MeraPahad Community Of Uttarakhand Lovers

Crafts, Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era

Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -15 

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -204       
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -452 

                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)


      The major population of Garhwal was dependent on agriculture, forest produces and domestic animals. People used to produce all appliances themselves and a small area of a few villages was self dependent. Trade was at minimum. Craft articles were made in each village. Barter system was the major source of exchange including labor exchange (Dhankur). People had liking for artful products. Therefore, each utensil or appliance has artful design.
                 Fiber and Dress Material Industry
        People used to make dress materials and dresses for them themselves in villages. People used to have goats and sheep with cows, buffalos. By the skin of goat, people used to make bags. People used to make different materials from wool as blanket, mufflers, cap, Pattu , Carpets, etc. Koli used to spin cotton and used to make contemporary dress materials and dresses. Ngapur, Painkhnada, Dashauli, Badhan, jaunpur, barkot and bank of Ganga of Tehri were for famous for woolen clothing. The Marcha of Tibet also brought woolen materials from Tibet for trading. People used to export the above materials in Nazibabad, Haridwar, Dehradun and Saharanpur.
  Hemp was one of the precious sources of fibers.   Hemp fiber was used for making clothing, bags, ropes, cbedsheet etc.
  The whet husk, fiber of Bhemal (Grevia optiva) , Malu bark (Bahuniya family)  was used to make Mandar or bedding or carpet. The rice husk (Puwal)  was used for bedding purpose.
 Dwarf cotton was cultivated in Salan and Dehradun.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 9/10/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -453
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district, History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty ,  to be continued
XX
Crafts,  Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era; Crafts,  Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era in context Haridwar Garhwal History; Crafts,  Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era in context Dehradun Garhwal History; Crafts,  Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History Crafts,  Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era in context Tehri Garhwal History; Crafts,  Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; Crafts,  Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era in context Chamoli Garhwal History; Crafts,  Dress Materials, Fiber Industry in Garhwal of Pal /Shah Era in context Pauri Garhwal History;

 Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era

Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -16 

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -205       
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -453 

                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                            Wooden Utensils
    The wood utensils were more in use than mud and metal utensils in Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era. Geenthi /Ginthi (Boehmeria regulosa) trunk was very useful in making utensils as Mana-Patha (volume measuring vessels); Baroli, Parothi , Dakhuli, Vessels for milk, curd  and Ghee; Parya for churning curd; Kundi (sdeep dish)and Payala (flatter and bigger plate) , parat for taking food. Pilgrims used to buy wood utensils from Kalifat, Maikhunda.
               Metal Utensils and Appliances 
  Every Metal was precious as gold. Jaspur (Malla Dhanu , Pauri Garhwal) ; was famous for iron smith and metal smith up to Tehri and Shrinagar specially Big Dibla (Vessel). Shrinagar and Almora were famous for copper Gagar. The metal weapons were made near Shringar. In most of the villages, metal smiths used to produce agro appliances and house hold appliances.
                          Mud Utensils and Stone Utensils
 Mud and Stone utensils were made in most of the region. Earthen lamps, Hisar (roasting vessel); Handi, karudi, Baroli, Batakh (water vessel); Ghada (Pitcher) Daula (big vessel for keeping water) were common mud utensils. Payalu was main stone utensil.
  It is said that Kukretis of Jaspur ( Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal) invited people from Shrinagar side and established them in Hatnud –Kuthar (Dahngu, Pauri Garhwal). Hathnud –Kuthar used to supply Mud utensils to south Garhwal especially Ganga Salan.
 Kanda Ganv of Aswalsyun was another village famous for Mud utensil production. The saying was that ‘Kanda ku jalu jaik dauli (vessel) futalu’. Ujyadi (Gagwadsyun, Shrinagar); Kainnur and Pajyana (Lobha); Pajyana (Sili Chandpur) were other centers for producing mud utensils.
                     Bamboo Appliances
     People used Bamboo vessels for storing grains and pusles etc. These were called Dabla, kandi, Solta, narela, pathodi, Chadbi, Dulni, Dolni, Baskets etc. The craftsman of bamboo appliances was called Rudiya. Rudiya also made different types of mat from bamboo, Ringal. Umbrella was also made by bamboo. Comb was made by bamboo.
                                Hill or Himalayan Paper
                            Paper was made from Satpuda or Set tree bark or birch bark. The paper was durable as leather. The court used to use this paper for record keeping. Garhwal paper had very high demand in Tibet and north Indian plains. People of Upraili valley, Chpdakot, Pindar valley , Dhaijyula region used make Garhwali paper.
                                 Wooden Craft

  Wooden craft was highly developed. The craftsmen used to make door and its accessories, artful statutes, temple roof,. The Tibari ( hall)  was also had artful wood work on its pillars and doors.  Old temples of Uttarakhand especially Uttarkashi are best examples of highly developed wood crafts in Uttarakhand.

 Haridwar was also a major buying centers of Garhwal crafts to the pilgrims.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 10/10/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -454
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district, History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty ,  to be continued
XX
Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era; Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History; Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era in context Tehri Garhwal History; Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era in context Chamoli Garhwal History; Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era in context Pauri Garhwal History; Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era in context Haridwar Garhwal History; Utensils and other Crafts of Garhwal in Pal /Shah Era in context Dehradun Garhwal History;
 

        अजकाल पत्रकारुं नाक पर डाट किलै लग्यु च ?

                            विमर्श ::: भीष्म कुकरेती

                      भारत इथगा बड़ो देस च त जन बड़ो परिवार मा क्वी ना क्वी स्वील हूणि रौंदी ऊनि चुनावुं मौसम हर द्वी तीन मैना मा आणु ही रौंद। इनमा हरेक दफैं पत्रकार या राजनीतिक , सामाजिक विश्लेषक अपण मंतव्य दीणा रौंदन पर कुनगस या च, आश्चर्य  या च या सुंताल इन लगद कि अधिकाँश क्या सबी पत्रकारुं भविष्यवाणी सही नि आंदि।  अधिकतर भविष्यवाणी गलत ही साबित हूणी छन।

      पत्रकारुं या विश्लेषकुं भविष्यवाणी हर बार गलत साबित हूणों मतबल च कि भौत कुछ गलत हूणु च।  पत्रकार कै बि देशम अहम भूमिका निभंदन अर यदि पत्रकारुं पर ही प्रश्नचिन्ह लगण मिसे जावन त फिर क्या बुले जै सक्यांद ?

                     हरेक चित्वळ भारतीय   पत्रकारुं नाक पर डाट किलै लग्युं च , पत्रकारुं आँख पर मोतियाबिंद किलै पड़्यूं च , पत्रकारुं गणत किलै असफल हूणु च जन सवालुं जबाब खुजण मा लग्युं च।

मी बि यु खुज्याणु छौं कि भारतीय पत्रकार किलै भारतीयों मन नि पढ़ सकणा छन , किलै पत्रकार असलियत सूंघ नि सकणा छन , किलै पत्रकार देखि नि सकणा छन कि हुनु क्या च ?

                म्यार दिखण से कुछ ख़ास कारण छन कि पत्रकार असलियत पछ्याणनम नाकामयाब हूणा छन।

                    सबसे बड़ो कारण च कि अदा से ज्यादा अखबार अर मीडिया पर रांजीतिज्ञों कब्जा च।  बकै अदा पर संपादक आदि कै ना कै राजनीतिक पार्टी या राजनीतिक विचारधारा का प्रति प्रतिबद्ध छन। मुंबई छोड़िक बकै महाराष्ट्र मा सकाळ अर लोकमत द्वी मुख्य अखबार छन जु सरा महाराष्ट्र मा पढ़े जांदन।   शरद पंवार परिवार सकाळ कु मालिक च त कॉंग्रेसी दर्डा परिवार लोकमत कु मालिक च। टीवी मीडिया का हाल तो सबि जाणदन।

तो इन मा पत्रकार वी दिखदन जु वूंक मालक या संपादक चांदन।  आखरी छोर पर काम करण वाळ पत्रकार यदि असलियत समिण लाण बि चाँद तो भी मालिक अर संपादक पाठकों तैं वी द्याला जु वूंको स्वार्थ पूर्ति कारल !

                    ओपिनियन ना ओपिनियन मेकर अब संपादक या विश्लेषक बण्या छन।  विश्लेषकुं , सम्पाद्कुं अर पत्रकारुं  काम च कि लोगुं भावना या ओपिनियन दिखावन किन्तु अजकाल विश्लेषकुं , संपादकुं  , पत्रकारुं मध्य अपण स्वार्थ पूर्ति का वास्ता लोगुं   ओपिनियन सुणणो जगा अपर ओपिनियन थपेड़नो  छौंपा दौड़ि , प्रतियोगिता हूणी रौंदी तो इनमा सबि भविष्यवाणी करण मा फिस्सड्डी साबित हूणा छन।

                   वैकल्पिक मीडिया अर ग्लोबलाइजेसन का प्रभाव से अब हर पांच सालम लोगुं इंस्पाइरेसनल थिंकिंग मा भयंकर बदलाव आणु च।  किन्तु पत्रकार अबि बि विश्लेषण करणो पारम्परिक आधार पर विश्लेषण करणा रौंदन।  पिछला चार पांच सालुं मा आइडेंटिटी याने पछ्याणक भावना की जगा इंस्पाइरेसनल भवना अधिक बलवती हूणि च।  आइडेंटिटी की जगा इन्सपायरेसन तैं मार्केटिंग या विज्ञापन करता तो पछ्याण गेन किंतु हमर पत्रकार अबि बि समाज मा आइडेंटिटी आधार पर चुनावी या सामाजिक बदलाव  भविष्यवाणी करणा रौंदन।  बदलदो समय पर विश्लेषणों टूल-उपकरण  , आधार बि बदलेण चयेंदन।

         म्यार पिछ्ला तीस साल से म्यार मीडिया दगड़ विज्ञापनकर्ता का रूप मा संबंध राइ अर मीन द्याख कि पिछ्ला दस पंदरा सालुं से अखबार या   टीवी चुनावुं बगत भौतसा अलग ढंग से पैसा कमांदन। पेड़ न्यूज या विज्ञापन देकि जनसंपर्कीय समाचार प्राप्त करण आज बहुत बलवती ह्वे गे। चुनावुं बगत पत्रकारों तैं पैसा लाणो टारगेट दिए जांद अर इन मा जन भावना , ओपिनियन का क्वी मूल्य ही नि रै जांद।

  फिर अचकाल बड़ा बड़ा पत्रकार , संपादक , विश्लेषक राजयसभा सदस्य या हौर  सभाओं का सदस्य बणनो बान राजनीतिक विश्लेषण करण मा व्यस्त छन तो इनमा आज पत्रकारों नाक पर डाट , आँख पर गिल्लू माटो लेप  , कन्दुडों पर बुज्या लग्यां छन अर यूंकि भविष्यवाणीन गलत  हूणि च।


Copyright@  Bhishma Kukreti  11/10 /2014       

Kunwar Singh Negi ‘Karmath’: Freedoms Fighter and Garhwali Language Developer
                      (Great Uttarakhand Personalities Series)

          Presented by – Bhishma Kukreti

  The contribution of Kunwar Singh Negi ‘Karmath’ is of varied ways. He was freedom fighter, social worker, poet, journalist, editor, books & newspaper publishers.
            Kunwar Singh Negi ‘Karmath’ was born on 20th January in 1912 in village Pang (Ghuddaud Syun) , Tahsil Pauri of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand.  His mother name was Lakshmi and father’s name was Jasod Singh Negi. Karmath expired on 8/10/2014 in Kotdwara at the age of 103 years.
   Kunwar Singh ‘Karmath’ was the founder of Kaleshwar Press Lansdowne and then shifted it to Kotdwara.
  Karmath became famous as Hill Paper Contractor in 1936 at the time of Paimais or at the time land measurement.
        Kunwar Singh Karmath established Kaleshwar Press and later on joined it with Publishing Trading Company. Initially the first weekly Karmabhumi of Garhwal was printed, published and distributed from Kaleshwar Press of Karmath. Bhakt Darshan Singh was the editor of Karmabhumi. When in 1942, British put Bhakt Drashan into prison; Kunwar Singh Karmath took over the responsibility of Karmabhumi as editor. Later on Karmabhumi was separated from Kaleshwar press. Karmath participated in freedom movement by helping freedom fighters. Kunwar Singh Negi karmath was friend of freedom fighters as  Bhakt Darshan, Bhairav Datt Dhuliya, Lalita Prasad Naithani, Mukandi Lal Barister, Dudfodi etc
  Karmath shifted Kaleshwar press to Kotdwara in 1950. The Kaleshwar press became the printing press for many local newspapers and magazines as Hitaishi, Karmabhumi, Kshatriya Veer, Satyapath, Dev bhumi, Himalay ki Lalkar and Awaj. Jaihind Press Lansdowne and Veerbhumi Press were the branches of Kaleshwar Press.
   Kunwar Singh Karmath had been publishing a Hindi –Garhwali monthly Garh –Gaurav from 1976.
  Karmath is famous for publishing following memorable books written by literature creative-
Garhwali Kathamala
Garhli Shabdkosh
Vetal Pachisi in Garhwali
Karmavir Gandhi
Mukund Makrand
Dr. Pitamber Datt Barthwal
Geeta ka Garhwali Anuvad
Swadhinta Sangram me Garhwaliyon ka Yogdan
Colonel Indra jit Singh Rawat ki Jivani
Garhwal ka Jatiy Itihas
Bhainsaro nayar Nadi
Icchagiri Mai
Beerbala Tilu Rauteli
And many more books as on Kalidas and Mukandi lal Smriti Granth
He had great followership due to his humble and Gandhivadi nature. For his entire life, Karmath was Gandhi follower.
Karmath was also a prominent social worker of Kotdwara.
Kunwar Singh Negi Karmath would remembered till there earth. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 11/10/2014

              Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal

Administration, Social and Cultural Characteristics History of Garhwal in Shah Dynasty -18 

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -207       
   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -455 

                        By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
    Definitely, Katyuri kings would have promoted dance , music and songs as they promoted sculpture culture.
                 Mughal Emperors were lovers for dance, songs and other arts. There were famous dancers and singers in Mughal emperor’s courts. Influenced by Mughal culture, Hindu kings under Mughal Empire or free Kings also promoted dancers, singers. Hindu Kings also offered shelter to dance-singing music artisans. 
  Garhwal Kings were also protectors of dancers, singers and musicians. According to Manodaya Kavya, there were dancers, singers and musicians in the court of King Man Shah.
        Shyam Shah the Son of Man Shah was musicians. Shyam Shah could differentiate among Rag and Raganis.  The artisans used to visit Garhwal Kingdom and Shyam Shah used to offer them valuables. The lover prostitute of Shyam Shah was an expert classical singer. Shyam Shah used to visit her after lunch with musicians.
 Prithvipati Shah was also shelter providers to Musicians, artists.
 Fate Shah had love for music. There was a Umag the poet and singer in court of Fate Shah.
 Kriparam Dobhal the Mukhtyar or chief minister of Jai Krit Shah was also music lover.
 Kings promoted Majlish. There used to be dance, singing in Majlish for late night. Shrinagar was famous for Muslim prostitute (dancers, singers etc). Garhwal Kingdom used to pay salaries to those prostitutes.
 There were Dev Dasi –prostitute and female dancers in temples of Kedarnath, Badrinath, Tungnath, Gopeshwar, Kalimath, Ranihat, Devalgarh.
 Ministers and Thokdars also promoted dancers and singers (Badi –Badan). They used to keep their own Badi-Badan and prostitute or keeper.  Court poet Maularam had a prostitute called ‘Lachami’ Pradyuman Shah snatched that prostitute from Maularam.
     Hindu prostitutes were called ‘Rajni’. Muslim prostitutes were costly in Shrinagar. Muslim ambassadors coming to Shrinagar also demanded prostitute for their entertainment.
  Apart from Hindustani classic, the Garhwal Kings also promoted folk dance, song and music.
  In society community music, dances and songs were very common.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 12/10/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -456
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….
XX    
Notes on South Asian Modern Period  History of Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian  Modern Period   History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Tehri Garhwal;  South Asian Modern  History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Modern  History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Modern Period   History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Modern Period  History of Haridwar district, History of Characteristics of Garhwal Kings Shah dynasty ,  to be continued
XX
Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal; Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal in context Tehri Garhwal History; Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History; Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal in context Dehradun Garhwal History; Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal in context Haridwar Garhwal History; Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal in context Pauri Garhwal History; Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal in context Chamoli Garhwal History; Dance, Music, Song Promotion by Garhwal Kings in Garhwal in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History;