MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

               Initial Difficulties in Settling in Garhwal Bhabhar

                 Characteristics of Kham Settlement in Garhwal Bhabhar -6
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                            British Administration in Garhwal   -82   
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -100
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -937
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

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                There was great hardship in settling in Bhabhar Garhwal at initial British ruling period. The Bhabhar season was not conducive for human beings. The summer and rainy season were most painful for people in Bhabhar. Bhabhar inhabitants used to send their women and children as soon as summer started as the sun and sun stroke were fatal for human beings. The rainy season was dangerous due to malaria.  In summer and rainy season, strange fever (not heard in hills), indigestion, cholera, dysentery, etc diseases were common in the area. Even in Bhadon (October), the sun heat was disease career.  At that time, usually old people and children used to fell ill and death rates were highest in Bhadon.
      The dirty water from hill used to be used for irrigation in Bhabhar and that dirty water was dangerous for creating various diseases. People used to make toilet at canal bank and that dirt used flow towards down side.
  The wild animals were another hurdle for agriculturists. Due to non hill people of plains , the robberies, gambling, theft, extortion, murder, alcohol production etc were common and hill people were not habitual for tackling such crimes.
    Transport, medical facilities (no vaid in Bhabhar), education facilities were not there in Bhabhar and criminals had conducive shelters in Bhabhar.
 Since, the lease for the land was on temporary basis, the people did not courage for correcting jungle for agriculture. The farmers (real owner) did not have any rights on the land.
The proverb  “Bhabhar ko bas Kul ko Nnash or you will lose generation by settling in Bhabhar’ commonly used by 1950 in Garhwal.
(Joshi)

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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 11/12/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -938
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 249-278
1A Dabral, Alaknanda Uptyaka page 128
2- Walton, Garhwal Gazetteer page 150, 151, 152
3- Bhawani Datt Joshi, Report on the Revision of Rent in Garhwal-Bhabhar page -25,35, 58, 59, 106, 115,
Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

Jagmohan Singh Jayara: Famous Internet Garhwali Poet 
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Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-145
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti
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               Jagmohan Jayara and Parashar Gaur were the two Garhwali poets those initiated Garhwali poetries posting on Internet medium. Perhaps, Jagmohan Jayara is credited for posting heights numbers (perhaps around 400) of Garhwali poems on Internet medium.
   Jagmohan Jayara is blessed with creating poetry within minutes.
 Jagmohan Jayara was born in 1968 in Bagi village of Nausa region of Tehri Garhwal.
              His main subjects are nature and society of Garhwali villages. He may create poems on small subject as snake guard or cucumber. Mostly, his poems are nostalgic of old Garhwal.
  His style is simple and mainly non lyrical. Jayara uses simple phrases for illustrating his poems. He uses Tehri dialects in Garhwali poetries.
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 इंटरनेट प्रसिद्ध कवि  जगमोहन जयाड़ा की दो गढ़वाली कविताएँ
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व्यंग बाण
जब चल्दा छन,
बिना चुब्याँ चुब्दा छन,
अर घायल भी करदा छन,
यीं धरती मा मन्ख्यौं सनै.

जब छोड़दु छ क्वी,
अपणा मुखारबिन्द बिटि,
कैका खातिर यनु सोचिक,
कनि बितलि वैका मन मा,
अर तब होलु खुश मैं,
छक्किक अपणा मन मा.

सुदि नि चैन्दा छोड़्यॅा,
कै फर "व्यंग बाण",
एक दिन यीं धरती बिटि,
सब्बि धाणी छोड़ी छाड़ी,
हम्न तुम्न चलि जाण.


लमतम
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 लठग्युं छ बौडा खल्याण मा,
हबरि देखणु छ ढंग डौळ,
बल सैडि कुटम्बदारी का,
खेती पाती फर ध्यान निछ,
लगिं छ नया जमाना की बौळ,
भला लगणा छन सब्यौं तैं,
नया जमाना का रंग अर थौळ.

ब्वारी घास काटण कू,
नि छन मन सी राजि,
मोबाइल धरयां छन हाथ मा,
बणि छन बिल्कुल निकाजि.

नौना नि छन लगौणा मन,
खेती पाती अर धाण मा,
खुश छन गौं छोड़िक दूर,
घौर सी प्रदेश जाण मा.

ढंग डौळ देखिक परिवार का,
बौडा खल्याण मा पड़युं "लमतम",
सोचणु अपणा मन मा ख्वैक,
क्या होलु परमात्मा कसम.



Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai; 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries; Poems Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Poems; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries, Poems folk Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia ; Poems;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Folk Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal;  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems; Asian Modern Poetries; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets; Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time;
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

               New Era in Garhwal Bhabhar

                 Characteristics of Kham Settlement in Garhwal Bhabhar -7
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                            British Administration in Garhwal   -83   
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -101
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -938
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

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                   After forty fifty years of people started settling in Bhabhar, the situation changed. There was increase in number of villages and population both. Government’s efforts for digging canals facilitated irrigation and famers started settling for permanent. Hill people also started to settle in Bhabhar. There was continuous famine in Garhwal from 1890 to 1928 with interval. The famine forced hill men for settling Bhabhar and buying the land there. In Second World War, Bhabhar farmers sold food grains to hill people and increase their prosperity.
   The government was bent for controlling diseases too.  Government connected Bhabhar villages by temporary roads too. Canals were lengthened and water taps were also available in some villages.
 The situation was as under in Bhabhar (Joshi)-
Year----------------------No. Villages --------------Agriculture land in beegha
1869-70----------------------18--------------------------2069
1899---------------------------62------------------------25542
1907----------------------------68------------------------- 37561
In 1951, there were 67 villages and population was 13691 (8158 males and 5537 females). In 1661, there were 81 villages in Bhabhar with 86400 Beegha agriculture land.
  Bhabhar became te most prosperous of Garhwal and still today, hill people aspire for settling in Bhabhar.

-
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/12/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -939
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 249-278
2- Dabral, Alaknanda Uptyaka page 141
3-Ibbetson, Garhwal Settlement Report page 8
4- Joshi, Report on the Revision of Rent in Garhwal-Bhabhar page -25,35, 58, 59, 106, 115,
Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

Ganesh Khugsal Gani –Initiator of Haiku in Garhwali Poetry
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-146
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti
-
              Ganesh Khugsal ‘Gani’ initiated Haiku genre in Garhwali poetry by relaying first Garhwali Haiku through Akashvani Nazibabad.
 Ganesh Khugsal ‘Gani’ is multifarious skill literature creative. Ganesh Khugsal ‘Gani’is a journalist, editor of Dhad magazine, social worker and stage convener.
    Ganesh Khugsal ‘Gani’ was born in 1968 in Kingodi village of Aswalsyun, Pauri Garhwal. Ganesh Khugsal ‘Gani’ published a few Garhwali poetries in various periodicals.
         Ganesh Khugsal ‘Gani’ creates poetries on contemporary subjects and uses modern style. Mdan Duklna the editor of ‘Angwal –Garhwali poetry collection’ states that he is very good in creating desirable imagery by perfect symbols. Girish Sundariyal appreciates his new style in Garhwali poetries.
 Ganesh also creates Ghazals in Garhwali.
जब बिटि  (लम्बी गढ़वाली कविता भाग  )



 
जब बिटि
मेरा गौं को
एक आदिम मंत्री बणे
तब बिटि
मेरो गौं
गौं नि रैगे
विधानसभा ह्वेगे।
नौ इलै नि ल्हेणु छौं
किलैकि तुम वै तैं जणदा छां
जै तुम समजणा छां
वो ह्वे बि सकद।
पर जब बिटि मेरु गौं को
एक आदिम मंत्री बणे
तब बिटि मेरो गौं , गौं नि रैगे 
जै काम तै विधानसभा मा
जगा -जगौं का करदन
वे काम तैं मेरा गां मा
इक्या जगा का कन्ना छन
खुट्टा परौं हथ लेकि
पूरा का पूरा सत्र चलौणा छन     
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गणेश खुगसाल 'गणी' की गजल
वूंकी किरपान बैठों  किस्तिम
बल वांफर पैलि हुयुं  छेद. I 

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Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai; 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries; Poems Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Poems; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries, Poems folk Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia ; Poems;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Folk Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal;  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems; Asian Modern Poetries; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets; Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time;
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-
  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

                              New Problems in Garhwal Bhabhar

                 Characteristics of Kham Settlement in Garhwal Bhabhar -8
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                            British Administration in Garhwal   -84   
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -102
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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -939
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

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                    As the prosperity started increasing in Bhabhar Garhwal, the social, administrative and other problems started increasing too. There was increase in land sellers and land buyers in Bhabhar.  Government had clarity that government had offered land to Sirgiroh  on five years lease and Sirgiroh does not have rights for selling that land. Many Sirgiroh or famers started deceiving their own innocent relatives or kin. They used to sell some portion of their leased land to innocent famers that next year they would get rights on the land. When the new farmers used to apply for land rights there used to be disputes for the land.  Old inhabitants started aquring land here and there and offering the land to Sajha (partner). If the land owner did not get Sajha the owner used to keep land uncultivated (Parti) (Stowel).
 The uncultivated land started increasing as the following data offerd the real picture (Clay)-
Year------Agriculture land in Beegha-------Uncultivated land in Beegha –Barren land in beegha
1909-10---38183.6------------------------------818.15-------------------------------28623.8
1910-11---36989.7------------------------------2583.12-------------------------------26487.2
1911-12----36787.1-----------------------------3158.6----------------------------------23717
1912-13------36108-----------------------------3810------------------------------------23743
1913-14------26873------------------------------13075---------------------------------23713
  The population of Bhabhar in 1901 was 6024 and in 1911, it was 12955. There were state dues on Sirgiroh for Rs 3 lakhs. However, Caly was informed that there were no balance dues (Clay).
 There were 440 permanent structured houses in Bhabhar in 1919.
Circle ---Year -------No of Pakke Ghar (permanent houses) Year –-----No of Pakke Ghar)
 Saneh ----1914-----------95------------------------------------------1919-----------------110
Motadhank-1914--------82--------------------------------------------1919-----------------123
Haldukhata---1914-------47-------------------------------------------1919-------------------70
Sukhaurau-----1914-----NA-------------------------------------------1919--------------------137
   There emerged a new bazaar near Railway station (New Kotdwara). There were 1428 farmers (773 Sirgiroh and 555 Sajha) busy in agriculture works (Clay).
 There were  epidemics as influenza, cholera etc from 1919-1924 and many died because of influenza in Bhabhar as rich man Kashiram Mishra died because of influenza in 1919.
 There were epidemics in animals too and cattle died in numbers in those years (Acton). However, the enthusiasm of inhabitants did not slow down. In 1922, there was highest recovery for tax collection and there were highest crops too.
  There were 440 permanent houses in 1919 and in 1924 the numbers were 827. By 1924 the numbers of Asamis (Sirgiroh and Sajha) were 1654. Now, Bhabhar was more prosperous han past.
 The numbers of Asamis/Farmers ( Sirgiroh and Sajha) were  increased as follows (Acton)-

Year------------Population---------------Nos. Lease Sirgiroh-----------Nos. Sajha------Total
1914--------------7112----------------------846-----------------------------361---------------1207
1919--------------5616-----------------------773------------------------------655--------------1428
1924--------------4765-----------------------971------------------------------683--------------1654
1929----------------5194---------------------1077-----------------------------679--------------1756
      From 1919-1924There were drops in population due to epidemics in the region but farmers were increasing. There was draught in 1913-14 and 1918-19. Due to draught, young generation favored joining army or found other alternates of agriculture.
 However, after that the population again started increasing.
 There were 67 villages, 2486 permanent houses and population was 13691 in 1951 (Sensuous 1951, page 226)




-
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 13/12/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -940
-
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
-
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 249-278
2-- Joshi, Report on the Revision of Rent in Garhwal-Bhabhar page -25,35, 58, 59, 106, 115,
3-Stowel, 1899, Report on revision on rent in Garhwal Bhabhar page 2
4- Clay, 1914, Report on revision on rent in Garhwal Bhabhar, page 4 to 15
5-Acton, 1924, Report on revision on rent in Garhwal Bhabhar, page 4, 6
6-Ibbetson, 1929, Report on revision on rent in Garhwal Bhabhar, page 2
Xx
 
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;