Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,     Poems

त क्य बोलण भै ?(गढ़वाली कविता )

रचना --   प्रियव्रत रावत  ( जन्म  ,  गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Priyavrat Rawat

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Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 220
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साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
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बबा कि कमै
नौनान गंवै 
त क्य बोलण भै ?
दारु पेकि वु म्वार
अर मुरण से पैलि बोलगे
मी तैं फूकि अयां हरद्वार
त क्य बोलण यार ?
पाड़ से /देखो ऊंको प्रेम
पाड़ आणा खुण
ऊँ तैं मिल्दो नी टैम
त क्य बोलण कैम ?
नौना तैं /ब्वारीन बिगाड़ी
त क्य बोलण याड़ी ?
वु -बड़ी गरीबी का दिन काटणा छन
पैलि अंग्रेजी पींदा छा
अब ठर्रा पीणा छन
त क्य बोलण हमन ?
उन त उ निर्मस्या छन
पर देवी खुण
बुगठ्या  जरूर कटदन
सिरप परसाद मा चखदन
त अब क्य जि ब्वन !


(Ref-Angwal,2013)
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
-
Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs ,  Poets   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses ,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs  ; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia   ,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries ,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal  ; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,     Poems

नौकरी पर बैन (गढ़वाली कविता )
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रचना --  शैलेन्द्र झिल्डियाल   (   गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Shailendra Jhildiyal

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Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –221 
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साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
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मि नौकरी करि सक्दू
अर कन बि चांदी
किलकि अजक्याल अखबारुं मजि
भंडि नौकरी छन आणि
पर , उमर बांधी छ
उन त मैंन कब्बि  कु
नौकरी लग जाणु छौ पर
नौकरी पर बैन छौ लगायूं
तबारी उमर पर बि बैन लगै दींदा
त मैं आज बि
नौकरि लगि सक्दू छौ।

(Ref-Angwal,2013)
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
-
Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs ,  Poets   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses ,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs  ; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia   ,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries ,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal  ; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Images and Symbols in Garhwali, south Asian Poetries
   वीणा पाणी जोशी की कविताओं में बिम्ब विधान
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-68

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  विश्लेषण  – भीष्म कुकरेती 
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  आधुनिक गढवाली कविताओं के  समालोचक , समीक्षक और प्रसन्नता की बात है कि अन्वेषक अब विषय , रस , सामन्य कवित्व विश्लेष्ण के अतिरिक्त कवि की  गढवाली कविताओं में बिम्ब विधान पर ध्यान देने लगे हैं .
      अबोध बन्धु बहुगुणा , कन्हैया लाल डण्डरियाल, नेत्र सिंह असवाल की आधुनिक शिल्पयुक्त कविताओं में नये शिल्प , विषय व कवित्व को नई दिशा आने से समीक्षकों में भी नई परख नीति आई तथापि  डा शिवानन्द नौटियाल द्वारा गढवाली लोकगीतों को बिम्बों की दृष्टि से अवलोकन करने के पश्चात समीक्षकोंमें आधुनिक गढवाली कविताओं में प्रतीक –बिम्ब को गंभीरता पूर्वक टटोलने  की प्रवृति भी देखि गयी है  . प्रसिद्ध काव्य समीक्षक , विश्लेषक व इतिहासकार डा. जगदम्बा प्रसाद कोटनाला ने अपने शोध ग्रन्थ में सभी युगों के कई मूर्धन्य  आधुनिक कवियों की मीमांशा प्रतीक –बिम्बों को आधार बनाकर पर भी की है. भीष्म कुकरेती ने भी अपने अंग्रेजी समीक्षाओं में गढवाली कवियों की समीक्षा प्रतीक- बिम्बों को ध्यान रखकर की है व गढवाली कविताओं मे प्रतीक –बिम्बों की तुलना विदेशी भाषाई कविताओं में पाए गये प्रतीक –बिम्बों  से भी की है .
लिविस अनुसार कविता बिम्ब एक भावयुक्त शब्द चित्र होते हैं .
केदार सिंह अनुसार बिम्ब बिम्बों में १- पूर्व स्मृति जगाने  , २ –नवीनता और तीब्रता आवश्यक हैं .

गढवाली की वरिष्ठ कवित्री वीणा पाणी जोशी की गढवाली कवितायें  भी सुंदर बिम्बात्मक कविताएँ हैं . वीणा पाणी जोशी की कविताओं में बिम्ब के निम्न उदाहरण साबित करते हैं कि वीणा पाणी ने बिम्बों का सफलतापुर्वक प्रयोग किया है –
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              प्रकृति बिम्ब

मौळयार जग्वाळआ भायुं
..
ऋतू बौडी आली
सौजणया बसंत
फुल्लूं तैं खिले दे

२- अमलतास का खिल्यां फुल्लु का घौणा झुम्पा न
घाम बिनसर मुं आये , घाम बिनसर मुं आये ,
(वण विनास कविता मा )
रंग फूलों कू बणीकि
( आवा होली खेला रे कविता से )
-
  रूप बिम्ब
बोडा जी कि कमर झुके , लाठी टेकि आणा
(कौथिग मा तिबरि, कविता से )
-


                  दृश्य बिम्ब

देखा ! कनु फ़ोळयूं उजास
सुरजो जनु प्रकाश
(बसिंगो कविता मा )
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    ध्वनि बिम्ब 
चैत बैशाखा मैनो
बुलेंद बसणु होलू क्फ्फु
कुक , कुक , कुक , कुक , कुक
( घराट कविता से  )
-
           आस्वाद्य बिम्ब
जरा सि घुट्टी घट्ट
तुम बि लगा धौं
xx
काळई च्या दगड़ी गुड़े
कुटकि कट्ट. लगौंदा साब
xx
देसी ठर्रा पाउचै
सुटकि सट्ट लगा दों साब
( विकासै गति कविता )
-
        गंध बिम्ब
सर्प लिपट्यां चन्दनै डाली सि
सुगंध उड़ानै रह्याँ .
(कुनस इन ज्वानि, कविता से )
-

                  स्थिर बिम्ब
पर्या जख्यो तखि छ
xx
जनु भितर धर्युं
छांछ कु पर्या
बरसू बाद
आज भी
(छांछ कु पर्या कविता )
-
               गति बिम्ब

भक्तों का साथ
संसेक्स कु सांड चल्दु
कम्प्यूटरी इन्टरनटिया चाल
संसेक्स कु सांड , उफ्फ !
(संसेक्स कु सांड , कविता से )
झझकि झझकि हिटणु छ
ऐंसू को बसंत
(कौथिग मा तिबरि, कविता से )

           -लोक सांस्कृतिक बिम्ब -
छज्जा मा टंगी छ टोफरी गौडी बाछी दौsण
बिनसिर मा घासौ जाण, पटाई जान्द मौsण
(कौथिग मा तिबरि, कविता से )
              -भाव बिम्ब -
तीर का मछेर ,
रैबासी हर्चिने
त्रासदी देखि की
जगे जिकुड़ी मयळदू
(कालै  कर्छुलि , कविता से )
      -  अलंकृत बिम्ब -
मनख्यूं बूकैगि रै बिकराल
समुदरी रागस
(कालै  कर्छुलि , कविता से )
इस तरह हम पाते  हैं कि वीणा पाणी जोशी की कविताओं में बिम्ब विधान का उपयोग सुंदर ढंग से हुआ है .

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 2016
Images and Symbols in Garhwali, south Asian Poetries, Images in Garhwali verses, Images in Garhwali songs, Images in Garhwali poems



   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

पयासू  (कफोळ स्यूं ) में नंदा देवी मन्दिर स्थापना लोक कथा

Establishing Nanda Devi Temple in Payasu (Kafolsyun)
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      (Folk Stories of Garhwal- 122)
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(Narrated by Shri Subhash Kukreti, village Payasu, Kafolsyun, Pauri Garhwal)
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         Collected By: Bhishma Kukreti
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             There is a Nanda Devi Temple on top of Payasu village of Kafolsyun, Pauri Garhwal.  Payasu is the original village of Molasi caste in Garhwal. All Molasi migrated from Payasu.
  It is said that there was no Devi temple in Payasu in old age. Now, there is Nanda Devi temple on Nanda Devi Dhar of Payasu.
  There is a folk story for establishing Nanda Devi temple in Payasu village. There was no Devi temple in the village.
      One night, an elder from Molasi family saw a dream. In dream, Nanda Devi was sad that Payasu people were not caring for her. The dreamer asked her about her and showed his reason that nobody knew about her being in the village. In dream, Nanda Devi detailed the elder man that she was on a stone in Agrora Gadan (Agrora is Bisht village). Nanda Devi asked the dreamer for establishing her temple on top of Payasu village.
Next morning, the old man told about his dream to his fellow men.
Molasis fellow went to Agrora Gadan and found that big stone as directed by Nanda Devi.
  Molasi fellows tried to disestablish the big stone. They could not disestablish the stone. All Molasi fellows took the help of logs for disestablishing the stone. They took Nanda Devi big stone through logs on their shoulders and started taking her towards hill stop of Payasu. After some distance from Payasu towards the hill top, the Molasi fellows could not keep the big stone on their shoulders. Molasi fellows put down the stone. After taking rest , Molasi fellows started taking up the stone but were unsuccessful in disestablishing the stone.
    When Molasi fellows could not shake the stone, they establish Nanda Devi temple there. Initially, Molasi covered the Nanda Devi stone by a small stone –mud shade. However, now, Molasis built a bigger temple there.
    Molasis perform Nanda Devi rituals every Bhadon month for three days. In old age, Molasis sacrificed male buffalos and goats for Nanda Devi Pujan. However, now, Molasis stopped sacrificing the animals for Nand Devi ritual performances.

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  bckukreti@gmail.com 2016
Garhwali Folktales from Garhwal to be continued...123 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                Haliya and Sajhi in Ibbetson Settlement in Garhwal
   
                     

                 Characteristics of Ibbetson Settlement in Garhwal -19

                            British Administration in Garhwal   -75     
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -93

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -930
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-

Pau wrote, " In real sense, we can't put 'Haliya (plough man) and Sajhi ' in owner category. Haliya works as servant for his master farmer or jamindar and does not have any right on the land. Sajhi is found in only in Bhabhar. Sajhi has slightly more independent position than Haliya. However, Sajhi does not have any right on the land at all. In British initial period, the position of Haliya was nearly slave. Higher castes Brahman do not plough land. Therefore, Brahmans use Harijan as Haliya for ploughing land. Land owners arrange food and shelters for Haliya. By 1836, land owners offered clothing for Haliyas once in three years only. Land owners used to pay for marriage expenses of Haliyas. There was buying and selling of Haliyas in Kumaun by 1836."
         Though, the selling and buying of slaves was banned in Garhwal and Kumaun, the custom of keeping Haliya was remained same as past. By end of nineteenth century, there was increase in the wages for Haliya. It was informed to Pau that owners offer a blanket, clothing, food, shelter on annual basis to Haliya. Haliya looked after plough, agriculture works, cutting crops and thrashing etc.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 2/12/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -931
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 234-247
2-Ibbetson, A.W., Revenue Settlement of Garhwal District, pages
3-Pauw, Garhwal settlement report, page 42
4- Tara Datt Gairola, Selected Revenue decisions of Kumaun. Page 222-223
Xx

History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,     Poems

बग्वाळ  (गढ़वाली कविता )

रचना --   उर्मिला चमोली 
Poetry  by -Urmila Chamoli
 
-
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 222
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साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
-
ऐगी बग्वाळ
सब्यूं मा छाये उलार
सबी छन फुकणा पटागा अर  अनार
घर घर मा छा बण्यू दिवों का चित्रहार
सब्यूं मा  छायूँ छा उलार
गैणा भी खुश ह्वेतैं
देणा छा ये नीला आसमान सण प्रकाश कु उपहार
आज त या भी पागल ह्वेगी बयार
सब्यूं मा  छायूँ छा उलार
आसमान मा  रॉकेट की तेज रफ्तार
पहुंचीगे गैणों का ध्वार
तब सितारौंन दिनी चाँद सण
पटागों फुकणौ कू समाचार
चला हम भी फुकदां फुलझड़ी अर अनार
चांदु छ बोनू नारे भया
मित डरदौं पटागौं सी
यालै त मि लुक़्यूं छौं
ना मित फुकदो पटागा ना अनार
सब्यूं मा  छायूँ छा उलार   

(Ref-Angwal,2013)
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
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Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs ,  Poets   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses ,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs  ; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia   ,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries ,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal  ; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

     Devesh Joshi: An Intellectual Lyricist
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-139
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti

              Garhwali lyricist  Devesh Joshi was born in 1967 in Ganguli village of Chamoli Garhwal. Devesh has been publishing his modern lyrics here and there on various reginal periodicals.
  Devesh published his lyric collection as 'Gham, Barkha, Chail' in 2011 through Winsar Prakashan, Dehradun.
  There are 52 lyrics in 'Gham, Barkha, Chail'.
  Devesh Joshi got recognition from creating marvelous Garhwali Lyrics. He creates heart touching lyrics and intellectual lyrics as well.
There are softness of Garhwal and hard hitting revolutionary thoughts in the verses by Devesh.
        Devesh illustrates all types of subjects through his lyrics. He uses customary subject as well new subject. His lyrics are of old style and do not hesitate in creating new style lyrics.
He creates all types of images and many are new and are capable in surprising the readers.
He uses both customary and newer symbols for his expression.
  Devesh alos creates Ghazal in Garhwali.
Narendra Singh Negi, Dr. Nand Kishor Hatwal, Lokesh Navani and Bhishma Kukreti appreciated lyrics by Devesh.
      रंग
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Lyric by Devesh Joshi
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लाल पिंगळा हैरा नीला
काळा अर सुखैला
बनि -बनि रंग का छन 
दुनिया मा
पर विज्ञानं पढ्यां लोग ब्वलदन
कैकू क्वी रंग नी छ
रंग त उज्याळा मा हूंदा
उज्याळा का जै रंग तै हम पचै नी सकदा 
अपण भैरा खोळा मां
वै ही रंग दिख्येंदा
तब तू -
जु दिखेंद जथगा सुखिल भैर बिटेन
मन को उथगा काळू होलू
अर जु दिखेंदू जथगा ईमानदार
वो होंद महा -बेमान 




( साभार -- अंग्वाळ )

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देवेश जोशी की गजल Ghazal by Devesh Joshi
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कबि त छटैला ई जाळा दगड्या
कबि हमारा बि दिन आला दगड्या
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Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai; 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries; Poems Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Poems; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries, Poems folk Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia ; Poems;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Folk Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal;  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs; Modern Garhwali Folk Verses; Poems; Asian Modern Poetries; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary folk Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets; Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time;
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                Important Aspects of Land Ownership in Garhwal from   1815-1947
                     

                 Characteristics of Ibbetson Settlement in Garhwal -20

                            British Administration in Garhwal   -76     
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -94

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -931
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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The history of land ownership in Garhwal under British is very interesting. The initial Sayanas (Jamindar, Thokdar) those could have agreement with British offices used to request farmers for taking agriculture works in their owned land. Sayanas agreed for paying tax for huge land region but farmers were eager for settling and taking agriculture works as per their choices. British had agreement with village chiefs (Gram Padhan) for tax payment. However, the farmers under Padhan were so poor that Padhan used to pay tax on their behalf and were compelled for offering them ownership position (Hissedari or Khaikari). Slowly, after increase in prosperity and time gap, farmers came became aware that if they got land ownership, British government would protect their rights.
                 In 1842, Sayanas played tricks that they became Hissedar for land of their own brothers and Batton had to deal such complexities. Batton had to take matters for all types of crimes including land settlement. There was no help for Batton. The previous settlements had many flaws and Batton had to correct those flaws too. As soon as Beese settlement (twenty years settlement) came to an end, the Hissedar and Khaykar became aware for their land ownership rights. There was increase in land ownership disputes in the courts. In Trail period, there were nominal differences between Hissedar, Sirtan and Khaykar. Due to low population, the farmers were in stronger position for taking agriculture works from Sayanas etc. By 1864 (Becket land settlement), there was increase in population and less fertile land was available. Every famer was interested for making him as 'Hissedar'.

     Becket made list of the villages where Khaykars were there but there were no Hissedar for those villages. Pau also prepared a list of Khaykar villages. In most of cases, Khaykar became more prosperous than Hissedar due to hard works. Hissedar were only for the sake of paper works.

    Trail wrote in 1823 that Garhwalis love their land as mother and did not like to sell or offer their land to others. Garhwalis perceived selling mother land as 'neech kam' (lowest degree of act).
There were following types of mortgaging the land –
Dhali-Folo (Scattering)- In this type, the owner offered land ownership to the buyer
Mat- The land owner mortgaged the land to the money lender but pay tax regularly. After death of seller the land buyer started paying tax.
'Sashart Mat- The seller kept condition that as soon as he or his heirs get chance to repay the loan the new owner would hand over the land to original owner.

Bandhak- The land owner kept land mortgage for a fixed period and if not repay the loan the money lender used to become land owner.
  When in initial stage of British rule, there was clarity for land ownership, the people could sell their land with ease.
Trail wrote in 1825 that due to clarity in land ownership in Kumaun and Garhwal, the famers from Tehri and Nepal started migrating to Garhwal and Kumaon. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 3/12/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -932
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References 
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 234-248
2-Ibbetson, A.W., Revenue Settlement of Garhwal District, pages
3-Pauw, Garhwal settlement report, page 42
4- Tara Datt Gairola, Selected Revenue decisions of Kumaun. Page 222-223
5- Atkinson , Himalayan Districts, page 493, 464, 312
Xx

History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,     Poems

मजदूरो जागा  (गढ़वाली गीत  )

रचना --    मुनेंद्र डंगवाल ( जन्म  तिथि अज्ञात ,  टिहरी गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Munendra Dangwal
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Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 223
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साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
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उठा जागा मजदूरो दुनिया तैं  आज जगौंदा ,
भूखा पेट रैक तईं दुनिया तैं समुही रचौंदा II २ II
मेहनत मजदूरी हमारी छ बड़ी अनमोल
कला अर कलाई जनी तराजू को तोल II उ ०  II
पहाडूं -पाखाणो तोड़ी सड़की बणौदा 
झुग्गी झोपड़ी मठ , महल  बणौदा II उ ०  II
खेति अर खल्याणी गौंका कूड़ा बी बणैन
नाड़ी अर न्यसुड़ी बाणा साबळी गड़ीन   II उ ०  II   
डांडू की मरुड़ी गाडू घटुड़ी   चिणेन    II उ ०  II
कल अर कारखाना मैन संगती बणैन
हवाई जाज रेल गाडी मोटर गड़ेन   II उ ०  II
रोटी रोजी लैन मैन मालिक भनैन
भरिपेट खाणो फिर भी दिने नि छ कैन   II उ ०  II
मागण माँ मजदूरी हमतैं पितौंदा
डंडा छुर्री अर गोळी हमतैं दिखौंदा    II उ ०  II

(from Gitang a Lyric collection by Guna Nand 'Pathik' 1983)
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
-
Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs ,  Poets   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses ,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs  ; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia   ,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries ,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal  ; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries ; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Girish Pant 'Mrinal': Supporter for new Style in Garhwali Poetry
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Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-140
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti
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   Girish Pant 'Mrinal' is famous for his support for new style in Garhwali lyric, Ghazal and poems. Girish Pant was born in 1967 in Bhatti village of Pauri Garhwal. Girish published more than twenty poems in various periodicals. 
     बीजि ग्याई कविता (गढ़वाली कविता )

रचना --  गिरीश पंत 'मृणाल '  ( जन्म 1967  , भट्टी गांव , पौड़ी  गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Girish Pant 'Mrinal'
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( गढ़वाली कविता  क्रमगत इतिहास  भाग -140  )
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इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
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  खौरी  का बारा, बीजि ग्याई कविता
लेखिक , पौढिकि , 'से ' ग्याई कविता। 

गांधी का त्याग से रामी का तप तक
जीतू कि प्रीत मा 'र्वै' ग्याई कविता। 

ह्यूं का हिंवाळ से , स्वाणा बुग्याळयूँ तक
नंदा की छंतोळी तक 'छै '  ग्याई कविता।   

चौछवड़ि गाड गदेरों का पाणि से
गंगा की औत नहे  ग्याई कविता।   

हौळ की स्यूं बटि , बांजि पुंगड़ी तक
ढुंगा अर गार बुकै  ग्याई कविता।   

आंख्युं मा अंसधरि मन मा यकुलास
कुजाणि कैकु क्या ख्वै ग्याई कविता।   

सूणीकि -भौणीकि , बींगीकि -जाणीकि
कनै नि गूणी खौंळये  ग्याई कविता।   

देखिकि हाल मनखी मनख्याळी  का
हंसी कि रूणी बौळये  ग्याई कविता।       

( साभार -- अंग्वाळ )

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Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai; 2016