Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

History Aspects of Govisana 'Mitra' Dynasty of Kashipur (Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon)

History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) - Part 56   

Historical Aspects of Pre-Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-53   


(History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Rahul Sanstyankritan, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Satish Chandra Kala, Dr. Patiram, K.P. Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal)

                                                       By: Bhishma Kukreti
       There had been archeological excavations near Kashipur of district Udham Singh Nagar of Kumaon region in 1901, 1939-40, 1965-66 and 1970-71. Great Historian Dr. Dabral states the site as fort site while archeological survey of India states the site as different period temple site.
     According to Cunningham, the inscriptions on bricks are not complete. That shows that inscriptions were written on series of bricks. The inscriptions show that at least there had been minimum three Govisana Kings in this region (Tarai Bawar).
King Matrimitra of Govisana dynasty
Son of King Matrimitra of Govisana dynasty
King Prithwimitra.
At this time there was custom of suffixing 'mitra' at the end of King name in Panchal, Koshal, Kaushambi, Mathura and Patliputra. These kings might be free chieftains or would be Panchala kings. The scripts of these inscriptions are in Brahmi and that shows that the period of Govisana is post Ashoka period.


                                      Matrimitra a Govisana King of present Kashipur Region
                       It is not clear about the founder of Govisana Kingdom. Matrimitra was one of the heirs of Govisana kingdom founder.
     
                                            Prithwimitra a Govisana King (present Kashipur Region)
         
  There is still doubt whether Prithwimitra a Govisana King of present   Kashipur region was father or son of Matrimitra.

                           Time Period of Govisana Mitra Kings (present Kashipur Region)               

                The Govisana Mitra Kingdom period is after Kushana King Vasudeva. The Prakrit Sanskrit on inscriptions of ruins of Govisana sites speak that the Govisana kings of present Kashipur were contemporary of Chhatreshwar, Bhanu and Ravana of Kuninda of post Kushana era.
  The historian suggest the time period of Govisana Mitra dynasty (present Kashipur region) from 25-290AD.

       Economic Prosperity in Govisana Mitra Kingdom (present Kashipur Region)               

          The time period of Govisana Mitra Kings of present Kashipur region was the prosperous period. The copper coins were medium of business and exchange.

             Developed Architectures in Govisana Mitra Period (present Kashipur Region)

  The forts, the big Drona Sagar pond, are witness that the architecture was finely developed in Govisana Mitra period.
            The notes of archeological Survey of India state that the temples surrounding this region of different ages and periods (www.asi.nic.in/asi_exca_imp_uttranchal.asp). 
  That means at the time of Govisana Mitra period was a prosperous period and the kings and elites used to pay attentions on sophisticated architectures.


         Religions in Govisana Mitra Period (present Kashipur Region)
       
            The Govisana Kings names, ruins and post Govisana ruins witness that this area of Udham Singh Nagar was Hindu area in Govisana Mitra period (250290 AD) and in post Govisana period too.
.

           

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 28/05/2013


(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -57
This chapter contains History aspects of Bhim-Gaja Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around Painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Kashipur, Udham Singh Nagar, and Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Jaspur, Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Bajpur , Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey Period; History aspects of Gularbhoj , Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Barakhera, Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Pantnagar , Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey Period; History aspects of Rudrapur, Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Kichha, Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Bichhwa, Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey Period; History aspects of Sitarganj , Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Khatima , Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey Period; History aspects of Senapani , Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey Period; History aspects of Chakrapur , Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Gosukuan , Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period; History aspects of Drona Sagar,  Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period ;History aspects of Tanda Ujjain,  Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon around painted Grey ware Period.

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Asha and Hari Hindwan Jagar Gatha: Folktale/ Folksongs about Two Brave Bothers of Medieval Era


Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Jagar of Kumaon-Garhwal –Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -38

Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Ballads of Bravery of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Uttarakhand –22 

                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti
There had been hundreds of Bhad (Brave men) in medieval in Haridwar, Kumaon and Garhwal regions.  The present chivalry story is about two brave brothers Asha and Hari Hindwan.  The present folktale tells the name of King Manshahi. That means the period is from 1591-1610 of Asha and Hari Hindwan.


               कुमाऊं, गढ़वाल ,हरिद्वार  की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -38     
                      हरिद्वार, गढ़वाल , कुमाऊं की वीर गाथाएँ -22
आशा और हरी हिंडवाण  जागर लोक गाथा वीर-वीरंगनाएं  गाथा : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि  या पांवड़ा, जागर 
अब देखा सिरीमौर राज, लग्युं च वो गोड़ी रागस
मेरो भैजी आधा राजपाट , मेरा माल रागस न खाये
अब माल सिरीमौर को  , मेरा मन सोच करद
मेरा भैजि को जोड़ साधलो, अब भैजी  ए गोड़ी रागस
तब जैन लेख्याले कागजी , अब भैजी सैण सिरीनगर
अब तई सैण सिरीनगर पर रैंद राजा मानशाही
xxx             xxx                    xxx
अब होंद भेंटाभेँट पड़गैने खुदेंदी करड़ी अंग्वाल्ठी
दुय्ये फुंकरा फुंकरी कै रोणा छन खुसी का मोती
हैंसदा -ज्युंदाल सी दुबल्या मा छन खतेणा भैरे
अब दुय्ये जोधौंन मेरा माल अगनै देख्यो न पिछनै
करि याले माई का बच्चौन राजा की सेना को कूर्च मुंडेऊ
तहेगैने ओ सुरक्षा रौतेलो मानशाही का सिरिनगर
अब पौंछ्या ओ रज्जा का पास ............
.....................
अब मेरा माल हिंडवाणी कोट तब मेरा माल बाजिने -बढाई

               There was terror of Gaudi demon in Sirmour Kingdom, Himachal Pradesh.  Gaudi demon ate half of the population of Sirmour, Himachal. The Sirmaur, Himachal King started thinking about friends who can help him for diminishing Gaudi demon. Man Shah was ruling Garhwal from Srinagar. The King of Sirmaur, Himachal sent message to Garhwal King. The Garhwal King read the letter of Sirmour (Himachal) King. The Sirmaur King requested the Garhwal king for sending brave men to kill Gaudi demon. Sirmaur King also promised that the killer of Gaudi demon would be offered half of the kingdom as a Jagir (land to rule).  The Sirmour King also promised for marrying his daughter Surkesha to the winning courageous man.
           Garhwal king though thoroughly and remembered Hindwankot.  There were two brave brothers under Hindwankot chieftain.  One daring brother was Asha and other valiant was Hari Hindwan. Garhwal King sent message.
  The messenger reached to house of fearless Hindwan brothers. Asha Hindwan was there at home. Asha Hindwan read the letter and started being ready. In the mean time, Hari Hindwan also reached there. Heroic Hari Hindwan requested his brother that he (Hari) would go to kill demon. Asha agreed to send Hari Hindwan to Sirmaur. Hari Hindwan took the blessing of goddesses and deities.
        Hari Hindwan reached Srinagar via Tehri, Gadhmolya, Paukhal, and Haintakhal. He salted the Srinagar King. Garhwali king told Hari that he should return by killing devil. Hari Hindwan filled his pockets by four tons of roasted Soya beans as parched grains.
                Hari Hindwan started journey for Sirmour (Himachal).  On the way to Sirmaur, Hari Hindwan met Dhakris (those visit markets for their needs). They were cooking Dhungali (a type of thick bread on hot stone) and vegetables.  Hari Hindwan wished to eat Dhungali. Hari Hindwan started playing flute. There was magic in his flute playing. The Dhakris lost in the music and walked away leaving Dhunglis and vegetable.  Hari Hindwan ate Dhungli and vegetable.
   Hari Hindwan reached to Sirmour and introduced him to Sirmaur King.  Hari Hindwan reached to place of Gaudi demon. Brave Hari Hindwan challenged Gaudi demon. They fought for nine days and nine nights. At the end daring Hari Hindwan killed the demon.
    Hari Hindwan sent the message of demon killing to Sirmaur King. Hari Hindwan was now taking rest there. 
               Sirmour King became happy to know the demon killing. However, now, the Sirmaur king became greedy about his offering half the Kingdom and his daughter to Hari Hindwan.  In greed, Sirmaur King id conspiracy. Sirmour King sent his brave men and those brave men tied Hari Hindwan and threw him into a pond.
             Asha saw a dream that his brother is thrown into pond. Asha Hindwan reached to Srinagar and told the story to the king.  Asha Hindwan started journey for Sirmour. Asha reached to the pond. The horse of Hari Hindwan was restless there.  Asha threw a machine into pond and took out unconscious boy of his brother Hari Hindwan.  After some time, Hari Hindwan became conscious. Both the brothers reached Sirmaur and they killed here and there. At last, they killed Sirmaur King.
  Both brothers with wealth and Surkesha reached to Srinagar.  Srinagar King offered whole Sirmaur Kingdom to brave brothers. Garhwal King also offered brave brothers the Jagir of Hindwaniikot.
They all reached to Hindwanikot where joy and happiness were waiting for them. All were congratulating two brave brothers.

   

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 28/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...39 

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued...23   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
   हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ   
    सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं 

                                     "देख तमाशा आइपीएल का" सीरियलौ हजार एपिसोड
   
                     चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )


ब्याळि टीवी सीरियलूँ  एकमेव राणि कविता कपूर  तैं मिलणों वींक ऑफिस ग्यों।
मि - कविता कपूर जी ! आपन बुलाइ?
कविता कपूर -उ क्या च! मि इन्डियन प्रीमियर लीग पर आधारित हजार एपिसोडौ  सीरियल बणाणु छौं
मि -हजार एपिसोड?
कविता कपूर -हाँ! उन त टीवी चैनेल त द्वी हजार एपिसोड की बात करणा छा।
मि -पण इथगा एपिसोडों कुण कथा?
कविता कपूर -कनो म्यार सीरीयलों मा क्वी कथा हूंदि बि च ? इख त आईपीएल तो कथाओं महासागर च।
मि -हां पण ..
कविता कपूर -आईपीएल की शुरुवात से लेकि अज्युं तलक हजारों रोमांचकारी कथा भरीं छन
मि -पण एक आधार बि ...
कविता कपूर -हाँ यो तो माणिल्या कि जन महाभारत का लाख डेढ़ लाख श्लोकों मा हजारों रोमांचक कथा छन ऊनि आईपीएल मा बि असलियतवादी कथा छुपीं छन .
मि -हाँ पण अमूनन .हॆरोइज्म अर विलियनिज्म ..
कविता कपूर -देखो! आईपीएल मा  जु बि पैल हीरो या नायक की भूमिका निभांदो वो अंत मा खलनायक घोषित ह्वे जांदो अब चाहे ललित मोदी ह्वावो, डालमिया ह्वावो, श्रीनिवासन ह्वावो, गुरुनाथ मयप्पन ह्वावो यूंक कथाओं मा हीरो से खलनायक बणणो पूरा तत्व छन अर कथा को जाळ बटणो पूरा अवसर छन।
मि -हां बेइमानी, बदजात, बदमाशी,बदखोरी, बड़बोलापन,बेरहमी से शत्रु विणास, बहसीपन, बेलगाम अंदाज मा एक हैंको शाशन उजाड़ण ,बदला, बदचलनी, बदमस्ती, बदनीयती, बददियानती,बदगुमानी,बदकारी,बदगोई,बदसूरत काम ,बनावटी हंसी अर बनावटी रुण,  बहकाना, बंदी (कैदी ) -बंदवान (जेलर ), चोरी कौरिक विदेश भागण जब सब कुछ च।
कविता कपूर - श्रृंगार रस का वास्ता आईपीएल कथा मा चीयर गर्ल्स छन , ऊंका जंघड़ छन , फिर बुक्की या सटोरियों द्वारा बिगडैल खिलाडियो , शातिर अधिकार्युं कुण लड़की पौंछाण, मैच का बाद आमोद प्रमोद का इंतजाम, स्यूं कपड़ो मा कैबरे से लेकि पूरा नंगा कैबरे सब कुछ च आईपीएल की कथा मा     
मि -हाँ अब पता चौल कि आप किलै सीरियल  क्वीन छंवाँ
कविता कपूर - अर वीर रस का वास्ता तो भौत सा विषय छन
मि -जन कि?
कविता कपूर -जन कि कैं तरां से एक धनी मनिख क्रिकेट क्लब को सदस्य बणदो अर फिर कैं तिकड़म से बोर्ड ऑफ क्रिकेट कंट्रोल को सदस्य अर अधिकारी बणद या भूतपूर्व क्रिकेट खिलाड़ी कौं नौटंकी से क्रिकेट पर झपटा मारदन, कन मैच फ़िक्षिंग केस मा पकड़े जाणों बाद खिलाड़ी कोर्ट से छुटदन  आदि सब वीर रसपूर्ण कथा छन। फिर कन आईपीएल फ्रैंचाइजी गलत तरां से, बेईमानी से निवेश करदन अर फिर कै तरां से नियमों से वीरतापूर्वक बचदन। यूँ सब कथाओं मा रोमांच , साहस, दुस्साहस , सहनशक्ति ओज,ऊर्जा, चपलता जन भाव छन जो वीर रस लाणों बान कामयाब नुक्सा  छन
मि -हाँ मानण पोड़ल कि आईपीएल मा वीर रस की कमी नी च
कविता कपूर -फिर करुण रस का वास्ता श्रीसंत को रुण , चीयर गर्ल्स को दोहन जन भौत सि बात छन जो हम अपण सोप ओपेरा मा डाळि द्योला। फिर हर एपिसोड मा खेलो मा ठगी से परेसान, हतप्रभ  जनता का आंसू बि दिखौला
मि -हाँ अर आश्चर्य रस का वास्ता?
कविता कपूर -इखमा  क्या च ? मैच फिक्सिंग , स्पॉट फिक्सिंग , क्रिकेट अधिकार्युं द्वारा एक हैंकाक पीठ पर छुर्रा आदि मा आश्चर्य दिखाए जालो
मि - हास्य रस का वास्ता ?
कविता कपूर -उन बी असलियत माँ नेताओं अर क्रिकेट कंट्रोल बोर्ड का बयानों मा हंसी बी च , बचकानापन तो यांसे हंसी पैदा करे जालो
मि -क्रोध को क्या ह्वालो?
कविता कपूर - एक उदाहरण च -क्रिकेट कंट्रोल बोर्ड का एक सदस्य जब दुसरो पीठ पर छुर्रा भोंकल तो अफिक क्रोध रस  उत्पति होलि। फिर कै ना कै तरां से आम जनता को क्रोध बि बथौला 
मि -हाँ। अर घृणा
कविता कपूर -हरेक एपिसोड मा अंत मा जनता कुकर्मी क्रिकेट अधिकारी, लालची क्रिकेटर तैं जुत्यालि, बदमाश क्रिकेट अधिकारीको मुख काळु कारलि अर वूं पर गू-मूत  लपोड़लि   
मि -अरे वाह नया तरीका !
कविता कपूर -अच्छा तो तू काम शुरू कौर ..
मि -जी ! मी भोळ बिटेन ये पर काम शुरू करुल
कविता कपूर -ठीक च
अर मि आज बिटेन आईपीएल सीरियलों बान पटकथा लिखणो तयारी मा लगि ग्यों जैं कथा मा धंधक,धांधली , धंधारी (कन्फ्यूजन ), धकध्याट, धकमधक्का,धकारा (डर ), धचका, धड़का, नियमुं तै धत्ता, धन्नासेठों कुकर्म, धमाचौकड़ी , धमजगर , धमारिया (झगड़ा ), धम्माल, अधर्म , धर्महीनता , धर्षण (आक्रमण ), धींगड़ी ( बदमाशी )धुंधकार , धुधुकार , धुकड-पुकड, धोका, धोकाधड़ी, धौंताल (चपल ), ध्वंस , ध्वंसकला , ध्वंसी   सब कुछ च

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  29/05/2013           
(लेख सर्वथा काल्पनिक  है )

[Bhishma Kukreti]

  Yugshail Kingdom: Ashvamedha Performer Kingdom in Uttarakhand just before Classical Pattern Age

History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) - Part 57   

Historical Aspects of Pre-Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-54   


(History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Rahul Sanstyankritan, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Satish Chandra Kala, Dr. Patiram, K.P. Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal)

                                                       By: Bhishma Kukreti

 
          There were rises of regional kingdoms just after death of Kushana king Vashudeva.  The historians have records of following kingdoms of Uttarakhand between post-Kushana age and Gupta Era.
1-Chhatreshwar, Bhanu and Ravana of Kuninda Kingdom
2-Matrimitra and other kings of Kashipur
3-Shiv Bhawani etc of Jagatgram
4- Jay Das dynasty of Lakhamandal (Dehradun)
5-Kartaripur kingdom
                       Ashvamedha performing kings ruled over Uttarakhand after Kuninda and Mitra dynasties. Dr. Dabral suggests that at the time of Samudragupta (335-375CE), there were Kartripur Kings in east Uttarakhand and Jayadas dynasty in west Uttarakhand.

                                            Shiv Bhavani King of Post Kushana Period

   The archeological researchers found inscriptions from Ambrigaon of Dehradun (near Dakpathar). Shiv Bhawani was one of the Ashvamedha performer kings. The period is guessed around third century

                                     Sheelvarman:a  Ashvamedha Performer king

  Archeological survey of India excavated the site at Jagat Gram, Dehradun from 1952-1954. The archeological excavation of Jagat Gram (Dehradun) revealed –
1-Three fire alters- The fire alter in flying eagle form is called Syena Chiti. 

2-Other materials including Sanskrit inscriptions-The inscription is proof of Yugshail kings performed               Ashvamedha Yagya in third century. In one inscription the scrip is of Brahmi.  The kings were Vrishagana (a unknown Gotra in present Uttarakhand). There are signs that the king or kings performed four Ashvamedha Yagya here.
The name of Kingdom or kingdom capital was Yugshail. The area of rule is uncertain. Jagatgram is just opposite of Kalsi at Yamuna bank.
The period of this dynasty should b e before 335 CE. The Yugshail dynasty ruled around sixty years in some part of Uttarakhand especially in Jaunsar Bawar.

                               Economic Prosperity and Peace

The four Ashvamedha Yagya suggest that the area was prosperous and with peace.  The kingdom was strong from all purposes that the neighboring kingdoms did not try to fight with Yugshail kings.
  Brick making buildings show that architecture art was fully developed.

            Major vessels were made by mud. However, the customs of wooden, stone and metal vessels were also there.

  There was arrangement of educating common people but elite people were more educated.
Shaivism and Buddhism were there.
Sanskrit had taken the status of elite language.

Four Ashvamedha Yagya speak that Brahminical way of custom was common  custom.



                                           Pon: the sixth King of Yugshail Dynasty

  Pon had been sixth king or Chieftains of Yugshail dynasty of ancient Uttarakhand.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 29/05/2013


(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -58
Historical Aspects of Pre-Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas to be continued...-54   
This chapter contains some part of  History of Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Jagatgram, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Sahaspur, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Vikashnagar, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Chakrata, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Lakhwar, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Kalsi, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Nagthat, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Sahiya, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Koti, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Kailana, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Deoban, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Maleta, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Budher, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Mashak, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Kunain, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Bhandruuli, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Daragar, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Hanol, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Tiuni, Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of Hatar,  Dehradun before Samudragupta; History of kanda, Dehradun before Samudragupta

[Bhishma Kukreti]

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
   हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ   
    सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं 
                                प्रधान मंत्री जी ! तुमर बिजणौ समौ कब आलो ?

                       चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )
आदरणीय प्रधान मंत्री  जी अर सबि विरोधी नेता लोग  !

समनैन ! तुम सब्युं कुर्सी बचीं रैन , प्रजातंत्र का नाम पर तुमर झड़नाती -पड़नात्युं तैं विरासत मा तुमारि कुर्सी मिल्दि जावु।
उन त मि जाणदो छौं तुम लोगुं चमड़ी गैंडा की खाल से बि जादा बकळि  च जख पर चुनाव हारण से, लगातार वोट प्रतिशत मा गिरावट से कुछ फरक नि पड़दो उख मै सरीखा मनिखौ चिट्ठी से क्या फरक पड़दो।
पण ए  जी ! तुम कर्तव्यवोध हीन, चक्षुहीन, निकजा, निर्मोही,निपट संवेदनहीन, निर्मूलक,निर्व्यापार, ह्वे गे होला पण मैं  सरीखा करोड़ों भारतीयों मा   कर्तव्य वोध, आँख, देश मोह, संवेदना   आत्मा, चेतना, वुद्धि, संज्ञा , आशा अबि बि बचीं च।
इलै मि कर्तव्य वोध से प्रेरित आप सबि लोगुं कुण चिट्ठी भेजणु छौं तुम नी बि बांचिल्या तो भी मि अपण कर्तव्य निभाणम अग्वाड़ी ही रोलु।
     
हे ! कुनेथियो, कुढबियो, कुत्सित कर्मियों ! पता बि च तुम तैं  कि तुमर कुनीत्युं अर कुकाज से  यु क्या होणु च -कुस्वप्न, कसूत (मिसमैनेजमेंट) अर कुहक (भरम ) फैल्युं च , भारत एक कुखेत ह्वे गे।
अब जरा तक लगैक द्याखो जख आज चबूतरों , चौराहों , चौबटो , चराई जगौं , कॉफ़ी हाउसों , बसों , रेलों माँ लोगुं छ्वीं लगण चयेणी छे बल अबि चीनी प्रधान मंत्री भारत ऐ छा तो क्या हमर राजनीतिग्य , प्रशासनिक अधिकारी, उद्योगपति इन जुगत भिड़ाला कि चीन से आयात अर चीन कुणि निर्यात का बीच जो खतरनाक गहरी-चौड़ी  खाइ (डिस बैलेंस ) पैदा ह्वे ग्यायि अर वीं आर्थिक खाई तैं कनै भरे जावो। पण चुलम बि अर चिलम पींद दै छ्वीं लगणा छन कि चंडेलिया खिलाड़ी तैं पकड़्याण से कथगा नुकसान ह्वे होलु अर क्या चंडेला पुलिस कस्टडी से भैर आणो उपरांत अपण नुकसानौ भरपाई करी साकल कि ना! चिंता भारत अर चीन का मध्य आर्थिक खाई की नि होणि च चर्चा चंडेला पर अटग गे।

हे जंग लग्याँ नेताओं ! तुम तैं खबर बि च कि हमर प्रधान मंत्री जापान जात्रा पर जयाँ छा। प्रधान मंत्री की जापान जात्रा एक जरूरी घटना छे अर हमर व्यापारियों, उत्पादकों तैं सुचण चयेणु छौ कि हम जापान से क्या फैदा लिवां कि हमर जो हजारों फैक्ट्री बंद ह्वे गेन वूं फैक्टर्यूं तैं कनै दुबार शुरू करे जावो पण आज भारतीय इथगा पलायनवादी ह्वे गे कि जख वै तैं वस्तु निर्माण (प्रोडक्सन ) पर बहस करण चयाणो छौ वो अपण चौक मा चिंता जताणु च, चरचा करणु च, चकचक करणु च कि आईपीएल मा विदेशी खिलन्देरो संख्या बढाई जाव जाँ से मजा जादा ह्वे जावो।
अबि सि छतीसगढ़ मा मावोवादियोंन कथगा लोगुं निर्मम हत्या कार। आज जब कि चर्चा , छ्वीं, बहस होण चयाणो छौ कि मावोवादी आतंकवाद तैं कनै रुके जावो उख हम भारतवासी बहस , चर्चा , छुयुं माँ व्यस्त छंवा कि बीसीसीअई को अध्यक्ष श्रीनिवासन की मोर्चाबंदी तैं कनकै रोके जाव।
हे महामहिमो ! मौर्य शासन को अवसान कुशाण राज को खतम हूण, गुप्तवंश को खात्मा, मुहमद तुगलक को निर्बीजिकरण, मुगल सल्तनत को अस्ताचल को जाण, गढवाल से पंवार वंश को खतम हूण, कुमाओं से चंद वंश को चंपत हूण मा कुछ ख़ास चरित्र अर लक्षण इकसनि छा। जब भी उच्च पदासीन लोग कुर्सी लोभी , भाई भतीजावाद का समर्थक , स्वार्थी , जनता से दूर, भ्रष्ट , निर्लज , आचार -विचार हीन, संवेदन हीन , पाळिबाज (गुटबाज), व्यसनी , अमानत माँ खयानत तै अडसारो दीण वाळ, बेइमान , स्वेच्छाचारी , गुंदकीखोर, बदखोर ह्वे जावन तो तब जनता, छवट-पदाधिकारी, चिंतक, कारीगर समाज, शिक्षक समाज , अडंदेर समाज, पूरो समाज पलायनवादी ह्वे जांद अर यूँका ध्यान मुख्य विषय पण ना गौण विषयों पर  अटकि जांद। अर समाज व जनता के यीं पलायनवादी मानसिकता से देश समाज को नुकसान अवश्यम्भावी च।
आज भारतीय जनता, अडंदेर   अर चिन्तक पलायनवादी ह्वे गेन अर मुख्य विषयों छोड़िक गौण विषयों पर झकमारी करण, समय बरबाद करण , मुख्य कामौ मुद्दा से भटकण  गीजि गेन  अर हे माहामहिमो तुम अबि बि गहरी नींद मा छंवाँ।
हे नेताओं ! क्या अबि बि तुमर बिजणो समौ नि आयि ?   


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  30/05/2013           
(लेख सर्वथा काल्पनिक  है )

[Bhishma Kukreti]

         History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Lakhamandal, Dehradun

History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) - Part 58   

Historical Aspects of Pre-Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-55   


(History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Rahul Sanstyankritan, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Satish Chandra Kala, Dr. Patiram, K.P. Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal, Om Chanda Handa)

                                                       By: Bhishma Kukreti
               Lakhamandal of Jaunsar Bawar region of Chakrata tehsil of Dehradun district is an important place. The place is situated at confluence of Yamuna and Mordgad. There had been excavations in Lakhamandal and those show that Lakhamandal had been an important place in Gupta, Kushana and Shunga Age. The excavation results show that one time Lakhamandal had been a prosperous business centre.
Vats, Aagarwal and Chhabda found Brahmi inscriptions in Lakhamandal around of Gupta period. Later on Archeological survey of India carried out excavations there.

              There are disagreements between Dr Dabral and Om Handa about some historical statements for Lakhamandal. Om Chanda Handa (2009, Art and Architecture of Uttarakhandp-117-18) suggests that the temple in Lakhamandal was built by a Rohtak fellow. However, but it is clear that there have been six rulers of Lakhamandal before or around Gupta period (5th –6th century AD).
  Dr Dabral suggest the time of eight kings or chieftains from 350-460 AD.
  The 'prashasti' inscription has following names and titles-
SN-------------------Name of Chieftain/king---------------------------Title
1--------------------Jaydas---------------------------------------------------Narpati
2------------------ ?-----------------------------------------------------------Nripati
3------------------Guhesh---------------------------------------------------Kshipati
4--------------Achal--------------------------------------------------------Avneepish
5-------------?-------------------------------------------------------------?
6--------------Chhagleshdas---------------------------------------?
7-------------Rudreshdas-------------------------------------------------Nripatesh
8----------Ajeshwar, Chhaglesh --------------------------------------Nrip
             It shows that Chhagleshdas built the inscriptions. His wife was Gundevi. Chhgaleshdas had son who is compared with Indra and Jayant (the inscription is broken so full detail is not seen).  The Shunga and Kushan rulers used to give themselves the title as Mahraja, Rajtiraj . While here the titles are Narpati etc. That means the kings were small territory kings or chieftains.

                              Area of Jaydasa Kingdom of Lakhamandal

  There is no certainty for knowing the area of Jaydasa dynasty. It might be correct that Jaydasa dynasty ruled around this area in both sides of Yamuna River (Himachal and Uttarakhand). The historians are also not certain about the reasons behind downfall of Jaydasa dynasty from Lakhamandal region.

                                        Architecture 

The excavations found in Lakhamandal show that architecture was on rising at this period (4th to 6th century AD). The Archeological Survey of India Internet site states, "Most important findings are the remains of miniatures flat roofed temples are commonly not found in this region. These findings added new dimensions/dominations in the history of temples and architectures of Himalaya."

                                      Education
      The Sanskrit inscriptions show that education had importance in the rule of Jayadasa Dynasty rule. There were Sanskrit pundits those used to create poetries .
             Religions in Jaydasa Dynasty
               
       Slavism was a dominating sect in Jaydasa dynasty time.   

                             Lakhamandal as Religious Place               
          The remains show that Lakhamandal was a pilgrim place too. The confluences of rivers or rivulets with Yamuna or Ganges were supposed to be auspicious places (pilgrim places) as Lakhamandal. 
  In this time (3rd to eight or so), the pilgrim places were also commercial and goods exchange centers.  Since, historians could not find any coinage of this dynasty of Lakhamandal that shows that chieftains of regional kingdoms used to permit the coins of other bigger kingdoms for exchange purposes. Another aspects of non availability of coinages of Jaydasa dynasty of Lakhamandal also suggest that 'barter system' of exchange in commercial dealing was more than coin uses.   


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 30/05/2013


(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -59
Historical Aspects of Pre-Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas to be continued...-56   
This chapter contains notes on History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Lakha Mandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Banau near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Kitrauli near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Kandidhar near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Bagoor near LakhaMandal, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Dohajhusau near Lakha Mandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Chhatau near LakhaMandal, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Pingri near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Asoi near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Chanjol near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Asta near Lakha Mandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Undawa near Lakha Mandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Nevi near Lakha Mandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of near Gothan Joshi LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Tuna near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Simog near Lakha Mandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Lakhwar near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Kulaha near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Sribarkoti near Lakha Mandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Badhau near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar,  Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Khadin near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Mailoth near LakhaMandal, Dehradun; History Aspects of Jaydasa Dynasty of Mandauli near LakhaMandal, Jaunsar –Bawar, Dehradun

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Lodi Rikhola: Great Folk Hero of Garhwal 

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Jagar of Kumaon-Garhwal –Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -40

Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Ballads of Bravery of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Uttarakhand –24 

                                           By: Bhishma Kukreti


                         Characteristics of Folk Hero

    Graham Seal (2001, Encyclopedia of Folk Heroes) states, "Those activities that generally confer heroism upon individuals may, singly or in various in various combinations include following characteristics"

1-Physical Power 2-Cunning
2-Persistance
3-Helping Others
4-Luck
5- Cleverness
6-Magic
7-Magic
8-Wisdom
9-Righteousness
10-Skillful ability
11-Power
12-Laying
13-Stupidity 

                                    Lodi Rikhola: Great Folk Hero of Garhwal 

                Lodi Rikhola was one of the great generals of Garhwal Kingdom. Madho Singh Bhandari became army chief after the death of great general Lodi Rikhola.
              Lodi Rikhola was born in Bayeli village of Malla Badalpur of Pauri Garhwal. He belonged to a Thokdar (like Chieftain) family. Once, in his childhood, a marriage party had come in the village from Maudadsyun. There was a big vessel at water source. Many people could pick not pick up that big vassal. Lodi Rikhola picked up the vassal and took up the vassal to marriage party far away from water source. Everybody praised the strength of young Lodi Rikhola.
     Lodi Rikhola was married to a Thokdar daughter from Khairasain near Satpuli. 
          Due to his courageous and wise character, Garhwal King Mahipat Shah appointed Lodi Rikhola his army chief. 
   Mahipat Shah sent general Lodi Rikhola for calm downing the peace at border of Sirmour. Lodi started his journey for Sirmour border but he felt inauspicious signs. Rikhola came back from a distance. His mother criticized him. Lodi Rikhola went to Sirmour border via Srinagar.

           Lodi Rikhola brought peace by his power and wise diplomacy at the border of Sirmour. The king welcomed him at Srinagar and rewarded Jagir.   
  King started appreciating Lodi Rikhola. The enemies of Lodi within court started complaining to the king that Lodi Rikhola wanted to become King. King killed Lodi Rikhola by conspiracy. Mother of Lodi Rikhola cursed the king.
  The king came to know the real conspiracy of enemies of Lodi after his death. The king awarded Jagir of Badalpur and Paino to heirs of Lodi Rikhola.         
   

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 30/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...41 
   
Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued...25   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti Notes on Haridwar Folk heroes
This chapter contains Great Folk Hero of Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Uttarkashi Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Chamoli Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Pauri Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Rudraprayag, Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Dehradun, Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Badalpur, Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Paino, Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Malla Badalpur, Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Lansdowne tehsil, Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Dehradun, Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Nayar valley Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Eastern Nayar Valley , Garhwal; Great Folk Hero of Satpuli region, Garhwal     

[Bhishma Kukreti]

            Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Kumaon

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Jagar of Kumaon-Garhwal –Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -39

Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Ballads of Bravery of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar, Uttarakhand –23 

                                         By: Bhishma Kukreti
                     
             Usually, Rajput had been brave fighters in Uttarakhand. However, Purukh Pant was a Brahmin Bhad (brave man).
               Bhuwas Pant fathered two sons –Maha Pant and Purukh Pant. Purukh Pant was brought in his maternal uncle home in his childhood. His forehead was wide and ear were as 'Soop'. There in the village of his maternal uncle, Purukh Pant used to look after herds of animals in Nimathi forest. There he used to lay with his friends who used to build small houses by stones and mud. Purukh Pant used to take buffalo milk directly from buffalo.

                 Chand King was the ruler of between Kali Ganga and Ram Ganga Rivers. The kingdom was big. Kafaliya of Hat used to pluck 'Kafal' fruits for the king. Dahlila people used to make baskets. Bhandaris were store keepers. Kanyal used to clean spikes. Mahar used to look after domestic animals.

       The King Narchand was a cruel king. To enter the court, a person had to salute the court dog. Nobody was allowed for performing the deity rituals and Pitar Shradh.   

         One day, Purukh Pant took his caws to Sundhunga forest.  Purukh Pant came back home without 'Gajali' caw. Purukh pant went back to forest for searching the lost caw. Purukh saw that the Dotiyal soldiers of the king taken the caw and tied there. Those soldiers too Purukh Pant to the king. The king ordered to cut the 'Choti' of Purukh and blacken the face. The king also ordered to cut the caw tail.

  Hopelessly, Purukh came back from the court. Purukh Pant was very angry on the king.  Purukh Pant took the vow to finish the king and kingdom.

   Purukh Pant collected Akoti, Gaida, Mahar, Kafaliya communities and founded an army. There were seven hundred army men with Purukh Pant.  The army of Purukh Pant made hard sticks by Ghingara, Clubs by Katauj. They took axes and Basula.  Lead by Purukh Pant, the army marched in night.

         They all took blessing from Malaynath temple. The surrounded the Rajkot hills. The army burnt the houses of Dotiyal soldiers. The dog of king started barking. The king ordered his army to slip big stones from top of Rajkot hill. Army did so. Purukh and his army had to flee. The King ordered to capture Purukh pant and also declared reward on the head of Purukh Pant. Nobody could find Purukh Pant.
  Purukh Pant changed his dressing and became as Jogi. In the form of Jogi, Purukh started campaign against the rule of King.

   Purukh went to his maternal uncle village. Purukh met his grandmother.  His grandmother did not recognize him but offered Kheer to Jogi on 'pattal' (leave plate). Purukh started taking kheer but Kheer came out from 'pattal'.  His grandmother told "You don't know to take Kheer and Purukh Pant does not know winning Seerakot."
              Purukh Pant asked the technique of winning Seerakot. His grandmother told that Purukh Pant should capture water source that armed forces die by thirst.
  Purukh Pant went to the capital Seerakot in jogi (sage) form. His fame was reached to the king. The king called Purukh Pant (Jogi). The king asked Purukh Pant (Jogi) to get something from him. Jogi form Purukh demanded water from water source for his Sandhya.  The king accepted the demand thinking that it would be only a liter or so.
   When the army went to take water from water source, the Jogi told that now, he was the owner of water source. Jogi asked money for water. Due to fear of cursing by Jogi, the king started paying money for water to Purukh Pant. This way Purukh Pant got money and again he built his huge army by that money from king.
  Now, the king understood that Jogi was Purukh Pant.

  Purukh pant attacked to king Narchand. Purukh pant won the war and became king.
  After some time, Purukh Pant went to Kedarnath temple. There, Bhotiya women cook were cooking meal for him. Purukh Pant insulted Bhotiya women.
F While returning from Kedarnath, for some reason Purukh Pant was alone. The widows of Chand king army men of Seerakot battle killed Purukh Pant by drawing him into pond.

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 29/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...40 
   
Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued...24   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Notes on Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Kumaon; Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Pithoragarh, Kumaon; Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Askot, Kumaon; Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Bageshwar, Kumaon; Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Champawat, Kumaon; Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Almora, Kumaon; Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Nainital, Kumaon; Purukh Pant: Folktale of a Courageous, Brave, Valiant Legend of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Irwan: Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Haridwar

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-41

Epic, Marathon, Classic, Impressive, Grand, Mahabharata Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand – 2 

                                         Bhishma Kukreti

         Irwan was the son of great Pandavas Arjun. His mother was Nagkanya Ulipi from Haridwar (Gangadwar in Mahabharata). Irwan was born and brought up in Haridwar by his mother Ulipi.
                 Irwan, the great son of Haridwar was great brave warrior and war magician. When Kurukshetra battle between Pandavas and Kauravas was just to begin, Pandavas called Irwan for their army.
                       Brave Acts of Irwan on seventh day of Kurukshetra Battle
                  The Kurukshetra battle was on its peak on seventh day.
Shakuni, his brothers and army of Gandhar were fighting bravely for King Duryodhana.  Shakuni and his army attacked on the army of Pandavas. Shakuni and his army broke the battle strategy of Pandavas and entered into Pandavas army. Irwan the brave hero of Haridwar came forward to protect the Shakuni army.
         Irwan motivated his army for attack on Shakuni army. Irwan and his army killed hundreds of Shakuni soldiers.  Subal (brother of Shakuni) was in rage seeing his soldiers being killed by Irwan and his soldiers.    Subal and his army besieged around army of Irwan. Subal and his soldiers started throwing arrows on brave Irwan. Irwan was deeply injured. Courageous Irwan did not lose his conscious and control. Irwan threw arrows on Subal and his soldiers. Daring Irwan took his sword out and started killing Subal's soldiers. Irwan wanted to kill sons of Subal. Irwan killed sons of Subal and Subal barring prince Brishabh.
       When Duryodhana saw t Irwan killing strong soldiers of Shakuni, he went to Alambush demon. Alambush was angry on Bhimsen who killed Bakasur demon. Alambush demon was very strong and was great magician too. Duryodhana ordered Alambush demon to kill Irwan.
  Alambush demon came near to Irwan. Both killed each other's soldiers by magic. Both Irwan and demon lost their army. Irwan and Alambush started wrestling. Both were great magician and were fighting in reality and by magic power too. Irwan injured Alambush many times. Irwan cut the body parts of Alambush but the parts regenerated immediately.
        Alambush threw magic power on Irwan. Irwan stopped that dangerous attack by his magic. One big snake along with army of snakes from Haridwar came to protect Irwan.  All snakes encircled Irwan to protect him.    Alambush changed his body into great Eagle. The magical eagle ate all snakes. Now, Alambush beheaded Irwan by his magical sword. Irwan died in Kurukshetra battle fighting for his father.           
   Irwan is great folk hero of Haridwar.


Reference: Mahabharata, Bhishma Parva 331   
Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 30/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...42 
Epic, Marathon, Classic, Impressive, Grand, Mahabharata Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued...3 
   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
Notes on Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Kankhal, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Laksar, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Subhashgarh, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Roorkee, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Mohand, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Biharigarh,  Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Sakrauda, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Bhgawanpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Jabarhera, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Manglaur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Pathri,  Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Sultanpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Jwalapur,  Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Alipur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Badshahpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Pitpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Bhogpur, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Alawaipur, Haridwar Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Narsan, Haridwar; Mahabharata Folktale, Folk Hero from Chhapar, Haridwar; 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
   हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ   
    सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं 

                                     उत्तराखंड कु  विकास से अक्षर ज्ञान

                          चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )

क - कैको विकास ? क्यांको, कैकुण विकास? कखौ विकास?
ख पैल लखनऊ मा अर अब देहरादून माँ खूब खड़कु -दड़कु /खड़को -दड़को हौर जगा खारु-खरपट
ग-गुदखैऋ (इर्ष्या ) को विकास
घ- ग्यूं बि खत्याणा छन अर घाघरो बि उठ्युं च।
च -चकडैत चोर चकचुन्दरों जन जनता तैं चौतरफी चकच्यौणा त छैं छन
छ -भौतुन छंछोळ (भेद लेना ) पण यु विकास कना हरच धौं!
ज- इलाहाबाद बिटेन जंक जोड़ से विकास तैं जनक्याणो बुलायाँ त छन!
झ- देखिक त लगणु च क्वी झझकू (प्रेतवाधा ) लगी गे। दिल्लि बिटेन झाड़ ताड़ वाळ बुलायुं त छें च धौं!
ट -टंगट्यपाळि (चालु काम ) तैं सैत विकास बुलदन तबि त स्यु विकास टुटगाँ /टोटकु पड्यु च।
ठ -ठग्गू न ठग अर जनता मा ठमसाट (असंतोष ). ठिका अर ठेकेदारी विकासोनुमुख च।
ड -डोखरौं (खेत ) मा सट्यूं जगा मळसु  (घास) फुळणु च। धरम करम कि डंडलि सजीं च। डाम  डामणा छन।
ढ -ढंट ढंटणा छन। नेता लोग ढंड करंदेर ह्वे गेन।
त -लोग तरसणा छन अर अधिकारि तस्मैं  (खीर ) घटकणा छन।
थ - विकास का अस्वासन अब थंवार (दिलासा ) नि दींदन उल्टां थिनकै(रुलाना) दींदन।
द - विकास माने द्वाळेण (अटकना ,उलझना ,  विलम्ब  होना )
ध -ध्वकादारि मा छौसठ साल बीति गेन अगनै बि बीति जाला।
न -विकासौ नक्क -छक्क छ क्या च ?
प - परथारि (उधार ) की तकनीक से बि विकास हूंद?
फ -फ्युंद्यानाथुं क मकान देखिक त लगणु च कुछ त ह्वाइ च।
ब- बांज पुंगड़ देखिक समजि ल्यावो क्या ह्वे ह्वालो
भ - भत्याभंग त ह्वाइ छैं च
म - घुतडु  बुबा जीक मन्यौडर अब नि आंदन . इंटरनेट से पैसा ट्रांसफर ह्वे जांदन।
य -यख क्या च शहर जौंला
र -अधिकारी अर नेता हम तैं रिंगांणा रौंदन।
ल - ब्यलो  पावर्टी लाइन का कार्ड  लीण वाळु  लंगत्यार तो द्याखो।
व- विकास अब विकोड़णु  (उपहास के लिए मुंह विचकाना) रौंद   .
स - अब हम वकास का सस्यौणम (लालच ) मा नि आंदा।
ह -हथजुडै च कि अब विकास कि छ्वीं नि लगैयाँ। भौत सुणि याल भौत देखि आल। 



 

         

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