Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -149
                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र
                             
                     Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)
Nagphani an Aero Phonic Folk Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas 

       Nagfani musical instrument is used very rarely and used by Tantrik or Mantrik ritual performers. Nagphani is linked to Lord Shiva. Nagphani is of hooded shape as snake with round and open mouth around 10 t0 15 cm in diameter. The musical instrument Nagphani is made by cooper and is smaller in size than other wind musical instrument.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 3/5/2014

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music
XX
Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays;  Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia

[Bhishma Kukreti]

   History Review of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King with Delhi Rulers

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -87     
   
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -332 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                    From 1440-1548, Delhi's political situation was unstable. Timur attacks disestablished the north Indian region that the Delhi rulers could not make Delhi rule stable. Khijrakhan (1414) established Sayyad rule in Delhi. Bahalolalodi dynasty took over Delhi in 1441. Babar took over the Delhi rule on 20th April 1526. Babar died in 1530. Humayun could not consolidate his rule. Sher Shah Suri took over Delhi rule in 1540 by defeating Humayun. Humayun died in 1545 and his successors could rule for long.
       
                      Sheltering Hindus in Uttarakhand

          Muslim rulers before Akbar suppressed Hindus from social, cultural and religious ways. Hindus were fleeing from their place for secured life where they could be Hindus. Hindus started taking shelters in Garhwal and Kumaon. That is why most of the Garhwali castes settlement is in this era of disturbances by Muslims in Indian plains. Garhwal and Kumaon Kings also offered shelter to Muslims too.

                        Shelter to Khawas Khan by Kumaon King
  Khawas Khan from Marwat clan was one of the best generals of Sher Shah Suri. He was sympathetic to Adil Shah Suri and Khawaskhan was main supporter of Adilkhan the elder brother of Delhi ruler Islamshah. Adilkhan and Khawaskhan wanted their rule instead Islamshah. Khawaskahn helped Humayun.
Islamshah wanted to arrest Khawaskhan.
     Khawaskhan took shelter in Kumaon under King Manek Chand.

                    Path of Khawas Khan from Garhwal to Kumaon

When Khawskhan reached to Ambala from Sarhind he crossed through Shivalik hills. According to Muslim folklore writers, Khawas Khan entered Kumaon from Dabar Ghat or port. He lived in Alalhahi.
The Muslim folklores suggest that Khawas Khan travelled Garhwal region (south Garhwal that is Shivalik and Bhabhar). It seems that contemporary Garhwal King  had sympathy with Khawas Khan and offered path for Khawas Khan to travel through Garhwal.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/5/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -333 
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
         History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kings with Delhi Rulers; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kings with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Haridwar Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kingsl with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kings with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kings with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King Ajeypal with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King Ajeypal with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King Ajeypal with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Bhabhar Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King Ajeypal with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Pauri Garhwal; 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                                    बदलते सांसारिक स्वरूप में ट्रैवल एजेंसी की नई भूमिका
                                           Role of  Travel Agency in Changing World

                                                     ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार का सुचारु रूप से संपादन  - भाग -7
                                Business Management of Travel Agency  in context Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development Part -7



                         (Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series--60 ) 
                                                      उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 60   


आज ग्लोबलाइजेसन के कारण लोगों  पर्यटन वृद्धि , ग्राहकों के सामने असंख्य विकल्पों के खुलने , तकनीक विकास व  ग्राहकों के पास सुलभ धन आने से ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार में भी आमूल -चूल परिवर्तन आ गए हैं।
निम्न परिवर्तन ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार  प्रभावित कर रहे हैं -
१-  सभी देशों में शिक्षा हेतु विद्यार्थियों का विदेशों में शिक्षा प्राप्ति करने से ट्रैवल एजेंसी केवल टिकेट बुकिंग  व्यापार तक सीमित नही रह गया है अपितु अब ट्रैवल एजेंसियों की भूमिका सलाहकार की भी बनती जा रही है एयर ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के लिए कई अन्य व्यापारिक विकल्प भी खुल गए हैं।
२-ग्लोबलिाजेसन से एक देस से दूसरे देस में नौकरी हेतु आवाजाही बढ़ा है और उसी तेजी से ट्रैवल एजेंसियों की नई भूमिका भी स्थापित हुयी है। 
३- अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर सभी देशों ने पर्यटन को मुख्य व्यापार बनाना शुरू किया है अतः ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के लिए नई भूमिकायें  भी रचित हुयी हैं।
४- भारत में राज्य ही नही जिला स्तर पर पर्यटन को विकसित करने की होड़ शुरू हो गई है और ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के लिए नए नए व्यापार स्रोत्र खुलने के साथ जटिलता भी बढ़ी हैं।  नए ज्ञान के लिए ट्रैवल एजेंसियों को सदा तत्पर रहने की आवश्यकता भी पड़ गई हैं।
५- अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर नए नए ट्रैवल डेस्टिनेसन्स रचे /बनाये जा रहे हैं और ट्रैवल एजेंसियों को नए वातवरण हेतु अपने को तैयार करना पड़ रहा है।
६-ट्रांस्पोर्टसन/परिवहन  में नए नए माध्यमों में वृद्धि ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार को हर समय प्रभावित कर रहे हैं।
७-पर्यटकों के रहने के लिए नए प्रकार के निवास (होटल ) आदि भी ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार को प्रभावित कर रहे हैं।
८- पर्यटकों के खान -पान के नए ढंग  पुराने प्रचलित ढंग भी ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार को प्रभावित कर रहे हैं।
९-धार्मिक पर्यटन अब नई दिशाओं की ओर अग्रसर हो रहा जो ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के कार्य में जटिलता ला रहा है।
१०- पर्यटकों का ज्ञान  माध्यमों में सुलभता , वृद्धि व ज्ञान अब बढ़ा है जिससे ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के कार्य शैली में भी परिवर्तन आ रहा है।
११- संचार -प्रसार की नई नई तकनीक आने से (जैसे इंटरनेट व मोबाइल फोन ) व ट्रैवल में नई तकनीक आने से ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के लिए अब प्रतियोगिता नए स्वरूप में आ रही है जिसके लिए ट्रैवल एजेंसियों की भूमिका भी बदल रही है।
१२- उपरोक्त कारणों व अन्य कारणों से ग्राहकों की रूचि में नित नए बदलाव आ रहे है अतः ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार में सजगता का स्थान कहीं अधिक हो गया है
१४- लाभ प्राप्ति के तरीकों में भी बदलाव आ रहे है जो ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार को प्रभावित कर रहा है
१५- पेमेंट प्राप्ति के कई माध्यम बदल रहे हैं
१६-डॉलर भाव आदि में रोज बदलाव आने से भी ट्रैवल एजेंसी प्रभावित होती हैं
अब परिवर्तन अधिक तेजी से हो रहा है अतः ट्रैवल एजेंसियों को भी उसी तेजी से अपनी भूमिका भी बदलने की आवश्यकता है।

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  4/5/2014


Contact ID bckukreti@gmail.com

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series to be continued ...


उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन श्रृंखला जारी ...

                                    References

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006  -2007  , उत्तरांचल में  पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना , शैलवाणी (150  अंकों में ) , कोटद्वार , गढ़वाल
xx

Role of Travel Agency in Changing World; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Bhabhar Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Nainital Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Almora Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Champawat Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Bageshwar Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Pithoragarh Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Rawain, Garhwal 

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional Stories, Community Narratives -90

  Compiled and Edited by: Bhishma Kukreti (Management Training Expert)
                                         (Reference: Dr Jagdish Naudiyal)
        There was a man. One day, he was visiting his relative's village. The village was far away from his village. While he was walking towards relative's village it was night. He found that there was a house above the road. He entered into house. He came to know that an old man was ill lying on the bed.
           The old man said that he was ill and was unable to cook food. The old man suggested visitor to cook food. The man (visitor) started cooking food. There was no salt in the room. The visitor asked the old man about salt. The old man stretched his hand and took his hand into another room and got salt. The visitor saw long hand of old man. The visitor came to know that old man is ghost.
             The man ran away from the house. The ghost also ran after the man. The man ran fast but ghost also ran fast. The man hid into a house. Another day, people found that man was dead and gras was stuck on his foot. 

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 4/5/2014 for review and interpretation

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional stories, Community Narratives for Effective Managers, Effective executives, Effective Boss, Effective Supervisors or Stories for Effective management, management Lesson from Garhwali Folk Literature from Garhwal, to be continued ...in next chapter

                                 References

1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003, 
2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
3- Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Kathaon ma Prabandh Vigyan ka Tantu , Chitthi Patri's Lok Kathayen Visheshank  , Dehradun
Garhwali , Himalayan folk Stories from Garhwal sequence; Garhwali folk Stories from Haridwar  Shivalik  , Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Dehradun , Shivalik, Garhwal chain; Garhwali folk Stories from Uttarkashi Himalayan Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Tehri Garhwal series; Himalayan Garhwali folk Stories from Chamoli Garhwal; Himalayan Garhwali folk Stories from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Pauri Garhwal Series to be continued ..   
XX
Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Chakrata region Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Tones-Yamuna valley Dehradun Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Yamunotri Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Har ki doon Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Janki chatti Rawain, Garhwal;  Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Ful Chatti Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Hanuman Chatti Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Radhi danda Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Kharsali Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Purola Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from West Uttarkashi Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Naitwad Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Bdkot Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Mori Rawain, Garhwal; 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -149
                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र
                             
                     Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)
Nagphani an Aero Phonic Folk Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas 

       Nagfani musical instrument is used very rarely and used by Tantrik or Mantrik ritual performers. Nagphani is linked to Lord Shiva. Nagphani is of hooded shape as snake with round and open mouth around 10 t0 15 cm in diameter. The musical instrument Nagphani is made by cooper and is smaller in size than other wind musical instrument.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 3/5/2014

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music
XX
Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays;  Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -150
                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र
                             
                     Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)

         Mouth Organ is supposed to be invented in China as 'Sheng' 1000 Before Christ. No historical details are available about mouth organs being first used in Garhwal. It seems that   mouth organ was brought to Garhwal through Tibetans tourists or traders. Surprisingly, no cultural historians or historians discussed mouth organ or harmonica uses in Garhwal as musical instrument. Mouth organ might have become more popular in rural Garhwal in British Raj.
        Mouth Organ is a general term for free reed aerophone with one or more air chambers fitted with free reed.  The instrument is played by placing lip over holes or chamber and blowing or sucking the air for creating sound. . 

   Children in Garhwal used mouth organ very much in past or before 1960. This author, around 1964-65,  watched Jay Ram Jakhmola playing Mouth Organ and singing a Hindi Film Song 'E Dil na hota bechara' or a Ghazal of Talat Mahmud in Ramleela dram in Mitrgram (Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal) .
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 4/5/2014

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music
XX
Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument   in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                               लोकसभा  चुनाव मा गढवाळम जनता क्या सूचणि च ?

                                     हंसोड्या , चुनगेर ,चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती       
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )

मीन लेख तयार करण छौ कि 2014 कु लोकसभा चुनाव मा गढ़वाळम जनता क्या सुचणि च।  मुंबई मा बैठिक फोन से सब सूचना मील जांद तो अब मुंबई से जनता की राय पता लगाण सरल ह्वे गे।
मीन अपण गां मा भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान तैं फोन पर पूछ ," प्रधान काका समनिन ! मि भीषम बुलणु छौ। "
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- बोल ! क्वा पुंगड़ी बिचणाई ?"
मि -काका पुंगड़ि नि बिचणाई। "
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- हैं ? प्रवास्युंक फोन इ पुंगड़ि बिचणो आंदन।  अच्छा बोल क्या काम च ?
मि - वु लोकसभा चुनावुं क्या हाल छन ?
म्यार इन पुछ्ण छौ कि द्वी मिनट तक भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान काका इन इन गाळी दीणा रैन कि यदि बीसी खंडूरी अर हड़क सिंग रावत सुणदा तो ऊंन सद्यानौ कुण चुनाव लड़न छोड़ि दीण छौ।
अंत मा भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधानन ब्वाल - म्वाड मोरल ऊंक ,ऐंसू चुनाव मा उठ्यां ले छन भोळ नि रैन चुनाव लड़न लैक।
मि -काका ह्वे क्या च ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- अरे सरा क्षेत्र मा नाक कटि गे।
मि -नाक कटि गे ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- हाँ मुख दिखाण लैक नि छौं।
मि - ह्वाइ क्या च ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान - अरे इन पूछ कि यूँ बदज़ातुं कारण क्या नि ह्वाइ।
मि - क्या ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- बेटीक मांगण माघम  करण छे त मीन स्वाच जब बैशाखम चुनाव आणा इ छन तो मीन बेटीक मांगण बैशाखम रखी दे।
मि - तो ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- तो क्या ? अब पैलाक तरां त छ ना कि मेमानो तैं पूड़ी परसाद खलाओ अर मांगण -सगाई करी द्यावो
मि -हाँ अब त सगाई बि ब्यावो तरां हूंद।
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- अब  ब्वोलाक तर्फ़ान बारा आदिम पौण छा अर म्यार तरफ बिटेन बीसेक आदिम छा।  तो बतीस आदिम्युं कुण बारा बोतल व्हिस्की काफी छे।
मि - तो कोटद्वार बिटेन मंगै होलि ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- सूण त सै यूँ हरामियूंन मि तैं कन धोका दे।
मि -कौं हरामियूंन ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- और कु , कॉंग्रेसी अर भाजपा वाळुन  धोका कौर दे
मि - सगाई मा भाजपा अर कॉंग्रेसी बि बुलायां छा क्या ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- अरे नै भै।  कॉंग्रेसी एजेंटन बोलि छौ कि दस बोतल व्हिस्की सगाई दिन भेजी द्याल अर भाजपा का एजेंटन बि बोल छौ कि दस बोतल सगाई दिन पौंछ जाल।
मि - तो ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान-तो क्या ! मेमान ऐ गे छा , बागदान ह्वे गे छौ , चखणा तयार छौ पर कै हरामीक शराब नि पौंछ। 
मि - अच्छा ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- रात नौ बजी गे पर व्हिस्की नि पौंछ।  मि द्वी पार्टी क एजेंटो तै फोन करद करद थकी ग्यों।  दुयुंक उत्तर छौ व्हिस्की बोतल पौंछण वाळ छन।
मि - त व्हिस्की पौंच च कि ना ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- कख दस बजी तक नि पौंछ त फिर उ उदय रामक नौनु नी च रिटायर्ड फौजी।  वैमाँगन पांच बोतल पांच पांच सौ रुपया मा खरीद तो इज्जत बची गे।  वैमा स्टॉक नि रौंद छौ त मी कखि जोग नि रौंद छौ।
मि - पर सगाई तो भली भाँती तरां से निभी गे ना ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- अरे पर क्षेत्र मा बेज्जती त ह्वे गे ना ?
मि - क्यांक बेज्जती ?
भरोसा काका उर्फ़ ग्राम प्रधान- कि प्रधान ह्वेक अर चुनावुं बगत प्रधान तैं सगाई मा अपण पैसोंन शराब खरीदण पोड़।
मि - हाँ या बात त बेज्जती की ही च कि प्रधान ह्वेक बि चुनावs  टाइम पर शराब खरीदण पोड।
भौत  देर तलक काका भाजपा अर कॉंग्रेस तैं गाळी दीणु राइ।  कै तरां से मीन पिंड छुड़ाई।
मीन गां मा भीम सिंग दादा तैं फोन लगाई कि असल बात क्या च।
भीम सिंग - अरे बात क्या च बल  भरोसा काका हर चुनाव माँ कॉंग्रेस अर भाजपा दुयुंक  दारु घटकै जांद छौ अर वोट उक्रांद तैं दिलांदु छौ तो ये बगत कॉंग्रेसी एजेंट अर भाजपा एजेंटन भरोसा काका से बदला ले आल।



Copyright@  Bhishma Kukreti  5 /5//2014
.
*कथा , स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं।
[गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य, सौज सौज मा मजाक  से, हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ, सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं;- जसपुर निवासी  द्वारा  जाती असहिष्णुता सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ढांगू वाले द्वारा   पृथक वादी  मानसिकता सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;गंगासलाण  वाले द्वारा   भ्रष्टाचार, अनाचार, अत्याचार पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; लैंसडाउन तहसील वाले द्वारा   धर्म सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;पौड़ी गढ़वाल वाले द्वारा  वर्ग संघर्ष सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; उत्तराखंडी  द्वारा  पर्यावरण संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;मध्य हिमालयी लेखक द्वारा  विकास संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;उत्तरभारतीय लेखक द्वारा  पलायन सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; मुंबई प्रवासी लेखक द्वारा  सांस्कृतिक विषयों पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; महाराष्ट्रीय प्रवासी लेखक द्वारा  सरकारी प्रशासन संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; भारतीय लेखक द्वारा  राजनीति विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; सांस्कृतिक मुल्य ह्रास पर व्यंग्य , गरीबी समस्या पर व्यंग्य, आम आदमी की परेशानी विषय के व्यंग्य, जातीय  भेदभाव विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; एशियाई लेखक द्वारा सामाजिक  बिडम्बनाओं, पर्यावरण विषयों   पर  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, राजनीति में परिवार वाद -वंशवाद   पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ग्रामीण सिंचाई   विषयक  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, विज्ञान की अवहेलना संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य  ; ढोंगी धर्म निरपरेक्ष राजनेताओं पर आक्षेप , व्यंग्य , अन्धविश्वास  पर चोट करते गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, राजनेताओं द्वारा अभद्र गाली पर हास्य -व्यंग्य    श्रृंखला जारी  ]
                               

[Bhishma Kukreti]

            History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -88     
   
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -333 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

            According to Bharat Kavi the creator of long Sanskrit poetry 'Manodaya Kavya', Ajeypal was very strong person and enemy used to feel dreadfulness by his name announcement.  He was as Yudhistar in battle. His strength was as Bhima of Mahabharata. Ajeypal used to offer shelter to noble personalities. He was prosperous King. Historian Rahul states that Ajeypal consolidated Garhwal Kingdom from Tibet to Chandighat Haridwar, Bhabhar, and Dehradun.
        Though, there is no record of Satyanath but it is true that Satyanath had been a great saint of Garhwal. It is said that Satyanath made treaty between Kumaon King and Ajeypal.  Ajeypal had great respect for Satyanath. Due to his respect for Satyanath, Ajeypal was also included in Nath saint in Nath literature.
         Ajeypal is respected as one of great Kings of Garhwal. He was firm and knew battle strategies very well. Ajeypal behaved with great respect to defeated Kings by him. He created prosperity and peace in Garhwal when there were disturbances in other Indian regions due to Muslim rulers and invaders. He established Shrinagar the capital of Garhwal.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 5/5/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -334 
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Haridwar Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Pauri Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Chamoli Garhwal; History Analysis of Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Tehri Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Dehradun Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Bhabhar Garhwal;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                                                  ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार  में ज्ञान प्राप्ति , सूचना-प्रसारण  प्रबंधन

                                                Managing Information by Travel Agency

                                                 ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार का सुचारु रूप से संपादन  - भाग -8
                                Business Management of Travel Agency  in context Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development Part -8



                         (Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series--61 ) 
                                                      उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 61   

                                                                      लेखक : भीष्म कुकरेती  (विपणन व विक्री प्रबंधन विशेषज्ञ ) 
किसी भी ट्रैवल एजेंट को सूचनाओं व प्रोडक्ट ज्ञान की अति आवश्यकता पड़ती है।  किसी भी प्रोडक्ट ज्ञान, घटना , पर्यटक स्थल में व्यापार या अन्य सूचना प्राप्ति  के निम्न मुख्य साधन हैं -
१-इंटरनेट द्वारा
२-किसी भी टूरिस्ट प्लेस /पर्यटक स्थल /होटल आदि के पैम्फलेट्स  , व्राउचर्स , विज्ञापनों द्वारा
३-समाचार पत्र या कोई अन्य माध्यम  जैसे टीवी
४- पर्यटन व्यापार की विशेष पत्रिकाएं
५-पर्यटन व्यापारियों के संघठन
६-सरकारी स्तर पर प्राप्त सूचनाएं
७- डॉक्यूमेंटरी फ़िल्में
८-  ट्रैवल एजेंसी के कर्मिकों या भागीदारों द्वारा विशेष स्थल का भ्रमण व अनुभव प्राप्त करना
९- विभिन्न सप्लायरों से ज्ञान या सूचना प्राप्ति
१०-पर्यटन व्यापार के सलाहकारों द्वारा ज्ञान -सूचना प्राप्ति

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  5/5/2014


Contact ID bckukreti@gmail.com

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series to be continued ...


उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन श्रृंखला जारी ...

                                    References

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006  -2007  , उत्तरांचल में  पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना , शैलवाणी (150  अंकों में ) , कोटद्वार , गढ़वाल
xx

Notes on Managing Information by Travel Agency; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Bhabhar Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Lansdowne Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Pithoragarh Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Bageshwar Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Champawat Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Almora Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Nainital Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development; Managing Information by Travel Agency in context Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional Stories, Community Narratives -91

  Compiled and Edited by: Bhishma Kukreti (Management Training Expert)
                                         (Reference: Dr Jagdish Naudiyal)

           All over Garhwal it is believed that Ghost or demons don't come near to cow. There are a couple of different folk stories in different parts of Garhwal about cow protecting human beings from Ghost. The following folk story is from Ravain region of Uttarkashi and Dehradun.
           A person was running as a terrible Ghost was running after him. The person ran towards forest but Ghost did not stop following him. The fearful person ran from jungle to paddy field but Ghost also followed the person there. The person ran to a millet field but could not protect him from the Ghost. The person ran towards village and saw a cowshed. The person ran fast and entered into the cowshed where cows were there. The Ghost could not enter in cowshed as the cow protects human beings from ghosts.


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 5/5/2014 for review and interpretation

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional stories, Community Narratives for Effective Managers, Effective executives, Effective Boss, Effective Supervisors or Stories for Effective management, management Lesson from Garhwali Folk Literature from Garhwal, to be continued ...in next chapter

                                 References

1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003, 
2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
3- Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Kathaon ma Prabandh Vigyan ka Tantu , Chitthi Patri's Lok Kathayen Visheshank  , Dehradun
Garhwali , Himalayan folk Stories from Garhwal sequence; Garhwali folk Stories from Haridwar  Shivalik  , Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Dehradun , Shivalik, Garhwal chain; Garhwali folk Stories from Uttarkashi Himalayan Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Tehri Garhwal series; Himalayan Garhwali folk Stories from Chamoli Garhwal; Himalayan Garhwali folk Stories from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Pauri Garhwal Series to be continued ..   
XX
Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Yamunotri Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Janki Chatti Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Fulchatti Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Kharsali Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Har ki Dun Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Radhi Danda Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Purola Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Mori Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Anhol Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Lakhadanda Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Naitwad Ravain, Garhwal; Cow Protecting Human beings from Ghost a Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Story from Naugaon Ravain, Garhwal;