Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

Bhishma Kukreti · April 05, 2013, 05:12:47 PM

Human societies in Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age

History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part 3
Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on Human societies in Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Rudra Prayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Haridwar/Hardwar Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Champavat Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Pithauragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age]
General Characteristics of Neolithic Age
Time- 10200 to 2000 BC
Sites found: Many sites of Neolithic age are found in Gobekli (Turkey), Levant (Palestine etc), Alepo, Baluchistan, Pakistan, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Gujarat, and Kumaun etc of India Ganj Daren of Iran, Padan Lin of Burma, China and many parts of Africa, Europe.
The Neolithic age represents pre-beginning of farming, domestication of animals as dog and sheep. Many scholars state that the domestication of animals started from mountains of Abecinia, Yamane, Anatolia, Afghanistan, and Himalayan belt of Kashmir to Nepal. Though all the characteristics of Neolitic Age were not found where the human settlements were in this era.
The tools as bracelets, axes, axe heads, polishing tools, and chisels of Neolithic Age are evidences that the human societies progressed from Mesolithic Age.
Fig is supposed to be first cultivation by human beings of Neolithic Age that opens the agriculture revolution. In later stage the there are evidences of cultivation of bananas, pears, grapes, pomegranate from Kashmir to Nepal.
Huts constructions by rectangular mud bricks/grass are also characteristics of Neolithic Age. Many researchers state that well building was also found in some cases.
Cross fertilization among various societies was also there in this age. The most humans were hunters and roamers.
Potteries were also common in this age.
Burials and Phallic and Fertility cults were also found in this age
Human societies in Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age
Haridwar and Bhabhar
Gnagadwar (Haridwar) and Bhabhar: Dr Dabral states that there were societies in areas of Haridwar and Bhabhar regions.
Pandukuli, Almora
Dr Dabral provides the example of A Circle built by Rock Stones Pandukula shrine of human societies in Uttarakhand. The rock stone circle is of eight feet of diameter. There is worship place too into circle.
There are carving of Phallic (ling) , sun and moon on the rock stone in Chandeshwar , Uttarakhand , India. These rock stones are of five to six feet. Dr Dabral reveals that there are evidences of burial system and these are symbols of the human of Neolithic Age started believing on life after death.
Janak Lal Sharma (1969) provides evidences tools of Neolithic Age found in Nepal that provides enough evidences for human societies in Mid Himalayas (Uttarakhand and Nepal). K.P. Nautiyal, Pradeep Saklani and Vinod Nautiyal (History of Agriculture in India, edited by Vinod Chandra Shrivastava, 1982) state that the sites of Ranihat and Purola (Garhwal) are of prehistoric age.
References:
Dr Shivprasad Dabral, 1968 Uttarakhand ka Itihas-2, Veergatha Dogadda, India
Peter Bellwood, 2004, First Farmers
Greame Barker, 2009, The Agriculture in Prehistory
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part 4
Notes on Human societies in Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Rudra Prayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Haridwar/Hardwar Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Champavat Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age; Human societies in Pithauragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Neolithic Age to be continued....

Bhishma Kukreti · April 05, 2013, 08:38:17 PM

Manoj Chandola: Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Kumaoni-Garhwali culture
Life Sketches of Kumaon-Garhwali (Uttarakhandi) Film Activists- 21

Review of Development of Garhwali-Kumauni (Uttarakhandi) Films, Music Albums, Documentary films -33
Bhishma Kukreti
[Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Kumaoni-Garhwali culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Hills of Uttarakhand culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Nainital culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Ranikhet culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Almora culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Bageshwar culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Champawat culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Pithauragarh culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Chamoli Garhwal culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Rudraprayag culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Pauri Garhwal culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Tihri Garhwal culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Uttarkashi culture]

Manoj Chandola hails from Pokhari village, Kanda Patti of Bageshwar , Kumaon. Manoj Chandola was born in 1964. From his student life, Chandola was attached to theatre.
Manoj is attached to a Hindi film 'Rajula' (produced by Priyanka Chandola and Rama Upreti and penned and directed by Nitin Tiwari). Manoj wrote lyrics for the film. The music is composed by Sudhir and Milind for Rajula.
Film Rajula attempts for understanding the power of 'Woman in Love'. Ravi a journalist is in search of unique love story for his documentary film and encounters with famous Kaintura folklore Rajula Malu Shahi. The film goes with folk story of Rajula Malu Shahi and modern day life together. The feature film is very challenging from screenplay point of view. The film reveals many complicated human relationship and the realities.
The film is filmed in Uttarakhand and shows beauty and harmony of Hills of Uttarakhand. There are 25 dialogues in Kumauni and Garhwali in the film.
When this author talked with Manoj Chandola he revealed that the Rajula team is using Hindi language as platform to show the culture and past of Garhwal-Kumaon (Uttarakhand).
Rajula got first prize for Best Audience preference Award in International Film festival 2012.

(Based on Telephonic Talk had with Manoj Chandola 9811189814)

Reference: Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, उत्तराखंडी फिल्मों का संक्षिप्त इतिहास
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/4/2013
Life Sketches of Kumaon-Garhwali (Uttarakhandi) Film Activists to be continued... 22

Review of Garhwali and Kumauni Films, music albums, documentary films (Uttarakhandi) to be continued...34
Notes on Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Kumaoni-Garhwali culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Hills of Uttarakhand culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Nainital culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Ranikhet culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Almora culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Bageshwar culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Champawat culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Pithauragarh culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Chamoli Garhwal culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Rudraprayag culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Pauri Garhwal culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Tihri Garhwal culture; Using Hindi Film for Platform Spreading Uttarkashi culture to be continued...

Bhishma Kukreti · April 06, 2013, 10:52:57 AM

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ
सौज सौज मा गंभीर छ्वीं
नाइट वाचमैन जब यमराज ह्वे जांद

चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )
घरवळि बुलण मिस्याइ,"तुमर दगड़ रैक क्या पाइ? तुम से बढ़िया तो वी ठीक छौ पण बुबा जीन बोलि बल वो गाळिदिवा छौ।"
मीन पूछ ," अरे आज किलै वु गाळिदिवा किलै याद आइ।"
घरवळिन रहस्य ख्वाल," अजकाल गाळि दीणो जुग ऐ गे तो तुम से तो अपण बच्चों तै गाळि नि दियान्दि तो तुम कै हैंक तैं क्या गाळि देल्या!"
मीन पूछ," ह्यां गाळि देकि क्या ह्वे जांदो?"
घरवळिन ब्वाल," अब मनोरी ज्योर ग्राम प्रधान होंदा . तुम ग्राम प्रधान बणदा बणदा रै जांदा अर फिर तुम रोज मनोरी ज्योर पर भगार कम लगांदा अर बीच संजैत चौकम गाऴयूं बमगोळा चुलाणा रौंदा।"
मीन ब्वाल," कुजाण क्या बुलणी छे धौं!"
वींन धुन मा ब्वाल," तुम मनोरी ज्योरू बौ सूनी तैं सुणान्दा बल वा सूनी त सलाणी (दक्षिण पौड़ी गढ़वाल का )नी च वा त रमोल्ट्या (उत्तरकाशी का ) च अर इन मा मनोरी ज्योरू ख़ास चमचा चिरड़े जांदा।"
मीन ,टोक "पण .."
घरवळि बुल्दि गे," वो मनोरी ज्योरू का चमचा तुमकुण मौत का सौदागर करिक भटयाँदा अर तुम इथगा गुस्सा होंदा कि .."
मीन पूछ," अरे पण मेखुण क्वी मौत का सौदागर किलै बुल्दा?"
वींन ब्वाल," किलै कि तुमन कथगा इ चिनख अर कुखुड़ मारि छा।"
मीन बोलि," पण .."
घरवळि बुलण शुरू कार," मौत का सौदागर से तुम तै गुस्सा ऐ जांदा अर तुम मनोरी ज्योरू कुण कमीना , कुत्ता बुल्दां।"
मीन बोल," कुत्ता , कमीना ?"
घरवळिन अगनै ब्वाल," फिर जब मनोरी ज्योरू जीब अयीं होन्दि तो तुम मनोरी ज्योरू खुण मौनी बाबा , गूंगा , सिल्युं जिबड़ वाळ कुत्ता बुल्दा।"
मीन ब्वाल।" सिल्युं जिबडौ कुत्ता?"
वीनं ब्वाल," हाँ कुत्ता , स्याळ आदि।"
मीन पूछ," तो मनोरी बादा तै गुस्सा नि आलो?"
घरवळिन ब्वाल, "वूं तैं त ना पण चमचों पर आग लगी जान्दि अर वो तुम तै खुले आम बदसूरत, बदखोर, बदतमीज बुलण बिसे जांदा।"
मीन पूछ," फिर ?"
वीनं ब्वाल, फिर तुम मनोरी ज्योरू तैं सूनी बौ का नाइट वाचमैन, की उपाधि दे दींदा।"
मीन ब्वाल,' ये मेरी ब्वै?"
घरवळिन ब्वाल," फिर मनोरी ज्योरू पंच तुम तै सुंगर , स्याळ, कमीना, यमराज की उपाधि दींदा।"
मीन ब्वाल," इन मा तो ...?"
वीनं ब्वाल," इन मा तुम मनोरी ज्योरू तैं जनखा , छक्का , करिक भट्यान्दा। फिर पंचायतम , पंद्यरम , पुंगड़म, चौबटम, बीच रस्ताम, चौकम, भीड़म (दीवाल) गां मा सबि जगा गाळी -गलौज चलणी रौन्दि "
मीन ब्वाल," अरे जब द्वी बड़ा लोग आपस मा खुले आम अपशब्द, अशिष्ट का उपयोग कारल तो समाज मा गंदगी फैलली कि ना?"
घरवळिन ब्वाल," हाँ बड़ा लोग जन व्यवहार करदन तो समाज बि ऊनि व्यवहार करण बिसे जांद।"
मीन पूछ," पण या गाळि बात तू आज किलै करणी छे?"
वीनं रहस्य ख्वाल," अरे अचकाल जु कौंग्रेस अर भाजपा मा अपशब्दों प्रतियोगिता चलणी च तो वां से अवश्य लगद कि अब समाज मा अपशब्दों बाढ़ आण वाळ च।"

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 6/4/2013

Bhishma Kukreti · April 06, 2013, 06:37:14 PM

Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age

History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -4

Bhishma Kukreti

[Notes on History of Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Rudra Prayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Tihri Garhwal Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Haridwar/Hardwar Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Nainital Kumaun, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Bageshwar Kumaun, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Pithauragarh Kumaun, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age]
General Characteristics of Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age

It is not better practice to divide ages by exact date. However, the Stone Age was succeeded by copper age, Bronze Age and iron age (Metal age). Metal age started by 6 to 7 thousands year back.
Copper Age
Around 2000 years of Metal Age man lived in Copper Age. At the copper Age men used stone and copper tools. This is the reason that age is also named as Chalcolithic Age too.
Man developed wheel, boat, potter wheel, bullock carts in the Copper Age.
The Chalcolithic age also brought the birth of specialist and special class (Varn).
Bronze Age
Time Span: 4000-2000 B.C.
At the end of copper age, men knew to mixing of tin and copper metals for making Bronze.
Human societies started building canals or water reservoirs in the Bronze Age.
Irrigation, complex societies, urban centers, army, laws, trade, payment, records of trade came in existence in Bronze Age.
Iron Age
Time Span: 1500-1200BC
The man invented steel and plastic in Iron Age.
Major Civilization of Metal Age
Tigris Euphrates River Valleys, Nile River Valley and Indus Valley civilizations are major civilizations of Metal Era. Other civilizations as Majiyao, Amoirte kingdom, emergence of Zoroastrians civilization, are well studied civilizations. The burial and cremation were improved. Religious rituals came in existence. Writing came in existence. The well planned arm battles also started in this age. Spurting of Chinese and Vedic literature are again the spectacular images of metal Age.
Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age
The studies and writings of Dabral, Vinod Nautiyal, K.P Nautiyal, Mathpal, Jeewan Kharkwal, Saklani, and Joshi suggest that the societies were flourishing in Garhwal-Kumaun (Uttarakhand, Himalayas India). There were mines of iron, copper in Garhwal and Kumaun. Today, the signs of metal mines in Dhanpur, Dobri, Pokhari (Garhwal) and Gangoli, Seera, Athgaon (Kumaon) speak that metallurgies was common in Garhwal and Kumaon (Uttarakhand ). The Parshu, knives, spears, harpoon, rings were found in Bahdarabad ruins that proof the civilizations in Garhwal and Kumaun in Metal Age. Near Bahdarabad ruins, historians found mud pots. Art making and improving human life was the main characteristics of this age.
Mahabharata states that the iron smith or metal smiths of Uttarakhand used to smelt ores and used to export metal appliances/tool to plains of Jamboodweep(India). Rahul Sankrityayan reports that the Iron Pillar of Delhi (1500 years back)was made by craftsmen of Uttarakhand and by iron smelted in Uttarakhand. It seems the craftsmen of Uttarakhand used to supply iron appliances to Kaurvas-Pandavas.
References:
Dr Shivprasad Dabral, 1968 Uttarakhand ka Itihas-2, Veergatha Dogadda, India
Trigger, Bruce C, 1996, A History of Archeological Thoughts,
Pandey,Gaya, 2010, Biocultural Evolution (page 114)
Agarwal, D.P. , J.S .Kharakwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological , linguistic and Cultural Synthesis (pages9 and 152)
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of Himalayas (page 135)
Mahesh Prasad Joshi, 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaun and Garhwal) Himalayas: an essay in historical anthropology (page 15)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part 4
Commentary on History of Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Rudra Prayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Tihri Garhwal Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Haridwar/Hardwar Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Nainital Kumaun, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Bageshwar Kumaun, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age; History of Pithauragarh Kumaun, Uttarakhand in Metal (Copper, Bronze and Iron) Age to be continued...

Bhishma Kukreti · April 07, 2013, 07:04:10 AM

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ
सौज सौज मा गंभीर छ्वीं
चलो ! प्रधान मंत्री पदौ दौड़ मा शामिल हूंला

चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )

घरवळिन हुकुम दींद बोलि," तुम लोक सभा चुनौ लड़ो अर प्रधान पंत्री पदौ दौड़ मा शामिल ह्वे जावो।"
मीन बोलि," क्या ? कन कन घ्वाड़ा खेत रै गेन त ते डूंडी क्या बिसात?"
घरवळिन ब्वाल," नै नै ! तुम तैं दौड़म शामिल हुणि पोड़ल। द्याख नी कथगा छन दौड़ मा। इन लगणु च भाजापा या कौंग्रेस तै बहुमत नि मिलण तो क्वी तिसरि पार्टी को ही प्रधान मंत्री बौणल। "
मीन ब्वाल," क्या नवीन पटनायक अफु छोड़िक मे तैं समर्थन द्यालो?"
"हां उन त नवीन पटनायक ठंडो दिमागौ च , होशियार च कि अबि तलक भ्रष्टाचार का तगमा धारी नि ह्वाइ तो वो प्रधान मंत्री लैक च पण जै तैं उड़िया नि आवो वै तैं हिंदी क्या आलि अर हिंदी बुलण नि आलि तो समजि ल्यावो उ प्रधान मंत्री नि ह्वे सकुद। वैन तुम तै समर्थन दे दीण "घरवळिक बोल छा।
मीन ब्वाल," चलो माना कि नवीन पटनायक मै तै समर्थन दे भि द्याव तो ममता बनर्जी बैणि? क्या वा लैक नि च "
घरवळिन समजाइ ," उन तो ममता बनर्जी प्रधान मंत्री लैक च, वींक बंगाल मा चलदी बि च। पुराणा खयालात की च कि गरीबों तै कुछ द्यावो पण इन नि बथावो कि पैसा धेला आल कखन? पण वींको मिजाज कैको समज मा नि आंदो ! तो कौंग्रेस , भाजापा या समाजवादी पार्टी वळुन वीं तै समर्थन तो नि दीण उल्टां वींको घोर विरोध करण । वीन तुम तै समर्थन दे ही दीण।"
मीन अपण विचार बथैन," ओहो ममता बैणि अर नवीन भुला समर्थन दे बि द्याला तो अपण लालू प्रसाद यादव! लालू की टक तो प्रधान मंत्री कुर्सी पर कथगा दशवीं से च।"
घरवळिन निर्णय सुणाइ," लालू प्रसाद प्रधान मंत्री पद का लैक त छन अर पद का बान कुछ बि कौरि सकदन, कुछ बि तिकड़म भिडै सकदन पण चारा घोटाला को धब्बा अर मुलायम सिंह यादवन ऊं तैं प्रधान मंत्री पद का जिना दिखण बि नि दीण।"
मीन संशय से ब्वाल," तो नितीश कुमार क्या दौड़ मा शामिल नि होला?"
घरवळिन म्यार संशय मिटै," देखो जु नीतेश कुमार तैं प्रधान मंत्री बणनो बान भाजापा क समर्थन की जरूरत ह्वावो तो नरेंद्र मोदी जन भाजापाइ नीतेश कुमार तैं प्रधान मंत्री बणान से त राइ। जख तलक कौंग्रेस को समर्थन को सवाल च तो मुलायम सिंह यादव , पाशवान अर लालू प्रसाद अफिक द्याखाल कि नीतेश कुमार प्रधान मंत्री कुर्सी से दूर ही रावन।"
मीन अपण मंतव्य समिण कार," तो जया ललिता भुलि बि त प्रधान मंत्री पद का वास्ता दावा ठोक सकदी।"
घरवळिन पत्रकारों तरां गणत कार अर ब्वाल," ठीक च माना कि जया ललिता भुलि पर भ्रष्टाचार का कुछ केसेज छन पण जया ललिता प्रधान मंत्री लैक छें च। पण ना तो भाजापा ना ही कौंग्रेस जया ललिता पर भरवस करदी तो इन मा जया ललिता इ ना डीमके का कै नेता क प्रधान मंत्री बणनों क्वी चांस नी छन।"
मीन कुछ याद करिक ब्वाल," अर वो अपणा चंद्रा बाबू नायडू बि त प्राइम मिनिस्टरौ रेस मा छन।"
घरवळिन ब्वाल," चन्द्रा बाबू नायडू बि प्रधान मंत्री लैक छन पण चूँकि ना ही भाजापा अर ना ही कौंग्रेस चालि कि नायडू पीऐम की कुर्सी मा बैठु तो मैं नि लगद चन्द्रा बाबू नायडू से डरणै जरूरत च।"
मीन तर्क दे," अर शरद पवार पैथर थ्वडा राला?"
घरवळिन अपण तर्क दे," असल मा शरद पंवार पर क्वी बि राजनीतिग्य भरवस नि करदो तो समजि ल्यावो कि शरद पंवार प्रधान मंत्री कुर्सी दौड़ मा छें इ नि छन।"
मीन ब्वाल," त्वै तैं पूरो भरवस च कि अबै दें क्वी अनजान चेहरा ही प्रधान मंत्री बौणल?"
घरवळिन विश्ववास पूर्वक ब्वाल," हाँ अबै दें कै डार्क हौर्सन ही प्रधान मंत्री बणन।"
मीन पूछ," तो त्यार हिसाब से कख बिटेन लोक सभा को चुनाव लड़न चयेंद?"
वींको बुलण छौ," जितण तो तुमन छ नी च तो कखि बिटेन नी च। लोक सभा चुनाव लड़णो मतबल डार्क हौर्स की प्रतियोगिता मा शामिल होण। ह्वे सकुद च क्वी आधुनिक हुमायूं तुम पर मेहरबान ह्वे जावो अर तुम तै एक दिनौ कुणि प्रधान मंत्री बणै द्यावो।"

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 7/4/2013

Bhishma Kukreti · April 07, 2013, 06:42:10 PM

Ancient Communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas
History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -5
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-1

Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on Ancient Communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Udham singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Almora Kumaon,(Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Champavat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Pithauragarh ,Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Tihri, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Chamoli, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Rudraprayag, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Uttarkashi, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Haridwar/Hardwar , Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas]

The Himalayas has its own peculiarity that there are landslides every year. Hence, there are less archeological evidences in Himalayas about ancient communities of Uttarakhand. However, the old Sanskrit classics as Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans provide many details of geography and history of Uttarakhand in ancient time. There are descriptions of communities as Rakshas, Asur, Sur, Nar, yaksha, Kinnar etc in the above cited Sanskrit classics.
Dr Dabral supports the division of inhabitants of Uttarakhand by B.S. Guha on the basis of genes and Saklani, et al, supports the suggestion by B.S. Guha . The discussion states that the following communities came to uttrakhand from prehistoric time to end of metal age.
1-Negrito (Nishad-
2-Proto Australoid (Kol Mund, Shabar)
3-Palaeo Mongloid (keer, kirat, Tharu)
4-Tibeto Mongloid (Bhotiya, Tibtee )
5-Paleo-Mediterranean (Adim Rom Sgariya)
6-Mediterrian (rom sagariya)
7-Oreintal type (Prachy)
8-Armanoid (Darda etc)
9-Alpanoid (Khas, Kush, Kashi etc)
10-Dinaric (Shak etc)
11-Nordic (Vedic Arya)
1-Negrito (Nishad)
Negrito (Nishad); though there origin goes to Africa but there main inhabitant centers have been South East Asia. Dr Dabral , Saklani; Naval, Ansar and Viyogi; Trivedi state that initially Negrito communities entered to Uttarakhand and Dabral points out that there are still some characteristics found in some communities of Garhwal and Kumauni that proves that Negrito (Nishad) community was there once in Uttarakhand in metal age or earlier. It seems when Kol-Mund community became powerful in Uttarakhand this community became part of new communities Kol-Mund.
2-Paleo-Mediterranean (Adim Rom Sgariya )and -Mediterrian (rom sagariya)
These inhabitants also entered into Uttarakhand and they became part of kol, Mund communities.

References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -6
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued...2
Notes on Ancient Communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Udham singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Almora Kumaon,(Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Champavat Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Pithauragarh ,Kumaon, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Tihri, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Chamoli, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Rudraprayag, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Uttarkashi, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Dehradun, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient Communities of Haridwar/Hardwar , Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas to be continued...

Bhishma Kukreti · April 08, 2013, 08:42:04 AM

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ
सौज सौज मा गंभीर छ्वीं
मंहगाई कम करणौ कुछ ब्यूंत -तरकीब

चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )

मंहगाई आज क्या प्रजातंत्र माँ सरकार बदली दींदि। याद च एक दें बढ्या प्याज का दामोंन कथगा इ राज्यों मा भाजापाई सरकार ही बदल दे अर उन राज्यों मा कौंग्रेस की सरकार बणिन। अचकाल बि मनमोहन सिंघै सरकार की सबसे बिंडी काट इलै होन्दि बल या सरकार मंहगाई पर नकेल नि लगै सकणि च। ब्याळि परसि रिजर्व बैंक ऑफ इंडिया को गवर्नर डी सुब्बा राव को बयान आइ बल ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों मा लोगुं आय बढ़ी गे अर लोग स्वास्थ्यवर्धक खाणक जन की प्रोटीनयुक्त, चर्बी युक्त , खाण गीजि गेन तो मंहगाई बढ़णि च।
डी सुबारव को हिसाबं मंहगाई घटाणौ तरकीव तरीका इन छन -
सबसे पैल त भारत मा ग्रामीण क्या शहरों मा बि गरीबों आय कम करे जावो किलैकि यी असुण्या गरीबुं जनि इनकम बढ़दि इ लोग मंहगाई बढाई दिन्दन अर यां से विजय मलया सरीखा सेठों तै बड़ी परेशानी होंद अर ओ अपण अहम तुष्टि संतुष्टि बान अनाप सनाप खेलों मा पैसा लगाण से वंचित रै जान्दन।
अब जब डी सुब्बा राव सरीखा अर्थशास्त्री बुलणा छन बल ग्रामीण आय बढ़ण से अर गरीबुं इनकम बढ़ण से मंहगाई बढ़णि च तो सबसे उचित काम यो ही च बल कि कै बि तरां से गरीबों अर ग्रीमीण आय पर रोक लागाये जावो। भारत सरकार अर राज्य सरकारों मा एक अलग मंत्रालय खोले जावो जैक नाम हूण चयेंद गरीबुं कमै रोको मंत्रालय। गरीबुं कमै रोको मंत्रालय सीधा प्रधान मंत्री अर मुख्य मंत्री का तौऴ हूण जरूरी च जां से एक बी गरीब की कमै नि बढ़। गरीबुं कमै रोको मंत्रालय तैं ग्राम स्तर पर युद्ध स्तर पर गरीबुं कमै कम करणों बान काम करण चयेंद। गरीबुं कमै रोको मंत्रालय तैं गरीबों इनकम कम करणों बान संबैधानिक ताकत अर संरक्षण मिलण जरोरी च। जै बि गां मा एक बि गरीब की इनकम बढ़ो तो उखक ग्राम प्रधान पर क्वी बि चुनाव लड़णो आजीवन पाबंदी लगण जरूरी होण चयेंद। जै बि जिला मा एक बि गरीब या ग्रामीण की कमै बढ़ो तो जिलाधिकारी, मंडल अधिकारी की नौकरी तुरंत खतम करे जाण चयेंद। ब्लॉक ,तहसील अर जिला स्तर पर अधिकार्युं तैं गरीबुं इनकम कम करणों प्रेरणा अर प्रोत्साहनो वास्ता भौं भौं किस्मौ पुरुष्कार दिये जाण चयेंद।
मैं नि लगुद रिजर्व बैंक गवनर से बडो क्वी सरकारी अधिकारी ह्वालो जो अर्थशास्त्र को इथगा बडो ज्ञानी ह्वालो। यांक मतबल च हम भारतीयों तैं मंहगाई रोकणो बान डी सुब्बाराव की बात पर विचार करण आवश्यक च, डी सुब्बाराव की बात मनण जरूरी च , डी सुब्बाराव की बात पर अमल करण अत्यावश्यक च। प्रसिद्ध अर्थशास्त्री सुब्बाराव को बुलंण च बल आम लोग अब आलु पालु (अनाज ) खाण छोड़िक अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,साक भाजी, फल वगैरा खाण लगी गेन तो यांसे बि मंहगाई बढ़णि च। बात तो सुब्बा राव की सै च बल जब कि सेहतमन्द खाणक जन कि अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,साक भाजी, फल वगैरा खाणों अधिकार केवल अमीरों को छौ तो जब आम आदिम स्वास्थ्यवर्धक, आयु वर्धक खाणों खाल तो अमीर लोगुं वास्ता फोकट मा मंहगाई तो बढ़लि ही। तो इख पर महान अर्थ शास्त्री सुब्बा राव की बातों तैं हरेक नागरिक तैं खासकर गरीब नागरिक तैं ध्यान दीण पोड़ल कि सेहतमंद, स्वास्थ्यवर्धक खाणक/भोजन /डाईट खाण बंद करी द्यावन जां से कि अमीरों बान मंहगाई नि बढ़ो। मि तो बुल्दो कि सरकार तैं तुरंत एक अध्यादेस लाण चयेंद अर आम आदमियों तैं अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,दूध , साक भाजी, फल वगैरा खाणों अधिकार खतम करे जावो। संविधान मा बदलाव लाये जाव कि यदि क्वी बि आम आदिम अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,साक भाजी, दूध, फल वगैरा खाणक खाण पाये गे तो वै तै तुरंत गैरजमानती न्याय संहिता का तहत गिरफ्तार करे जावो अर तुरंत दस साल की बमुशकत जेल की सजा दिए जावो। दुकानदारों कुण नियम बणाये जावो कि वों आम आदमियों तैं अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट ,दूध, दाल ,साक भाजी, फल वगैरा बिचण बंद करी द्यावन अर जो बि दुकानदार आम आदमियों तैं अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,दूध ,साक भाजी, फल वगैरा ब्याचो वै तैं तुरंत पांच साल की कठिन जेल की सजा सुणाये जावो। हरेक दुकान का समणि बोर्ड लग्युं हूण चयेंद---- संवैधानिक चेतावनी -आम आदमियों को अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,साक भाजी, दूध, फल खाने की मनाही है। यदि आम आदमी स्वास्थ्यवर्धक भोजन, दूध या फल आदि अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,साक भाजी, फल वगैरासंग्रह करते या खाते पाया जाएगा तो दस साल की सजा होगी।
दगड़म सरकार तैं टेलीविजन अर अन्य माध्यमों से केंद्र अर राज्य सरकार को संगठित अर जोर का अभियान चलाण चयेंद जामा आम आदमियों से अपील करे जावो कि मंहगाई रोकणो बान कृपया स्वास्थवर्धक भोजन ना करें। आम आदमियों को स्वास्थ्यवर्धक खाणक खाण देशद्रोह माने जाण चयेंद। स्वास्थ्यवर्धक भोजन, दूध या फल आदि अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,साक भाजी, फल वगैरा स्वास्थ्यवर्धक भोजन, दूध या फल आदि अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,साक भाजी, फल वगैरा
मेरि समज से बि मंहगाई रोकणो बान पैल त गरीब अर ग्रामीणों आय पर तुरंत रोक लगण जरूरी च अर दगड़म आम अदिमियों पर दूध , दही, फल, दाल,अंडा , प्रोटीनयुक्त भोजन, मीट , दाल ,साक भाजी, फल वगैरा संग्रह अर खरीदी पर भी तुरंत रोक लगण चयेंद। अर जु बि आम आदमियों को समर्थन कारो वै तैं देशद्रोह का ऐवज मा जेल हूण चयेंद।
चूंकि सरकार अर नेता मंहगाई तो नि रोक सकदन तो मंहगाई रोकणों बान आम आदमियों तैं ही त्याग करिक देश बचाण जरूरी च।

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 8 /4/2013

Bhishma Kukreti · April 08, 2013, 10:59:13 AM

नंदा जात जागर -फड़कि (भाग)-18

नंदा को मायके की याद आना

[गढ़वाल में पूस महीना मायके का महीना (मैतुड़ा मैना ) कहलाया जाता है जब लडकियाँ ससुरास से अपने मायके आती हैं , नंदा जब ब्याह कर कैलाश आई तो उसे कैलास का मौसम रास नहीं आया और में है।]

आजकालै की ऋतू यो दखिणी परब
भगवान को ह्वेगै दखिण को पैतु
माथलोक नग सी नाग्लोग ह्वैग्या
सागर की पंछ्यों सी भाबर ह्वैग्यी
डांडा को वो पालसी भबर ह्वै गैयी
सौरास की ब्वारी मैतुड़ा ह्वैग्यी
ह्युंवाळी नंदा तू सौरास ब्वारी
ह्युंवाळी नंदा सी भौं कारुणा रवैनि
सात पांच बैण्योमा मी ह्वोई कुलाड़ी
मैणी दीलि बुबान उच्चा कविलासे
याई कविलाश सु काका नि बासन
ह्युंवार्यों को डन्कार बीस की फुंकारे
ह्युंवो कु वा डस्याण ह्युंवो कु ढक्योणै
भांग घोटी घोटी मेरी हथगुळी बश्येग्ये
धूनु फूकी फूकी म्येरी बठुंणी फूलिगे
बेटी ब्वारी सब्बी सी मैत्वाड़ा ऐग्या
मैंयी रैयि गैयि सु सौरासै ब्वारि
क्वोउ मैती मीन्तै बल ऋतू जाणालो
ये पापी कैलास ता रितु नि जाणेदी
ऋतू नि जाणेनी ता वाखा नि सुण्येनी
ओ बचनु औन ता ह्वा गिरिजा ग्वाले
नंदा जात जागर का अंतिम भाग -फड़कि (भाग)-19
नंदा को का मायका की याद और कैलाश वर्णन

मूल संकलन: डा नन्द किशोर हटवाल
इंटरनेट प्रस्तुती: भीष्म कुकरेती
लुप लुप्या कुयाड़ो छ झुमा झुम्या पाणि
मामली दहयाण छ टांटरि ढक्याणे
ह्यूं को फुंकार च विष को डन्कारे
कनी कीं रौल मि उंचा हिमांचले
नीचा पाटो लैंचो मि दूद भात खैंचो
बड़ो ह्वेइं जाया म्येरि मैति रिस्युंगौं
माता की कुलाड़ी मी पिटा की कुलाडी
जन पापी रैहोला मी कैलाश बियावों
वार चान पान मी अन्धेघोर राज
औनो चानो जाने मी गिरी कबिलास

रिषाशौ में उत्सव आयोजन और मायके जाने हेतु नंदा -शिव संवाद

चार दिनों स्वामी मी मैतुड़ा जायनु
म्यार मैत ऋषाशौं कारिज उर्युं च
म्यार मैत ऋषाशौं ता बुलावा आयुं च
व स्वामी हंकार वै बोन लागे बातें
ब्याळो परिभात ह्वे कैसो मैत त्योरे
स्यूणी को च्वपण तू मैल्याण नि देणी
वा स्वामी मनाइ करणा छई
गवरी सरील वै भरी भरी ऐ गे
एक आंखी सौण छ यक आंखी भादौ
हांडी से उमाळ छ डिबलो से गाजे
आंसू ढोळणि त रंग कैसो ह्वे
चार दिनों स्वामी मी मैतुड़ा जायनु
मायके में नंदा के भीतर पैदा हुयी संवेदना
तू बि ह्वोलि माता तू मैता की धियाण
प्यौट भौरी खाली तू गात भौरी लाली
त्वैनी द्योला गौरा सू भौरि जल
धूध कु वा नायेणू धूध को च खाणों
त्वै नि द्योला यु नौणी को च्वपड़
त्वै नि द्याला माता ये घ्यू को ग्वनक
मैत सुवा घियाण क्या खानी क्या लानी
तुबि माता तू कंयारू ना ह्वोया
कबि धारों जानि बेयि कबि गैरू जानि
कबी पाताल्यों जानि क्बी गेरी गेरयों

नंदा जात यात्रा में पड़ाव पर नंदा जात का स्वागत गीत
दुबाला मैत्योंगी तू दुबाली धियाण
त्येउणि बिछायुं बेयि ये क्वोट कम्बल
त्यरो भाई लाटू च तेरु बुलालो ख्येद्वालो
त्येरो भाइ घन्याल बेयि दगडा आयुं
जाऊ म्येरी बेयि तू छांटो छांटो केयिं
पंचनाम द्यब्तों जातरू आया च
क्वोटी बार मांगो यो दिवा जगोलो
क्वोटी बार मांग यो जैकार ह्वैगे
क्वोटी बार मांग यो नंदा की छंतोली

Nanda Jat Jagar : A Great Concern Over Foeticides

नंदा ज़ात जागर : महिला -पुरुष अनुपात के प्रति सम्वेदनशीलता

Bhishma Kukreti

Many new generation young people take folk literature as useless culture and never cares for the real values hidden in those people sayings by means of proverbs, folk stories, folk songs and Jagar.

Today, all over India, anthropologists, women activists, social activists and government agencies are worried over foeticides in many places and the decrease in female child ratio against male children. In most of the cases, it is found that the fetus is destroyed after detecting the female embryo in pregnancy .this custom will bring many social and economical problems in India .

Our forefathers were very much aware about equal balance between male and female ratio and that is why our society created the following Jagar while worshiping Nanda Jat in her Jatra. This Jagar is performed when Nanda deity starts her journey to her in laws house from her Mayaka. The song of Jagar is very tender and women folk start weeping listening this heart breaking Jagar song .

The special characteristic of this Jagar song is that Nanda Devi curses her Mayka that they will not have female human beings and female calves because the male oppressed the females .. This Jagar song is to preach people not to oppress females and be aware about equal male –female child ratio.
नंदा ज़ात जागर
सटेडि पुंगडि मैत्यों की सुखा पोड़ी जैन
झंगरेडी पुंगड़यों मैत्यों की झड्या ह्व़े जैन
कोदाड़ी पुंगडों मैत्यों की चाली जामी जैन
गेंवाड़ी पुंगड़ी मैत्यों की फ्यूंळी फूली जैन
भैसों का खरीक मैत्यों का बागी इ बागी ह्वेन
गायों का गुठ्यार मैत्यों का बोड़ इ बोड़ ह्वेन
भायों की संतान मैत्यों की नौनि ना ह्वेन
सिसुर जाण की बेला कैकु ना ऐन

Reference : Abodh Bandh Bahuguna :Dhunyal

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti

Bhishma Kukreti · April 08, 2013, 06:03:13 PM

Ancient Communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas -2
History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -6
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-2

Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on Ancient History of Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Nainital Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Bageshwar Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Champawat Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pithauragarh , Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Almora, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Haridwar/Hardwar, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pauri Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Chamoli Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Rudraprayag Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas]
Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand
Proto-Australoids are a hypothetical group of ancient hunting people originated in Sahara Africa. Around 65000 years back the migration started from Sahara, Africa. It is believed that Proto-Australoids developed the last Metal Age in ancient Uttarakhand.
There are mentions of कोल, मुंड और शबर in Mahbharata (Bhishm Parv 56/9). The historians cant guess the exact timing of entry of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) in Uttarakhand. However, it is sure that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) in Uttarakhand before Aryans, Dravidians and Kirats came to Uttarakhand. It is believed that when Kirat entered into Uttarakhand the Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) of ancient Uttarakhand became the slaves of Kirats and became part of Kirat culture. Some Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) communities of ancient Uttarakhand migrated towards north and a quite a few signs of languages, rituals and socials rules of present Kiratiyans of Bhotantik regions of Garhwal-Kumaun are proof that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) in Garhwal -Kumaun . Byangsi, Chaudangsi , Dar,iya, Rangkash languages of Bhotiya regions (Tibet border) of Uttarakhand are the proof that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) before Kirat ,Aryans came to Uttarakhand as the words of Kol -Mundlanguages found Byangsi, Chaudangsi , Dar,iya, Rangkash languages.
The Kolish Affix and Suffix in Garhwali and Kumauni languages
There are words in Garhwali and Kumauni languages where there are Kolish suffix and affix as 'Gad=with water, Kol as
Name of Rivulets in Garhwal-Kumaun: Gulargad, Gweelgaad, Silgad, Mandulgad
The da, ta, gads are suffix of Kol languages and Alknanda, Jalaknanda, Sharda Rivers are examples of influences of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) culture.
The village names Amgadi, Dugadda, Bad, Badoli, Badyun; Barmoli, Birkaganv, Bilkhet, Birta are another examples the proof of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) living in Uttarakhand in ancient time.
The Ta'Thya, Tya suffix on words are the symbol of Kol languages. There are words with suffix tya, ta, tha, thya etc as Fulta, Solta, Kolta, folti etc in Kumauni and Garhwali languages that suggest the existence of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) culture in ancient time in Uttarakhand.
The words as ळ , ऴ , ळा , ळि , ळी , ळु , ऌ, ळे , ळै abundantly in Garhwali and in some parts of Kumauni also direct the historians that there were Kol and Dravidyans in Garhwal and Kumaun.
The words Dom or Dom prefix/suffix in many names in Garhwal and Kumaun also indicate the existence of Kol-Mund in the regions.
Contribution of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand
The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities invented agriculture and invented agricultural appliances as Kudal, Kooti. Contour types of fields are invented by Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand. Fruit plantation is also started by Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand
Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities also domesticated many wild animals and birds. The communities also experimented wild plants for use of food or medicines.
The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities started astronomy Nakstr Vigyan researches and provide many words on astronomy and astrology as raka, Kahu etc.
Social Culture of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities
The social structure of Kol-Mund was primitive and used to believe in love before marriage or divorcing. The present culture of making Rambang, Hambaghar in Bhotiya regions of Uttarakhand are signs of social culture of Kol Mund culture.
Burial was common in The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities.
The deities were given signs of donkey, Bull, eagle, heroin, dog, buffalo, peacock, elephant, lion etc and still these deities are worshipped by Hindus.
To please deities and god the Kol-Mund used to sacrifice lives of animals.
Using rice, turmeric, sindur at the time of rituals started by Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities.
References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/4/2013
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -7
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued...3
Notes on Ancient History of Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Nainital Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Bageshwar Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Champawat Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pithauragarh , Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Almora, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Haridwar/Hardwar, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pauri Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Chamoli Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Rudraprayag Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas to be continued.....

Bhishma Kukreti · April 08, 2013, 08:31:13 PM

Latu Devta: Adopted Brother of Goddess Nanda Devi
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-1
Bhishma Kukreti
[Notes on Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Champavat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Pithauragarh Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Haridwar/Hardwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand]

Latu deity is one of the important deities worshipped in northern Garhwal. Nanda Devi is one of the most worshipped goddesses in Kumaon and Garhwal.
There is folk story about Latu deity.
Once, in Kailash, Bhagwati Nanda was feeling sadness. She was very unrest mentally and was sitting still for hours. Lord Shiva asked the reasons for her sadness. Goddess Nanda told that she does not have any brother to remind her seasonal changes. Goddess Nanda requested Shiva her to find a brother. Lord gave permission.
Goddess Nanda reached to prime minister of Kannauj. The name of wife of prime minister was maina too as Nanda's mother's name was also Maina. Maina asked the reasons for Nanda's coming to Kannauj. Nanda told that she does not have brother to provide her seasonal gifts. Maina had two brilliant sons Batu and Latu. Nanda requested Maina to give her Latu as Nanda's adopted brother. After continuous persuasion from Nanda, Maina gave her son to Nanda.
Nanda reached Ban village by passing Bans Bhabhar, Ringal Bhabhar, Anvala Bhabhar, Ver Bhabhar and Burans Bhabhar. Nanda went to KailNadi for bathing. Latu was sitting on the road. Latu felt thirsty and he asked water from village women of ban village. The women, instead of offering water to Latu, gave some jand-mand (addictive) juice to Latu. Latu became unconscious. Nanda came to know the realities through her potent spiritual knowledge and cured Latu. Nanda told to Latu that there would be his temple in Ban village. Nanda also promised Latu that Nautiyals of Nauti village would be priest for that Latu temple. Nanda told to her brother Latu that when at every twelve years people would bring Nanda Jat procession, people will also worship Latu. She promised that none other than Nauitylas would be permitted to enter into Latu temple.
From that day, people worship Latu along with Nanda deity. People also offer goat as sacrifice to deity.
Nautiyals open the Latu temple of Ban village and they only shut the door of Latu temple.

Curtsey and references:
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen
Dr Urbi datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyan
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Ravain)
Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 8/4/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaun-Garhwal, Uttarakhand- to be continued...2
Notes on Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Champavat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Pithauragarh Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Haridwar/Hardwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued...