरवळि-हाँ त क्या ह्वाइ?
मि -पण जाणदि छे ना कि पोलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता कन हूण चयेंदन?
घरवळि-हां सबसे पैल त जब दुनिया मा दस करोड़ बेशरम मोरदन तब ही एक पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता  पैदा होंद । पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता बेशरमो बेशरम हून्दन।
मि -बेशरम?
घरवळि-हाँ यी पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता बेशरमी से लाल रंग तै नीलो रंग घोषित करी दींदन अर यी  प्रवक्ता शर्म बेचींक  फिर बि  जबाब दींदन।
मि -क्या
घरवळि-हां जन कि रोज भारतम बलात्कार हूणा छन त पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता रोज बेशरमी से बलात्कार को समाचार सुणिक बेशरमी से बयान दीन्दन बल हमार पार्टी बलात्कार की निंदा करणि च। 
मि -बस ?
घरवळि-नै नै पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ताक खलडि - चमड़ी गैंडा से बि बकळि हूण चयेंद   
मि -किलै ?
घरवळि- ह्याँ रोज त हरेक पार्टी नेता या नेताक जवैं , बेटी , बेटा भतीजा या भाणजा घूसखोरी केस मा फंसदन तो जनता अर प्रेस तै जबाब वी दे सकुद जैकि बकळि जिकुडि ह्वावो अर बकुळ खलड़ ह्वावो।       
मि -ये मेरी ब्वै
घरवळि-फिर पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता तैं झूठ नि बुलण बलकणम झूठ इन बुलण जन बुल्याँ राजा हरिश्चन्द्र की औलाद  बयान दीणु ह्वावो। द्याख नि तुमन कॉंग्रेसी प्रवक्ता डौरु बजैक , कंटर बजैक हमेशा घ्याळ लगांदन बल कौंग्रेस भ्रष्टाचार खतम करणों बान सदैव तत्परता दिखांदी। या बेशरमी से भाजापा वळ संसद माँ काम नि होण दीण  तैं प्रजातंत्र की रक्षा नाम दींदन     
मि -औ !
घरवळि- फिर पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता तै क हरेक बात पर विरोधी पार्टी पर इन हमला करण चयेंद जन बुल्यां यूंकी अपणी पार्टी माँ धर्मराज छन अर विरोधी पार्टी चोरों अर गलादारों पार्टी ह्वावो । जन कि भाजापा प्रवक्ताs  वास्ता पीएसी (पब्लिक अकाउंट कमेटी ) की रिपोर्ट को लीक हूण बिलकुल जायज च किलैकि डा मुरली मनोहर जोशी पीएसी का अध्यक्ष छन पण भाजापा का प्रवक्ता हिसाब से जेपीसी (ज्वाइंट पार्लियेमेंट्री कमेटी) की रिपोर्ट लीक हूण बड़ो ही घोर  जघन्य अपराध च किलैकि जेपीसी क अध्यक्ष कॉंग्रेसी सांसद च।   
मि - हाँ या बात त सै च
घरवळि- फिर यदि टीवी चैनलों मा डिबेट /बहस हूणि ह्वावो त झूट तै सच अर सच तैं झूठ  करणों अलावा विरोधी पार्टी तैं कतै नि बुलण दीण चयेंद। जथगा तक ह्वे साको विरोधी पार्टीक प्रवक्ता क बुलणम  अधिक से अधिक अवरोध पैदा करण ही पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता को  असली मकसद या ध्येय हूण चयेंद। 
मि -  पण पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता ह्वेक रोज पत्रकारों मिसाइल का ग्व़ाळा  सहन कौरिक  क्वी फैदा त क्या ह्वाल धौं?
घरवळि-ह्याँ जु तुम सोनिया जिठाण की पार्टी का प्रवक्ता ह्वेल्या त कुछ दिनों मा तुम जरुर राज्य मंत्री बणि जैल्या।
मि -त मि पैल आळी -जाळी काम , बेशरमी , झूठ तैं  सच अर सच तैं झूठ करण , विरोध्युं लफरा (खाल ) खैंचण सीखि लींदु अर फिर विजय भैजी या हरिश रावत  भैजी शरण मा जांदो
घरवळि- तुमर बि दिमाग खराब हुयुं च पैल पौलिटिकल पार्टी प्रवक्ता बौणो 
मि -ह्याँ पण पैल कुर्सी लैक त बणण चएंद कि  ना?
घरवळि-नै नै ! पैल कुर्सी पावो फिर कुर्सी अफिक सबि कुछ सिखै दींदी।


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  6/05/2013           
(लेख सर्वथा काल्पनिक  है )

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                 Uttarakhand in Pauranic Literature /Shruti Sahitya
History of Kumaon, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part 32   

Historical Aspects of Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-29                     
(All the History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral)
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti
   There was total destruction due to Great War of Kurukshetra. Millions of people were killed in the Great War.
          Vyasa the real grandfather of Duryodhan –Kauravas and Pandavas was in very distress. He went to Uttarakhand near Badrikashram. There in a cave (Now, above Mana village is called Vyasa Udyar  or Vyasa Pustak) he did Tapsya.
             There in the cave (today's Vyas Gufa above Mana village), Vyasa created orally Mahabharata (it is said that Vyasa dictated and lord Ganesha wrote Mahabharata). Panini (600 BCE) was aware about Mahabharata (Jay or Bharata).
Vyasa narrated Mahabharata to his disciples as sages Shukdev (Vyasas's son), Sumant, jaimini, Pail and Vaishyampan  I Vyasa cave or Vyas Gufa above Mana village near Badrkashram.
  It is said that Vyasa created Purans too. However, most of the Purans are created after first century. It means Vyasa was a title who used to create (Shruti) history.
  Historians as Rapson, Ram Das Gaur, suggest that there are mentions of the land in a couple of Upnishdas and Puranas that was either in Uttarakhand or nearby Uttarakhand.
  There is description of purity of Ganges in Upnishads. There are mentions of Badrikashram, Nar Narayan Mountains, in Vrihadeanykupnishad. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/05/2013
(The write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -33
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued...30


References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Ajaya Rawat, History of Garhwal
Alexander Cunningham, 1996, Coins of Ancient India: From Earliest times down to the Seventh century 
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
B.P. Kamboj, 2003, Early Wall painting of Garhwal
C.M Agarwal history of Kumaon
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1992, Kulinda Janpada
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
D.P Agarwal, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal, 1995, Cist Burials of the Kumaun Himalayas
D.P Agarwal, J Kharakwal, 1995, Kumaon Archeology and Tradition, Almora Book, Almora

Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Imana Simha Cemjonga, 2003, History and Culture of Kirat People
Jagdish Bahadur , 2003 Indian Himalayas
J.C. Agarwal, S.P.Agarwal, S.S. Gupta, 1995, Uttarakhand: Past, Present and Future
John Whelpton, 2005, History of Nepal (page 22 , Khasa)
Khadak Singh Valdiya , 2001, Himalaya: Emergence and Evolution , Uni Press, Hyderabad,  India
Khemanand Chandola, 1987 Across the Himalaya through Ages: a study of relations between Central Himalayas and Westren Tibet
K.P.Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1997, Him Kanti (page 85 for Khasa)
Kanti Prasad Nautiyal, 1969, The Archeology of Kumaon including Dehradun
K.P Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1991, Emergence of Early culture in Garhwal, Central Himalaya
Lalan Ji Gopal and Vinod Chandra Shrivastava , History of Agriculture in India  (up to 1200AD(article of Dr K.P Nautiyal et all – Agriculture in Garhwal Himalayas o to 1200AD, page 162)
Maheshwar Prasad Joshi, 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) : An Essay in Historical Anthropology, Shri Almora Book, Almora
Mathpal, Yashodhar, 1998, Kumaon Painting: A Story of Living Tradition of Painting in Kumaon 
Minyan G. Singh, 199, Wooden temples in Himachal
M.S. S Rawat (editor), Himalaya: a Regional Perspective
Mamta Chaudhari, 1977 Tribes of Ancient India
Narendra Singh Bisht and T. S Bankoti, 2004, Encyclopedic Ethnography of the Himalayan Tribes (Page for Khasa – 736)
Dr. Naval  Viyogi, Professor M A Ansari, 2010  History of the Later Harappans and Shilpkara Movement (two volumes) Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, India
O.C. Handa, 2003, History of Uttaranchal (Page 22 for Khashas)
O.C. Handa, 2009, Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand
O.P Kandari and O.P Gusain, 2001, Garhwal Himalaya (Pages for Khasa- 309/360) 
Parmannad Gupta, 1989, Geography from Ancient Indian Coins and Seals
Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon valley Down the Ages, Dehradun, India 
R.C. Bhatt, K.P. Nautiyal, 1987-88Trans Himalayan Burials, visa vis Malari, an Assessment, JOSHARD, Vol11-12 (pp 95-101)
R.C. Naithani, 1999, Radiant Himalayas,
Ram Naresh Pandey (A.S.I), Ancient and Medieval History of Western Nepal 
S  S.S. Negi, Back and beyond, Garhwal Himalaya: Nature, Culture and Society   
S.S.S. Negi, Himalayan Rivers, lakes and Glaciers
Sukhdev Singh Charak, 1979, History and Culture of Himalayan states
Savita  Saxena, 1995, The geographical Surveys of Puranas
Surendra Singh, 1995, Urbanization in Garhwal Himalaya: a geographical Interpretation
Upinder Singh, 2008, History of Earlier and Medieval India.
Vishwa Chandra Ohri, 1980, Himachal Art and Archeology, State Museum, Shimla , Pages 3,5 and 65)
H. Sarkar, A.Banerji 2006, Hari Smriti , Chapter ' The Kunindas and their Archeology in Garhwal  Himalaya (pages-391-398).   
Http://www.thefreeliberary.com/cist +burial+Himalayas-a017422774
New cultural Dimension in the Central Himalayas, region of Uttarakhand, an Archeological assessment:
http://opar.unior.it/664/1/5/Annali 1986 (f1)K.p.nautiyal-B.M.Khanduri 
Carleton Stevens Coon, 1962, The Origin of Race
C.S. Coon, The Races of Europe
The following Classic Sanskrit Literature cited for Uttarakhand in Pauranic Literature
Mahabharata
Kedarkhand
Manaskhand
Ashtadhyai
Ashwalayan grih sutra
Panini sutra
Chhandogey Upnishad
Shatpath Brahman
Vrihadkarnyaupnishad
Jaimini Brahman
Arth Shastra

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Jiyarani Jagar:  The Jagar (Ritual Folk Song) of a female legend
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-21
Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –6 
                                         Bhishma Kukreti
        Jiyarani Jagar Gatha is famous near Haldwani of Kumaon region.  Jiyarani was the queen of Kumaon king Prithwipal (around fourteenth century). In her memory, there is affair in Ranibagh Haldwani, Kumaon in the month of January. 
  The Jagar of Jiyarani starts as -
कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -21   


जियारानी की गाथा : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि  या पांवड़ा जागर
सन्दर्भ; दीप चंद  चौधरी, अस्कोट का  पालवंश  पृष्ठ -13 -17

आ  .....आ..... जिया  ........आ
नीलकंठ माज धरमवंती जिया
महादेव ज्यून की तीन ला बैणी छिन
जेठी छी गंगादेइ मांजिलो जिया
निकासि कन्नरा
गंगदेइ विवाई छ राजा पृथ्वी साईं
xxx   xxx   xxx
आ  .....आ ..... जिया  ........आ
राजा पिथुर हिन रुक्क भेजी हाछ
आब खैरागढ़ बठि मैं विवाई लिजाव
राजा पिथुर छियो अस्सी बरस को
निमाउंती जिया छि ऊ बार बरषै की
बार बरषै की कन्या को रुक्क आइ  रयोछ
राजा पिथुर जो छ मुल-मुल हंस छ
लाद कर सेक वाको पुट फर पट्यौलो   
आँखों का भंवरी च्यूं गाँठी दि रौछ
xxx    xxx     xxx
आ  .....आ ..... जिया  ........आ
तुरक को घोड़ो आछ
वाको केश तै का खुटा फंसी ग्योछ
नाप नूप वाले जब छै गज नौ वेद
भूरा तुरक कणी खबर है गैछ
आओ म्यार फौंज कूंछ
जाको यो केश हय
वींके खोजी ल्यावो
          The story of Jiyarani Jagar states that once, the queen Jiyarani was bathing in a river at Chitrashila  near Ranibagh  . Her hair flew into river and reached far away to a Sayad who pulled the hair and kidnapped the queen Jiyarani.  The eighty year old king Prithvipal tried his best to free his queen from Turk Sayyad but failed to do so.
  Jiyarani put her condition to Pathan Turk Sayyad that if her army would get free her before twelve year he would marry her afterwards.
   Under the leadership of prince Hathiya Kunwar , the nine lakhs Kumaoni armed forces reached there to get free Jiyarani. Hathiya Kunwar got free the queen Jiyarani.
There is other folk tale about Jiyarani that she became Sati (burning with her husband dead body).
 

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 6/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued...22 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued...7   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urbi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethnoarcheology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
This chapter contains about Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Haldwani, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Sitarganj, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Rudrapur, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Sitarganj, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kashipur, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kicchha, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kathgodam, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Kaldhungi, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of halrakhan , Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of taikota, Kumaon; Jiyarani Jagar (Devotional folk songs) of Bhowali, Kumaon; 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

 Uttarakhand descriptions in Buddhist Literature- Jataka Sangrah
History of Kumaon, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part 33   

Historical Aspects of Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-30                     
(All the History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral)
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti
           Mahabharata started for writing old historical details and sayings of elites and intellectuals.
          The disciples of Gautama Buddha wrote the sayings of Buddha after his death in story styles. These old literature is called generally Jataka Literature. Jataka Sangrahas are oldest Buddhist literature and are in Pali language. The writing time of f Jataka Sangrahas are said to be from 150BCE to 400AD (Bharat Singh Upadhyaya, Pali Sahitya ka Itihas, reprinted 1994).
            The Jataka Sangrahas discuss more about the regions of Bihar, upper Madhya Pradesh and eastern Uttar Pradesh.
        There is more descriptions of words 'Himvant' and Uttar Himvant' in Jataka literature.  Historians state that Himvant word was more for Nepal and Uttar Himvant was for Uttarakhand.

Hills of Uttarakhand in Jataka Literature: The places as Adhong, Ushirdhwaj, Yamun, Gandhmadan and Vipul shrines described in Jataka Sangrah were part of Uttarakhand.
Fauna of Uttarakhand in Jataka Literature- An oldest Jataka literature 'Mahavessantrajataka' describes peculiar l plants of plains of Uttarakhand (Dabral).  Jatak Literature described and appreciated tress of Uttarakhand as Kutaj, Salal, Mango, Kosamb, Dhav, Shal, Ashwakarna, Khadir, fandan, Maluva, Padmini.  Mahavans a Jataka literature describes tooth brushing plants, Anvala, Haritaki etc.

Fauna of Uttarakhand in Jataka Literature-There is description of animals of Uttarakhand as wild dogs, tigers, lions, leopards, different kinds of dear, elephants, foxes, jackals, wild ox, rhinoceros, wild cats, monkeys, bear, pigs/bore, rabbits, and other domestic animals in Jataka literature.
The Jataka literature tell us   about the birds of Uttarakhand as peacock, chickens, chakor, crows, cuckoos, owls, parrots etc

Hunting- Jataka literature reveals that the plains of Uttarakhand were famous for hunting. Hunters from Banaras used to come in Uttarakhand.
Inhabitants of Uttarakhand in Jataka Literature- Jataka literature state that Kinnars were inhabitants of Uttarakhand. Kinnara communities of Uttarakhand were simple, were very happy and beautiful.
Slavery- Jataka literatures show that there was slavery custom in that time. People used to come to buy slaves in Uttarakhand.

Trading- Jataka literatures throw light on trading system of plains of Uttarakhand.

Education centers of Uttarakhand- Himalayan region were famous for education centers /Ashrmas in Jataka Literatures.
There is description of visiting of Ram pundit, Lakhan kumar and their sister Sita to Uttarakhand (Dashrath Jataka).
There is mention of Shravan Kumar and his old blind parents in Sam Jataka. Sam Jataka states that banaras king Piliyakh killed Shravan innocently.
There is mention of Vessantar Kumar of Shivides visiting Gandhmadhan shrine (Mahavessantarjataka).
There are stories about monkey and crocodile happened in Ganges in Sansumarjataka. 
There is description of great Monkey –Mahkapi of Himalaya in Mahakavijataka.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 6/05/2013
(The write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -34
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued...31


References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Ajaya Rawat, History of Garhwal
Alexander Cunningham, 1996, Coins of Ancient India: From Earliest times down to the Seventh century 
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
B.P. Kamboj, 2003, Early Wall painting of Garhwal
C.M Agarwal history of Kumaon
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1992, Kulinda Janpada
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
D.P Agarwal, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal, 1995, Cist Burials of the Kumaun Himalayas
D.P Agarwal, J Kharakwal, 1995, Kumaon Archeology and Tradition, Almora Book, Almora

Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Imana Simha Cemjonga, 2003, History and Culture of Kirat People
Jagdish Bahadur , 2003 Indian Himalayas
J.C. Agarwal, S.P.Agarwal, S.S. Gupta, 1995, Uttarakhand: Past, Present and Future
John Whelpton, 2005, History of Nepal (page 22 , Khasa)
Khadak Singh Valdiya , 2001, Himalaya: Emergence and Evolution , Uni Press, Hyderabad,  India
Khemanand Chandola, 1987 Across the Himalaya through Ages: a study of relations between Central Himalayas and Westren Tibet
K.P.Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1997, Him Kanti (page 85 for Khasa)
Kanti Prasad Nautiyal, 1969, The Archeology of Kumaon including Dehradun
K.P Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1991, Emergence of Early culture in Garhwal, Central Himalaya
Lalan Ji Gopal and Vinod Chandra Shrivastava , History of Agriculture in India  (up to 1200AD(article of Dr K.P Nautiyal et all – Agriculture in Garhwal Himalayas o to 1200AD, page 162)
Maheshwar Prasad Joshi, 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) : An Essay in Historical Anthropology, Shri Almora Book, Almora
Mathpal, Yashodhar, 1998, Kumaon Painting: A Story of Living Tradition of Painting in Kumaon 
Minyan G. Singh, 199, Wooden temples in Himachal
M.S. S Rawat (editor), Himalaya: a Regional Perspective
Mamta Chaudhari, 1977 Tribes of Ancient India
Narendra Singh Bisht and T. S Bankoti, 2004, Encyclopedic Ethnography of the Himalayan Tribes (Page for Khasa – 736)
Dr. Naval  Viyogi, Professor M A Ansari, 2010  History of the Later Harappans and Shilpkara Movement (two volumes) Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, India
O.C. Handa, 2003, History of Uttaranchal (Page 22 for Khashas)
O.C. Handa, 2009, Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand
O.P Kandari and O.P Gusain, 2001, Garhwal Himalaya (Pages for Khasa- 309/360) 
Parmannad Gupta, 1989, Geography from Ancient Indian Coins and Seals
Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon valley Down the Ages, Dehradun, India 
R.C. Bhatt, K.P. Nautiyal, 1987-88Trans Himalayan Burials, visa vis Malari, an Assessment, JOSHARD, Vol11-12 (pp 95-101)
R.C. Naithani, 1999, Radiant Himalayas,
Ram Naresh Pandey (A.S.I), Ancient and Medieval History of Western Nepal 
S  S.S. Negi, Back and beyond, Garhwal Himalaya: Nature, Culture and Society   
S.S.S. Negi, Himalayan Rivers, lakes and Glaciers
Sukhdev Singh Charak, 1979, History and Culture of Himalayan states
Savita  Saxena, 1995, The geographical Surveys of Puranas
Surendra Singh, 1995, Urbanization in Garhwal Himalaya: a geographical Interpretation
Upinder Singh, 2008, History of Earlier and Medieval India.
Vishwa Chandra Ohri, 1980, Himachal Art and Archeology, State Museum, Shimla , Pages 3,5 and 65)
H. Sarkar, A.Banerji 2006, Hari Smriti , Chapter ' The Kunindas and their Archeology in Garhwal  Himalaya (pages-391-398).   
Http://www.thefreeliberary.com/cist +burial+Himalayas-a017422774
New cultural Dimension in the Central Himalayas, region of Uttarakhand, an Archeological assessment:
http://opar.unior.it/664/1/5/Annali 1986 (f1)K.p.nautiyal-B.M.Khanduri 
Carleton Stevens Coon, 1962, The Origin of Race
C.S. Coon, The Races of Europe

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Fund Fukka: A Garhwali Radio Drama/Play depicting Distress of Rural to Urban Migration 
(Review of 'Fund Fukka' Garhwali Radio Play/drama (1998) written by Gajendra Nautiyal)
           (Critical review Garhwali Drama, Kumauni Plays, Uttarakhandi Stage show, Himalayan Dramas)
   Let us celebrate of hundred years of Modern Garhwali Theatre!
                                        Review by: Bhishma Kukreti
            There are many reasons for rural to urban migration. The various reasons are discussed in various languages modern literature especially in stage plays/dramas/theatres.  The basic reasons are urban and rural divides. There is no employment guarantee in villages and urban cities provide employment opportunities.
There are poor services as health, education and standard of living in rural areas while these services are better in urban areas.
   If rural to urban migration brings betterment it also brings various types of distress too. The Garhwali radio dram 'Fund Fukka' by a poet and social activist Gajendra Nautiyal discusses these subjects and is able to show the reasons of rural migration and problems arising at both ends –in villages and cities as well.
The dram is successful due to its dialogues and choosing the characters. The playwright also uses songs to speed up the interest of audience.
The dram was first broadcasted by Akashvani in 1997. Thereafter, the play is broadcasted more than ten times.
Copyright @ Bhishm Kukreti 6/5/2013

   Let us celebrate of hundred years of Modern Garhwali Theatre! 
Critical Review of  Radio drama about Distress by rural to urban Migration; Garhwali Radio drama about Distress by Rural to Urban Migration; Uttarakhandi Radio drama about Distress by Rural to Urban Migration; Mid Himalayan language Radio drama about Distress by Rural to Urban Migration; Himalayan language Radio drama about Distress by Rural to Urban Migration; North Indian regional language Radio drama about Distress by Rural to Urban Migration; Indian regional language Radio drama about Distress by Rural to Urban Migration; South Asian regional language Radio drama about Distress by Rural to Urban Migration; Oriental regional language Radio drama about Distress by Rural to Urban Migration.

[Bhishma Kukreti]

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ 
सौज सौज मा गंभीर छ्वीं

                                  मनी लौन्ड्रिंग कनकैक   हूंद   
                                    चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ ) 
  उन त पैल इ गळी नाम 'गरीब आदमी; स्ट्रीट छौ पण बेहंत बैंको शाखा खुलण से ईं स्ट्रीट तैं अब बैंक स्ट्रीट बोले जांद।
परसि मि  बैंक स्ट्रीट ग्यों कि म्यार पैथर बीस बैंकुं दलाल पैथर पोड़ी गेन। एक म्यार दै हथ खैंचणु त हैंक बैं हथ, एक म्यार एक खुट खींचणु त हैंको म्यार दुसर खुट पर ग्वाळ बोटणु। कैन म्यार मुंड पकडि त कैन बाळ हि पकडिन, जौं तैं कुछ नि मीलेन ऊंन मेरो कपड़ा खैंचण शुरू कौरि देन। इनि एक दें बनारस मा म्यार पैथर पंडा पोड़ी छा। इथगा मा एक काल़ो मुस्टंडा आंद दिखे त सबि ऐजेंट भाजि गेन। मुस्टंडा बरडाणु छौ," सालों  को बोला हैच कि दस से ग्यारा तक बैंक स्ट्रीट पर  मेरा ही कब्जा होगा पण साले गरुड़ की औलाद शेर से शिकार छीनने में बाज नही आते।"
वै मुस्टंडान पुछी -कौन से बैंक में अकाउंट खोलना मंगता है?"
मि -  जी ! नेसनलाइज्ड बैंकम खाता ......।
वो  मुस्टंडा  म्यार कॉलर पकड़िक ,  रगोंड़िक  एक बैंक भितर ली गे। फिर उख वैन एक बैंक कर्मचारी तैं धै लगैक ब्वाल, 'पीआर ! एक नया मुरगा  लाया हूं। इसका अकाउंट खोल देना।" अर मुस्टंडा भैर चलि गे।
पीआर याने जन सम्पर्क अधिकारी मि तैं एक कैबिनम लीग  अर मि तै बिठाळिक वैन ठंडो गरम का बारा मा पूछ।
पी आर अधिकारिन पूछ," आप तैं नॉर्मल अकौंट खुलण कि मनी लौन्ड्रिंग अकाउंट खुलण?"
मीन पुछण चाइ - इ मनी लौन्ड्रिंग क्या ....
पी आर अधिकारिन खुश ह्वेक बोलि - वेरी गुड। मनी लौन्ड्रिंग अकाउंट खुलण बड़ो सौंग च।
मि - जी ?
पी आर अधिकारी - जी हां मनी लौन्ड्रिंग अकाउंट की भली  सुविधा हमर ही बैंक मा च।
अब मेरो इंटरेस्ट बढ़ी गे छौ त मीन बोलि -अच्छा? मि तैं क्या क्या करण पोड़ल 
पी आर अधिकारी -कुछ ना आठ दस या बीसेक फर्जी नाम से पैन कार्ड बणाण पोड़ल
मि -पण बीस फर्जी  पैन कार्ड बणाण त कठण होलु?
पी आर अधिकारी -नै नै कठण नि च। वो मुस्टंडा दलाल सुब कुछ कॉरल अर आपक हथम पैन कार्ड दे द्यालो।
मि -फिर?
पी आर अधिकारी -फिर आपम जथगा  बि  क़ाळो  धन च वै तैं फर्जी पैन कार्ड का आधार पर फर्जी नाम से हमर बैंक मा जमा करदा जावो।
मि- पण फिर बी यु  त काळो  ही रालो कि की ना?
पी आर अधिकारी - नै नै आप ये पैसा तै विदेशों मा जन कि मोरेसिस ट्रांसफर कौर सकदा अर फिर उख बिटेन आप पैसा नियमानुसार अपण सही अकाउंट मा ट्रांसफर करी सकदव़ा। तुम तै मोरेसिस जाणै जरूरत बि नि च। सब कुछ इखी बिटेन ह्वे जालो।
मि - अर जु अपण पैसा विदेश नि भिजण चांदन?
पी आर अधिकारी - वांको बि कथगा इ बांको (अभिनव) प्रबंध छन ।
मि -जन कि
पी आर अधिकारी - तुमार फर्जी पैसा जीवन बीमा निगम या अन्य साधनों से तुमम सुफेद ह्वेक ऐ जालो।
मि - पैसा कब जमा करण?
पी आर अधिकारी - कबि बि। हां वै मुस्टंडा तैं दस परसेंट कमिसन मिलण चयेंद हाँ!
मि -जी
पी आर अधिकारी -अच्छा तो आप अपण ब्लैक मनी कब जमा करणा छंवाँ जां से हम मनी लौन्ड्रिंग को काम अग्वाडि बढाई सकवां
मि - जी एक बात बथावा। मीन सूण कि तुमर बैंकम चपड़ासी जगा खाली छन बल?
पी आर अधिकारी - हाँ, सरा  भारतौ कुण चपड़ासी  द्वी हजार जगा खाली छन। पण तुम किलै पुछणा छंवाँ/
मि - मि असलम अपण  नौनौ कुण चपड़ासी नौकरी फॉर्म लीणो ऐ छौ।
पी आर अधिकारी - ये साले जब से गुंडों को दलाल का काम सौंपा  गया है तब से ये गुंडे दलाल भिखारियों को भी बैंक के अन्दर ले आते है। जाओ ! भागो यंहां से।  मेरा टाइम  खोटी मत करो।     
   

           


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  7/05/2013           
(लेख सर्वथा काल्पनिक  है )

[Bhishma Kukreti]

      Jainism in Ancient Uttarakhand
History of Kumaon, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part 34   

Historical Aspects of Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-31                     
(All the History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral)
                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti

  Jainism is one of the oldest religions or way of living life in India. The Jainism discarded the God or abnormal invisible powers cited in Vedas etc.  Rishabhdev, Brishabhdev  or Adinath was first Teerthankar and Mahaveer was last or twenty fourth Teerthankar in Jainism.
  There are proofs of Jainism spread or preaching Jain priest visiting plains of Garhwal and Kumaon around first BCE.
Dr Dabral states that the Jain sages did Tapsay around Badhapur (Bijnaur district). Atkinson claimed that researchers found Jain idols of first century B.C. in the fields of Badhapur , Bijnaur. Though, in Mordhwaj, (Bijnaur) there are ruins of Buddhist culture and king  but researchers also found Jain idols of first century. Dr K.P. Nautiyal and his fellow scholars as Khanduri, Rawat ET all are experts of Mordhwaj era.
Those researches and Jain literature (Awshyakchuni) show that Jain preachers used to come in Uttarakhand for spreading and preaching Jain philosophy.  There was effect of Jainism (around first century and before)in plains of Uttarakhand but not on hills of Uttarakhand.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 7/05/2013
(The write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -35
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued...32


References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Ajaya Rawat, History of Garhwal
Alexander Cunningham, 1996, Coins of Ancient India: From Earliest times down to the Seventh century 
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
B.P. Kamboj, 2003, Early Wall painting of Garhwal
C.M Agarwal history of Kumaon
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1992, Kulinda Janpada
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
D.P Agarwal, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal, 1995, Cist Burials of the Kumaun Himalayas
D.P Agarwal, J Kharakwal, 1995, Kumaon Archeology and Tradition, Almora Book, Almora

Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Imana Simha Cemjonga, 2003, History and Culture of Kirat People
Jagdish Bahadur , 2003 Indian Himalayas
J.C. Agarwal, S.P.Agarwal, S.S. Gupta, 1995, Uttarakhand: Past, Present and Future
John Whelpton, 2005, History of Nepal (page 22 , Khasa)
Khadak Singh Valdiya , 2001, Himalaya: Emergence and Evolution , Uni Press, Hyderabad,  India
Khemanand Chandola, 1987 Across the Himalaya through Ages: a study of relations between Central Himalayas and Westren Tibet
K.P.Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1997, Him Kanti (page 85 for Khasa)
Kanti Prasad Nautiyal, 1969, The Archeology of Kumaon including Dehradun
K.P Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1991, Emergence of Early culture in Garhwal, Central Himalaya
Lalan Ji Gopal and Vinod Chandra Shrivastava , History of Agriculture in India  (up to 1200AD(article of Dr K.P Nautiyal et all – Agriculture in Garhwal Himalayas o to 1200AD, page 162)
Maheshwar Prasad Joshi, 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) : An Essay in Historical Anthropology, Shri Almora Book, Almora
Mathpal, Yashodhar, 1998, Kumaon Painting: A Story of Living Tradition of Painting in Kumaon 
Minyan G. Singh, 199, Wooden temples in Himachal
M.S. S Rawat (editor), Himalaya: a Regional Perspective
Mamta Chaudhari, 1977 Tribes of Ancient India
Narendra Singh Bisht and T. S Bankoti, 2004, Encyclopedic Ethnography of the Himalayan Tribes (Page for Khasa – 736)
Dr. Naval  Viyogi, Professor M A Ansari, 2010  History of the Later Harappans and Shilpkara Movement (two volumes) Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, India
O.C. Handa, 2003, History of Uttaranchal (Page 22 for Khashas)
O.C. Handa, 2009, Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand
O.P Kandari and O.P Gusain, 2001, Garhwal Himalaya (Pages for Khasa- 309/360) 
Parmannad Gupta, 1989, Geography from Ancient Indian Coins and Seals
Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon valley Down the Ages, Dehradun, India 
R.C. Bhatt, K.P. Nautiyal, 1987-88Trans Himalayan Burials, visa vis Malari, an Assessment, JOSHARD, Vol11-12 (pp 95-101)
R.C. Naithani, 1999, Radiant Himalayas,
Ram Naresh Pandey (A.S.I), Ancient and Medieval History of Western Nepal 
S  S.S. Negi, Back and beyond, Garhwal Himalaya: Nature, Culture and Society   
S.S.S. Negi, Himalayan Rivers, lakes and Glaciers
Sukhdev Singh Charak, 1979, History and Culture of Himalayan states
Savita  Saxena, 1995, The geographical Surveys of Puranas
Surendra Singh, 1995, Urbanization in Garhwal Himalaya: a geographical Interpretation
Upinder Singh, 2008, History of Earlier and Medieval India.
Vishwa Chandra Ohri, 1980, Himachal Art and Archeology, State Museum, Shimla , Pages 3,5 and 65)
H. Sarkar, A.Banerji 2006, Hari Smriti , Chapter ' The Kunindas and their Archeology in Garhwal  Himalaya (pages-391-398).   
Http://www.thefreeliberary.com/cist +burial+Himalayas-a017422774
New cultural Dimension in the Central Himalayas, region of Uttarakhand, an Archeological assessment:
http://opar.unior.it/664/1/5/Annali 1986 (f1)K.p.nautiyal-B.M.Khanduri 
Carleton Stevens Coon, 1962, The Origin of Race
C.S. Coon, The Races of Europe