Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Duties/Responsibilities of Chief executive Officers

(Guidelines for Chief Executive Officers (CEO) series -14)
(Guiding Lessons for CEOs based on Shukraneeti)

By: Bhishma Kukreti (Sales and Marketing Consultant)
-
विना स्वधर्मान्न सुखं  स्वधर्मो हि परं तपः।
तपः स्वधर्मरूपं यत वर्धितं येन वै सदा।
देवास्तु किंकरास्तस्य किं पुनर्मनुजा भुवि  ।। 24।।  (  शुक्रनीति )
Vina swadharmanna sukham swadharmo hi parm tap: ।
Tap: swadharmarupam yata vardhitam yen vai sada ।
Devastu kinkarastasya kim punarmanuja bhuvi ।। 24।।  (Shukraneeti)
[Carrying out own duties/responsibilities  is the main meditation. Without this meditation (Carrying out own duties), there is no pleasure. The deities become  slave of the person that carries out own duties firmly ]
The job of chief executive officer is not typical officer or executive but beyond all that. The major duties/responsibilities of chief executive officer are –
The chief executive should have own vision (Mission and Vision) for achieving the organization goal.
The CEO provides the resources to the departments.
CEO builds the organizational culture
The Chief Executive Officer makes decision and paves the ways for his subordinates taking appropriate decisions
The Chief Executive Officer delivers the performances for the organization.
The Chief executive Officers makes the strategies for achieving over all organizational goals.
The job of CEO is also to make communication with shareholders, staf , government bodies and to all stake holders.
The CEO creates channels of communication those are must for the organization
The CEO makes guidelines for evaluation system in the organization.
CEO takes appropriate actions for safeguards of the organization.
CEO sets the strategic goals for all in the organization those are measurable and takes responsibilities for all achieving goals in the organization.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2019
Duties , Guidelines for Chief Executive Officers;  Duties , Guidelines for Managing Directors;  Duties , Guidelines for Chief Operating officers (CEO);  Duties , Guidelines for  General Mangers;  Duties , Guidelines for Chief Financial Officers (CFO) ;  Duties , Guidelines for Executive Directors ;  Duties , Guidelines for ;   Duties , Guidelines for  CEO;   Duties , Guidelines for COO ;   Duties , Guidelines for CFO ;   Duties , Guidelines for  Managers;   Duties , Guidelines for  Executive Directors;   Duties , Guidelines for MD ;   Duties , Guidelines for Chairman ;   Duties , Guidelines for President ;   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

नोर्वेयी (उत्तरी यूरोप ) हौंसण्या छ्वीं /जोक्स
-
संकलन - भीष्म कुकरेती
-
इन बुले जांद बल नॉर्वे वळ हंसद नि छन।  इन बात नी बल्कणम नॉर्वे वळ हंसद दैं बि गंभीर मुख करिक हंसदन।  नॉर्वे क हौंस तीन ढंगै हूंद -
सूखी हौंस (Dry Humor )
शब्दजाल व बेतुक/बेढंग युक्त  हौंस  (Word Play and Absurd Humor )
आत्म बिडंबना (Self-Irony )
-
                   - नॉर्वे कु एक जोक हंसोण्या छ्वीं -
द्वी नोर्वेयी कार से कखि जाणा छा।  पता चौल बल लाइट खराब ह्वे गे।  ड्राइवर न कार रोकी अर हैंक लाइट /ब्लिंकर दिखणो भीम उतर गे।  ब्लिंकर दिखद दिखद वू चिल्लाणु थौ - हैं ! लाइट काम करणी च    ... ना ना लेत नई आणि, ... लाइट काम करणी च    ... ना ना लेत नई आणि , ....  लाइट काम करणी च    ... ना ना लेत नई आणि । 
 

कॉपीराइट ? चुरायुं माल च।  क्यांक कॉपीराइट ?
पौड़ी गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; चमोली  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  रुद्रप्रयाग  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; टिहरी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; उत्तरकाशी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  देहरादून  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; हरिद्वार  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;    Jokes from Pauri  Garhwal;   Jokes from Chamoli Garhwal;   Jokes from Rudraprayag Garhwal;   Jokes from Tehri Garhwal;   Jokes from  Uttarkashi Garhwal;   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Losses by CEO not performing own Duties (failure of Employees )

(Guidelines for Chief Executive Officers (CEO) series -14)
(Guiding Lessons for CEOs based on Shukraneeti)

By: Bhishma Kukreti (Sales and Marketing Consultant)
-
सुदंडै: धर्मनिरताः प्रजाः कुर्यान्महाभये:I
नृपः स्वधर्मनिरतो भूत्वा तेजः क्षयोअन्यथा   ।। 25 ।।  (  शुक्रनीति )
Sudandai: Dharmanirata: Kuryanmahabhaye:I
Nripa: Swadharmanirta: Bhutwa Kshayonytha II 25II Shukraneeti
[The King should inspire/compel the citizens to act as per rules  and regulations of the Kingdom. The King that does not perform own duties losses. ]
  One of foremost important duties of a CEO is making code of conducts /rules and regulations for the employees of the organization and to see that all employees perform their duties as per the rules and regulation of the organization.
If the employees do not act as per the rules and regulations of the organization it is the individual failures of the CEO and not of employees.
The employees fail in acting their performances due to incompetency of CEO and not clear in communication for setting the organizational goals to the employees 
If the CEO does not perform own duties the employees do not act for the organizational goals.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, 2019
Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for Chief Executive Officers; Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for Managing Directors; Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for Chief Operating officers (CEO); Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for  General Mangers; Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for Chief Financial Officers (CFO) ; Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for Executive Directors ; Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for ; Refreshing Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for  CEO; Refreshing Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for COO ; Refreshing Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for CFO ; Refreshing Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for  Managers; Refreshing Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for  Executive Directors; Refreshing Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for MD ; Refreshing Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for Chairman ; Refreshing Losses by CEO not Performing  Duties , Guidelines for President ;   Serving internal and external Customers by CEO , Managing directors ; Ultimate Duties of CEO/chief executive Officers

[Bhishma Kukreti]

  ऑस्ट्रियाई (Austrian ) हौंसण्या  बत्थ /जोक्स

संकलन - भीष्म कुकरेती 
-1 -
प्रश्न - क्या बछरू कूड़ से उच्ची कुद्दी मार सकुद ?
उत्तर - हाँ हाँ।  कूड़ कुद्दी  नि मार सकुद।
-------------
-2 -
होटलम एक मनिख वेटर से बुल्दु - वेटर ! देख देख या कॉफी  ह्यूं जन ऐड़ी /ठंडी च।
वेटर - औ थैंक यू।  मि बिल ठीक कर देलु।  ठंडी कॉंफी एक यूरो मैंगी च।



कॉपीराइट ? चुरायुं माल च।  क्यांक कॉपीराइट ?
पौड़ी गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; चमोली  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  रुद्रप्रयाग  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; टिहरी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; उत्तरकाशी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  देहरादून  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; हरिद्वार  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;    Jokes from Pauri  Garhwal;   Jokes from Chamoli Garhwal;   Jokes from Rudraprayag Garhwal;   Jokes from Tehri Garhwal;   Jokes from  Uttarkashi Garhwal;   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

बेल्जियम बिटेन हंसण्या छ्वीं बथ /जोक्स
-
संकलन - भीष्म कुकरेती
-
बेल्जियम कॉमिक कलाकारों बान प्रसिद्ध देस च।  इख प्रति वर्ग किलमोमीटर का गणत म सबसे अधिक कॉमिक कलाकार ह्वेन।  बेल्जियम की राजधानी बारा म बुले जांद बल इख भोजन , बियर अर हौंस खूब मिल्दो।  ये देशम हस्य्युक्त (कार्टून नुमा ) मूर्ति भि बिकदन।
      --1 - जोक --
एक बल्द बेल्जियम अर हॉलैंडक सीमा म खड़ो छौ
सवाल यु छौ बल बल्द बेल्जियम की सीमा म दूध द्यालो या हॉलैंड की सीमा म ?
उत्तर - बल्द दूध नि  दींदो
किन्तु बेल्जियम वळुं  तै यु पता इ नी।


  कॉपीराइट ? चुरायुं माल च।  क्यांक कॉपीराइट ?
पौड़ी गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; चमोली  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  रुद्रप्रयाग  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; टिहरी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; उत्तरकाशी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  देहरादून  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; हरिद्वार  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;    Jokes from Pauri  Garhwal;   Jokes from Chamoli Garhwal;   Jokes from Rudraprayag Garhwal;   Jokes from Tehri Garhwal;   Jokes from  Uttarkashi Garhwal;   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

History of Botany in Neolithic Age in Indian Subcontinent -1
(Characteristics of Neolithic Age of Indian Subcontinent)
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent -6

By: Bhishma Kukreti M.Sc. (Botany) (Medical Tourism History Researcher)
-
  Neolithic age means the new Stone Age or Agriculture Revolution Period in Indian Subcontinent.
No doubt, Neolithic age started around 10000 BC but it started in India around 7000 BC.
Indus Valley civilization is part or flourishing result of Neolithic age.
        Geographical Sites of Neo Lithic Age in India
The following sites are important sites of Neolithic Period in India –
Mehargarh in Pakistan
Gufcral (Kashmir Region)
Burzahom  (Kashmir Region)
Chirand in Bihar
Mahgaro in Uttar Pradesh
Chopani Mando in Uttar Pradesh
Char Hills in North East region
Gharo Hills in North East region
Naga Hills in North East region
Kodekal and Piyampalli in Tamil Nadu
Palavoy in Andhra Pradesh
Maski and Brahmgiri in Karnataka
  From Food gatherer to food producers –The people became farmers in this period. The exchange of goods also became common practice in Neolithic Age in India. Food production brought prosperity and people also found time for creating potteries, baskets, carpentry and other creative works too.
The domestication of plants and animals became a culture in Neolithic Period.
The main characteristics of Neolithic age in India were-
Human beings living in communities
Farming practices
Food and other materials trade or exchanges of goods started
People started living near  water sources as river or lake or pond banks.
The tools also changes in this period for farming and other house hold uses .The houses were built by bamboo, roofs were made by grasses or leaves and were of rectangular shape. The walls were being built by stones or by bricks too.
The Neolithic people believed in life after death hence, they buried food and other materials with dead bodies.
 
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bjkukreti@gmail.com , Mumbai India, June 2019
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent will be continued in next chapter
Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Andhra Pradesh India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Arunachal Pradesh, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Assam, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Bihar, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Chhattisgarh ,  India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Goa, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Gujarat, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Haryana , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of  Himachal Pradesh , India, Asia; ; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Jammu Kashmir , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Jharkhand ,India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Karnataka, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Kerala, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Madhya Pradesh India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Maharashtra , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Manipur, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Meghalaya, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Mizoram , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Nagaland, India, Asia; ; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Odisha, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Punjab, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Rajasthan , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Sikkim, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Tamil Nadu, India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Telangana , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Tripura , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Uttarakhand (U.K.) , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of  Uttar Pradesh , India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of West Bengal ,India, Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of  , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of  , Myanmar , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of  , Bangladesh , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of Pakistan  , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of  Baluchistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of  Nepal , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Neolithic Age in India and History of Botany of  Afghanistan, Indian subcontinent , Asia;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

चेक (Czech ) बिटेन हंसण्या छ्वीं बथ /जोक्स
-
संकलन - भीष्म कुकरेती   

चेक (Czech ) मध्य यूरोपौ  एक देस च अर माने जांद बल हंसण -खिलण वळ लोगुं देस च।  इखाक हौंस विशेष च बल।  कुछ बुल्दन बल ब्रिटेन का जनि चेक हौंस रूखो , क्रूर  हूंद तो कुछ माणदन  बल चेक हौंस यहूद्यूं जन हूंद बल। माने जांद बल चेक संस्कृति म बियर अर हौंस महत्वपूर्ण च। 
1 -जोक
एक नरभक्षी  भोजनालय म द्वी नरभक्षी अलग अलग टेबलम बैठ्यां छा. बैरा आयी अर दुयुं से बुलण बैठ - "जी बस भोजनालय बंद हूण वळ च अर अब सुबेर इ खुलल।  क्या तुम द्वी भोजन शेयर /बांटिक खै लेल्या।  बस एक स्लोवियाई मिनिस्टर बच्यु च। "
द्वी नरभक्षयुं न एक हैंक तैं देखि अर इक दगड़ी ब्वाल - ठीक च हम चेक तै बांटी द्योला।
2 -जोक -
एक इंटरव्यू
उम्मीदवार से सवाल - आखरी जॉब म कति साल छा ?
उम्मीदवार - दस साल।
उम्मीदवार से सवाल - किलै छ्वाड़ ?
उत्तर - असल म तब राष्ट्रपति न अमिनेस्टी  (बंधकों तै क्षमा करिक छुड़न ) डिक्लेयर जि कौर दे छौ। 


  कॉपीराइट ? चुरायुं माल च।  क्यांक कॉपीराइट ?
पौड़ी गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; चमोली  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  रुद्रप्रयाग  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; टिहरी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; उत्तरकाशी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  देहरादून  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; हरिद्वार  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;    Jokes from Pauri  Garhwal;   Jokes from Chamoli Garhwal;   Jokes from Rudraprayag Garhwal;   Jokes from Tehri Garhwal;   Jokes from  Uttarkashi Garhwal;     

[Bhishma Kukreti]

फ्रांस बिटेन  , मुस्कराण्या ,  हंसौण्या , खिकतौण्या छ्वीं बत्थ /जोक्स

संकलन - भीष्म कुकरेती
-
फ्रेंच लोक अपण भाषा से बिंडी प्रेम करदन अर यूंको हौंसम भाषा विषय हावी रौंद।  असलम फ्रेंच हौंस से अधिक बुद्धिवादी व्यग्य चबोड़ पसंद करदन।  फ्रेंच हौंस म दूसरों मखौल अधिक हूंद अपड़ मखौल कम हूंद। फ्रेंच हौंस म सेक्स , शारीरिक कार्य या अंग अधिक मिल्दो।
1 जोक -
सवाल - हम तैं सद्दाम हुसैन या ओसामा बिन लादेन का बिरुद्ध  फ्रांस की क्या जरूरत च ?
जबाब - भई जां से फ्रेंच ऊं  तैं  दिखै साको  बल आत्मसम्पर्ण कन करण।
=========
2 -
अपण पार्टी  फ्रेंचमैन तैं भैर रखणो तरीका क्या च ?
पार्टी स्थल को भैर बोर्ड लगै द्यावो 'नंगापन बिलकुल बि ना "
==========
3 - जोक
जीसस फ्रांस म किले पैदा नि ह्वे ?
किलैकि फ्रांस म जीसस तैं तीन होसियार मनिख या कुँवारी कन्या नि मिलेन

कॉपीराइट ? चुरायुं माल च।  क्यांक कॉपीराइट ?
पौड़ी गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; चमोली  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  रुद्रप्रयाग  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; टिहरी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; उत्तरकाशी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  देहरादून  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; हरिद्वार  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;    Jokes from Pauri  Garhwal;   Jokes from Chamoli Garhwal;   Jokes from Rudraprayag Garhwal;   Jokes from Tehri Garhwal;   Jokes from  Uttarkashi Garhwal;     

[Bhishma Kukreti]

  आइलैंड (Ireland )का हंसौण्या शब्दकोश  अंश 


संकलन - भीष्म कुकरेती

   ( आइलैंड का हास्य रहस्य से भर्युं च।   आम जोक्सों म दारु , दरोड्यों बिंडी  छ्वीं हूंदन।
                    - आइलैंडी हंसौण्या शब्दकोश का कुछ भाग -
ऐक्टिंग -शर्मीला मनिखाक बदला।
ऐक्टिंग - एक शर्मीलो मनिख का संसार से बदला।
ऐक्टिंग - कला कु निम्न से निम्न स्तर हां जु ऐक्टिंग कला च त।
ऐक्टिंग - दुनियादारी से बदला कु प्रदर्शन।
ऐक्टिविटी (गतिविधि ) - ज्ञान प्राप्ति को एकमात्र साधन।
एडल्ट्स (वयस्क  ) - बच्चा जु कमांद छन।
अल्कोहल (दारु ) -बेहोश करणो दवा जाँसे हम जिंदगी ओप्रेसन /चीरफाड़ का दुःख सहन करदां।
एल्कोहोलिज्म (शराबीपन )- एक बीमारी जो तुमसे बुल्दी बल  तुम्हारी क्वी समस्या यी नी च।
एम्बिशन (अभिलाषा )-  असफलता को आखरी बसेरा।
ऐनार्किज्म (अराजकताबाद )- एक राजकीय खेल जखम पुलिस तुम तै पीट सकद।
अन्थोलॉजी (संकलन )  -  दिमाग बी बान पैलि बिटेन पकायुन भोजन
ऐंटी फेमिनिस्ट (महिला विरोधी ) - जु परिपूर्ण आस्वस्थ रौंद बल वेकी ब्वे मूर्ख छे।
बुकसेलर - सभ्यता को सबसे स्वीकार्य  सेवक
बिल्ली - फराह क जीवन चरित्र , कृष्ण को दया  अर पूछ  प्रश्नचिन्ह जन



कॉपीराइट ? चुरायुं माल च।  क्यांक कॉपीराइट ?
पौड़ी गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; चमोली  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  रुद्रप्रयाग  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; टिहरी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; उत्तरकाशी  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;  देहरादून  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ; हरिद्वार  गढ़वाल से जोक्स , हास्य ;    Jokes from Pauri  Garhwal;   Jokes from Chamoli Garhwal;   Jokes from Rudraprayag Garhwal;   Jokes from Tehri Garhwal;   Jokes from  Uttarkashi Garhwal 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Plant Domestication, Introduction-cultivation and Plant Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India

(History of Botany in Neolithic Age in India -2)
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent -7

By: Bhishma Kukreti M.Sc. {(Botany), B.Sc. (Honors in Botany), Medical Tourism Historian)}
-
There are two types of cultivars in Neolithic age (1)-
1-Primary crop origin –cultivation started from wild progenitors local to regions .The social process in primary plant origin is –
A-Pristine –cultivation initiated by hunter gatherers only in contact with hunter gatherers.
  B-Inspired – cultivation started by hunter gatherers in contact with food producers.
C-Additive-cultivation started by farmers possessing other crops
2- Secondary crop origin- crop introduced not from local progenitors.(1)
The social process is as under in secondary crop origin type (1)-
A-Migration – immigrants farmers carry crops/livestock  to other regions (demic diffusion)
B- Adoption  -  crops or livestock obtained from other region through trade with minimal immigration (cultural diffusion) .

           In a significant research paper, Dorian Q Fuller (1) states that the research shows that crop cultivation may have begun in as many five regions (South India, Orissa, the middle Ganges, Saurashtra and Himalayan Foothills) of India before the introduction of exogenous crops and cultivation system. Fuller offers arguments for local ways of domestication in the above five regions of India (1).
                  Early Crops in South India
  The archeobotanical evidences show that there were following crops dominated the southern region in Neolithic India (2) –
A-Pulses
Mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum)
B-Grains
Signal grass millet (Brachiaria ramosa)
Bristly Foxtail Millet (Setaria verticillata)
       Grain based agriculture in Neolithic age in Jhusi of Gnaga Plains
  Pokharia , Pal and Shrivastava offered us the evidences of following food items from Neolithic Jhusi (Allahabd , UP)  (3) those indicate that following plants either were domesticated or cultivated in North India  from 7th millennium to BC 2nd century -
Cereals
Rice (Oryza sativa )
Barely (Hordeum vulgare )
Bread Wheat( Triticum aestivum )
Drwarf Wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum )
Pulses
Lentil (Lens culnaris )
Field Pea( Pisum arvense )
Green Gram (Vigna radiata)
Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus )
Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum )
Oil yielding plants
Flex (Linum usitatissimum)
Sesame (Sesamum indicum )
Horticulture plants
Grape (Vitis venifera )
Amwala( Emblica officinalis) 
Vetch (Vicia sativa )
Job's Tear (Coix lachrymal-jobi)
Season for agriculture, sowing cropping of edible grains etc. in Jhusi (UP) in Neolithic Age
              Pokharia et all (3) informed the sowing and cropping period in Neolithic age of Jhusi (UP). The research paper states that the rice, horse gram and green gram were grown in warm rainy season. The winter growing crops were barley, bread wheat, dwarf wheat, field peas, lentil, grass pea and linseed. Grape was winter growing fruit crop. If those cereals etc. were not the origin of UP the theory is that the area was culturally connected with the original home of winter crop right from the early Neolithic culture (3).



           Rice domestication cultivation in North India
Dr Fuller states about domestication of rice in north India (1) that there are evidences of orgin cultivation of ancestral indica rice. Fuller further mentions that the full morphological sense was not completed until domesticated Japonica varieties were introduced to North India from China allowing hybridization.
–



 
  Domestication and introduction of Plants in Orissa in Neolithic Age
As per Fuller (1), the following crops were either domesticated or cultivated by bringing seeds /knowledge from other regions-
The rice had been dominating crops in Neolithic age in Orissa region (1). The following domesticate pulses-
Cajanus cajan
Macrotyloma uniflorum (introduced one)
Vigna radiata
Vigna mungo
Perhaps Pancicum sumatrense was also domesticated or introduced and cultivate, domesticated (1). Fuller (1) suggests that the agriculture and sedentism(transition)  were established in Orissa around mid-second millennium BC .
Domestication and introduction of Plants in Saurashtra in Neolithic Age
Fuller informs that the evidence of early agriculture /cultivation, domestication in Suarshtra Gujrat  are from Harappa period (1).
   The following grains were domesticated /introduced and cultivated in Saurashtra pensile (1) –
Panicum sumatrense
Vigna species
Macrotyloma
Pearl millet
Sorghum
Lablab purpureus
Plant Domestication, Introduction-cultivation and Plant Knowledge in Neolithic Age in Baluchistan India (Today part of Pakistan)
Fuller states (1) that Mehrgarh site of Neolithic age is an important site for knowing domestication of plants in India. Scientists found evidence of early  agriculture based on nonindigenous crops as glume wheat, bread wheat, barely varieties and other livestock(1)
  By thorough research studies, Moulherat et all inform that cotton was domesticated first in Mehrgarh (Baluchistan , Pakistan) (4).
 
-
References
1-Fuller Dorian Q, 2011, Finding Plant Domestication in Indian Subcontinent, Current Anthropology, Vol. 52 No. S4), The Origin of Agriculture New data New idea (October 2011)Pp347-367
2- Fuller Dorian Q, 2011, Finding Plant Domestication in Indian Subcontinent, Current Anthropology, Vol. 52 No. S4), The Origin of Agriculture New data New idea (October 2011) pp348
3-Pokharia Anil,Pal J.N., Shrivastava Alka, 2009, Plant macro remains from Neolithic Jhusi in Gnaga plain: Evidence for grain based agriculture, Current Science 97(4): 564-572, August 2009
4- Moulherat C., Tenberg M., et all, 2002, Five Evidence of Cotton at Mehrgarh ,Pakistan: Analysis of mineralised fiber from a copper bead , Journal of Archaeological Science VOl.29 Issue 12 December 2002 pages 1393-1401
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com , Mumbai India, June 2019
HISTORY of BOTANY in Indian Subcontinent will be continued in next chapter
Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Andhra Pradesh India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Arunachal Pradesh, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Assam, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Bihar, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Chhattisgarh ,  India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Goa, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Gujarat, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Haryana , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of  Himachal Pradesh , India, Asia; ; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Jammu Kashmir , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Jharkhand ,India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Karnataka, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Kerala, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Madhya Pradesh India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Maharashtra , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Manipur, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Meghalaya, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Mizoram , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Nagaland, India, Asia; ; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Odisha, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Punjab, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Rajasthan , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Sikkim, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Tamil Nadu, India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Telangana , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Tripura , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Uttarakhand (U.K.) , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of  Uttar Pradesh , India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of West Bengal ,India, Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of  , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of  , Myanmar , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of  , Bangladesh , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of Pakistan  , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of  Baluchistan , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of  Nepal , Indian subcontinent , Asia; Plant Domestication Knowledge in Neolithic Age in India ,History of Botany of  Afghanistan, Indian subcontinent , Asia;