Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Khashadhipati of Kartripur, Kartipur, Kartikeynagar of Classical Age or Gupta Period   

History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) - Part 59   

Historical Aspects of Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-1   


(History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Rahul Sanstyankritan, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Satish Chandra Kala, Dr. Patiram, K.P. Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal, Om Chanda Handa)

                                                       By: Bhishma Kukreti

           Chandragupta I was the founder of Gupta Dynasty (320-550 BCE) of Patliputra Kingdom. His son Samudragupta (335-380 AD) extended the Gupta rule. 
   The 'Prayag Prashsti' of Samudragupta states that
समतट -डवाक -कामरूप -नेपाल -कर्त्रीपुरादि प्रत्यंतपतिभि: ..... सर्वकरादान करणप्रणाममागमनपारितोषित प्रचंडशासनस्य..... (समुद्रगुप्त का प्रयाग प्रशस्ति)
' Harshcharit' by Banbhatt, references of 'Devichandragupta natak', 'Kavyamimaansha' by Kanauj court poet Rajshekhar also refer Kartripur, Kartikeypur ruled by a Khashadhipati.
   
  Initially the historians as Raychaudhari suggested Kartripur as Kartarpur of Jalandhar and the rule of such Khashadhipati was supposed from Jalandhar to Kumaon. However the Lakhamandal changed the thinking.
  Now, it is believed that Khashadhipati of Kartripur ruled from east of Yamuna to west of Nepal that is some part of Garhwal and Kumaon and some part of Ruhelkhand.
                          Kartripur in Ancient time

               There are evidences of Kartripur (different names as Kartipur, Kartikeynagar) in ancient literature as in Ashtadhyayi of Panini. The Parvnaresh inscriptions (830AD) state-
कार्तिकेयपुरे निम्ब्सार्या बलाध्यक्ष लवचन्द्रकाशाद ... (पौरव नरेश अभिलेख )   
The Kanuaj court poet Rajshekhar (920) describes in 'Kavyameemansa' that Kartikeypur as the Himalayan cave place where Kinnars sing sweet songs.
    Lalitshur and Pattabh inscriptions show Kartikeypur with Antrag, Tankanpur, Badrikashram, Tapovan, Badrikashram, Yoshika, Garudashram, Palsari, Vishnuganga. That shows that present Joshimath was Kartikeypur (Dr Dabral). However, B.D. Pandey criticizes this theory for other reasons. It seems that Kartripur, Kartipur; Kartikeynagar names are for one place (Dabral).

                          Contemporary kingdoms of Khashadhipati of Kartripur

       It seems that the kingdom of Ashvamedha performer kings was divided into two parts
1-Jayadasa of Lakhamandal region (west south Uttarakhand)
2-Kartikeypur or Kartripur that is Eastern Uttarakhand and later on the ruler might have taken shelter under Samudragupta. 
          Om Chanda Handa writes, "In the remote past when Katyuris were yet to appear on the political scene of Uttarakhand as the sovereign n rulers, Talihat should have remained a centre of the unknown political powers, about which stray and vague indications are available." (2009, Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand, page 184)
  However vague information is available for complete knowledge.
                           Khashadhipati of Kartripur

   Dabral wrote the historical details of Khashadhipati of Uttarakhand on the basis of Harshcharit, Devichandraguptanatak, Kavyameemansha, and Sajjan inscriptions   (while Dr Handa mentions the history very briefly) as-

              After death of King Samudragupta, Ramgupta/Sharmgupta the son of Samudragupta attacked on Himalayan tribe chief Shakanarsh-Khashadhipati. Ramgupta took his wife Dhruvswamini with him on the campaign.   When Ramgupta reached to Kartikeynagar, Khashadhipati blocked a narrow road for Ramgupta returning from Kartikeypur.
         According to a saying, Ramgupta put a pact note before Khashadhipati. Khashadhipati asked Dhruvswamini the wife of Ramgupta in turn of freeing the road for Ramgupta.    Ramgupta gifted his wife Dhruvswamini to Khashadhipati and returned from Kartikeypur.
            Another saying states that when Ramgupta was ready to gift his wife to Khashadhipati, Chandragupta (younger brother of Ramgupta) went to Khashadhipati as Dhruvswamini along with his soldiers in women dresses. Chandragupta killed Khashadhipati. This way Gupta captured the territory of Khashadhipati.
Later on Chandragupta killed his elder brother Ramgupta, married Dhruvswamini and became King of Patliputra.
The king Khashadhipati was a Shaka but his subject was Khasa.
Rahul Santyakritan states that Kartikeypur must be Joshimath.

                             Time Period of Khashadhipati
   The time period of Khashadhipati seems to be 350- to 381AD.
               
                         Gupta Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar

      Gupta ruled over some part of Uttarakhand and Haridwar from Chandragupta time (376 AD onwards).
The fort at Mangalaur   , Haridwar built by king Mangal Sen threw some light on Gupta rule on Sahranpur and part of Haridwar. Mangal Sen was a regent of Gupta Empire (Samudragupta).

        Missing Historical Links of Khashadhipati of Uttarakhand


There are many historical links of Khashadhipati missing and it is difficult to calculate the numbers of regent of Gupta Empire in Haridwar, Garhwal and Kumaon.



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 31/05/2013


(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -60
Historical Aspects of -Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas to be continued...2 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

          Kusuma Kolin Jagar Gatha: a Folk Tale-Folksong depicting Krishna Loving a Weaver Girl

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-42

Love Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Love, Adoring, Affection, Fondness, Liking from Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand – 1 

                                         Bhishma Kukreti

  There are many love folk songs in Haridwar, Garhwal and Kumaon.  There have been love folk tales from ancient era as Shakuntala-Dushyant love tale, Mahabharata time as Arjun –Ulipi love story, Bhim-Hidamba love tale, Krishna's love stories in this region. There are tens of love stories of medieval era and post medieval era.
  The present folk love story is related to Krishna who fell in love with a Kolin-Kusuma.

         कुमाऊं, गढ़वाल ,हरिद्वार  की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -42     

                    कुमाऊं ,  हरिद्वार, गढ़वाल , की प्रणय  गाथाएँ -1
                            कृष्णा और कुसुम कॉलिन प्रेम गाथा
                                   (सन्दर्भ: डा गोविन्द चातक )
नेडु धोरू ऐगी पूस की मकरैण
तब जांदी कुसुमा मकरैणी नहैण
मकरैण नहेण जांदी जमुना का छाला
एक हात लेंदी चाँदी का लोट्या
एक हात लेंदी अंगिया धोती
तबी पैट्या कृष्ण भगीवान जुमना नहेण
माथ्या छाला नहेंदी छ कुसुमा कोलेण
तलि छाला नहेंद कृष्ण भगवान
कंचन देइ छै कुसुमा कोलेण
रूप की खजानी छई विगरौ की निसाणी
वींकी गोरी आतमा छै नौण सी कोंगळी
आग सी आंखी छई दीप जनि जोत
नहेंदी धुयेंदी स्या कुसुमा , टूटीगे एक लट
बगदी -बगदी पौंछि कृष्ण का धोरा
देखे कृष्णा सोवन की लटा
भगवान को मन मोहित ह्वेगे चित ह्वे चंचल
हेरद फ़रद भगवान तब कना बैन बोद -
कैकी स्युंदोली की या सोवन लट होलि
इनि इंका लट होलि अफु कन होली
वा त होली रूप की आंछरी
A Kolin (weaver) girl Kusuma went to take bath into Yamuna.
Kusuma was taking bat at one bank into Yamuna.
Far away, Krishna was taking bath into Yamuna.
Kusuma was the most beautiful woman of valley Yamuna
A hair of Kusuma flew towards Krishna in Yamuna.
Krishna saw the golden hair flowing in Yamuna.
Krishna thought if the hair is so beautiful the woman must be beautiful.
Krishna went in search of the woman.
Searching, Krishna reached to Kusuma's place.
Kusuma recognized Krishna and asked," how come you reached to a weaver house?"
Krishna told that she was in love with her.
Krishna asked about her husband. Kusuma replied that her husband gone to Indralok.
Krishna stayed at  night there with Kusuma.
Her husband heard the sound of Kusuma.
In morning her husband was just to reach there that a cock started cockling.
Krishna heard the sound of cock and hid below turmeric plant.
Husband of Kusuma could not search Krishna.
Krishna blessed the cock for crest.
Krishna blessed turmeric plant would be worshipped in every auspicious ritual.




Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 31/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...43 
Love Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Love, Adoring, Affection, Fondness, Liking from Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon ( Uttarakhand ) to be continued...2 
   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Kumbh Mela (fair): The Epic and Folk Tales about Reason behind Kumbh Mela

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-43

Epic, Marathon, Classic, Impressive, Grand, Mahabharata Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand – 3 

                                         Bhishma Kukreti

            Kumbh Mela is celebrated in Haridwar after every year and 'ardh kumbh' after every six years.
          Huen sang (Xuanzang) a Chinese traveler travelled India at the time of Harshavardhan (590-647); he visited Haridwar and watched Kumbh fair in Haridwar. 
              Shrimad-Bhagvatam and Skandpuran Purans narrate the story behind celebrating Haridwar Kumbh fair and festival. There was fierce fight between deities and demons. The demon king defeated deity king Indra.
               Deities reached to lord Vishnu for help. Lord Vishnu suggested that demons and deities should churn ocean milk for getting 'Amrit' (nectar), Demons became ready.
               Churning of ocean milk by demons and deities started with the help of Mandrachal Mountain as blender and great snake as rope.
            By churning the ocean milk there emerged many opulent materials. Then ocean generated (Amrit Kumbh) a pitcher of nectar.
         There was fierce fight for Amrit (nectar0) among demons and deities. The fight continued for twelve days. From time to time of fighting some of Amrit (nectar) spilled in four places -Nasik (Maharashtra), Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh), Prayag (Uttar Pradesh) and Haridwar (Uttarakhand). Therefore, due to auspiciousness Kumbh meal (Kumbh festival) is celebrated in these places after every twelve year.  Ardh Kumbh is celebrated in Haridwar and Prayag only.
             Kumbh Mela is celebrated at different places depending upon position of planet Jupiter (Brihaspati). When sun is in Simha planet Kumbh is celebrated in Nasik. When sun is on Vrihschik Rashi, Kumbh Mela is celebrated in Ujjain. When sun is on Makar Rashi, Kumbh mela is celebrated in Prayag.
  When sun is in Aquarius (Kumbh rashi) Kumbh is celebrated in Haridwar.



Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 31/5/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...44 
Epic, Marathon, Classic, Impressive, Grand, Mahabharata Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued...4 
   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
Notes on the Epic and Folk Tales from Uttarakhand about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Haridwar about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Pithoragarh about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Champawat about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Bageshwar about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Almora about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Nainital about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Udham Singh Nagar  about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Pauri Garhwal about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Dehradun about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Uttarkashi about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Tehri Garhwal about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Chamoli Garhwal about Reason behind Kumbh Mela; Epic and Folk Tales from Rudraprayag about Reason behind Kumbh Mela

[Bhishma Kukreti]

ढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
   हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ   
    सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं 

                                     अतिथि तुम कब जाओगे?

                          चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )

  अतिथियों ! ह्याँ बस कारो।  साल छै मैना कुण तुम अपण हवा पाणि बदलणो  ऐ छ्या अर तुमन  त इखाक ही  हवा पाणि बदली दे अर जाणों नाम इ नि लीणा छंवां। अब  दुन्या भराs लोग तुम तैं घर मालिक अर हम तैं पौण समजणा छन।
  हे अपसंस्कृति जनमाण वळि अतिथि ! अंग्रेजुं दगड तू  ऐ छे हमन समज एकाद सालम तु चलि जैलि पण   हम तै क्या पता छौ  कि तू   हमर खाण -पीणो - सीणो  -द्यो दिवता पुजणो, बुलणो ढंग, भाषा , लारा पैरणो,अदब दीणो रिवाज अदि जगा बैठी गे अर हमर अपणि संस्कृति जनमाण वळि ध्याणि कुज्याण कखि कचरा या गूवक ढेर मा बैठीं च  धौं। अर हम तैं पता   बि नी कि वा बचीं बि च कि ना अर बचीं च त कैं हाल मा च !   त्वै तैं त हमन रखैल जन द्वी चार दिनों जगा दे छे अर तू त घरवळि  हि बौणि गे।

  अब जन कि होंद इ च बल ग्युं दगड़ घूण अर दाळु दगड़ टेर बि ऐ अंग्रेजुं प्राशासनौ  दगड  लाल फीता  बि आयि। प्रशासन त अंग्रेजुं दगड़ सटगि ग्यायि अर हे लालफीताशाही नामौ पौण  तीन त इखि भारतम अड्डा इ नि जमै बलकणम अपुण मकड़जाळ ग्राम प्रधानो अर पटवार्युं बस्तौं तक फ़ैलै याल अर हमम ए लालफीताशाही मकड़जाळ तुड़णो क्वी तरीका नी च। हे  लालफीताशाही ! त्यरो मकड़जाळ तोड़णो बान हम रोज संविधान या बाइ लौजों (उप नियमों ) मा बदलाव करणा रौंदा पण ऊल्टा यु नयो नियम लालफीताशाही को नयो मकड़जाळ पैदा करी दींदो। अब त भैर देसाक विद्वान् बि मजाक करदन बल इंग्लिश ब्रौउट रेड टेपिज्म ऐंड इंडियन्स परफेक्टेड इट। पौण त द्वी तीन दिनों होंद तू त इख तीन सौ साल से हमर छत्ति मा हमर ही जमा कर्यां  पत्थर पिसणि छे। 

हे भ्रष्टाचार नामौ अतिथि ! ऐ त तू गेस्ट आर्टिस्ट तरां ऐ छौ पण अब त सरा फिल्मों हरेक सीन मा तू ही तू छायूँ छे। फिलम मा बिचारा हौर क्वी कलाकार हि नि दिखेणु च। अंग्रेजुं जमन मा हम भारतीयोन बि स्वाच कि जब ब्रिटिश लोग भारत तैं लुटणा इ छन त हम बि भारत तै लूटी लींदा अर तब हमन थ्वड़ा देरौ कुण त्वै भ्रस्टाचार तै गेस्ट अपीयरेंस का वास्ता बुलै छौ।  अर अब यी हाल छन कि गेस्टन (मेहमानन ) सरा कूड़ पर कब्जा करी आल अर होस्ट (घौरवाळ ) मेमानौ चाकरी बजाणु च।


हे  मेहमानों !  अबि भारत छोड़ो हमन कै  दिन तुमारो मुख पर म्वास ना गू -मूत लपोड़ि दे तो फिर हम फर मेमानो बेज्जती करणों अभियोग नि लगैन हाँ !
हे पौणो ! अबि बि बगत च सीधी तरां से जावो निथर कै दिन हमन तुम तै खुले आम जुत्याण शुरू करी दे तो हम फर तुम तुम तै जूत्याणो  भगार नि लगैन हाँ !
हे मेहमानों ! कै दिन गुस्सा मा हमन तुम तैं नंगी कौरिक रस्तों मा घसीटण शुरू करी दे तो हम पर अमानवीयता का अपराध नि लगैन  हाँ!
हे अतिथियों ! अबि बि चेति जावो कखि हमन तुम तैं बीच चौराहों पर फांसी दीण शुरू करी दे तो हम फर निर्दयी होणो लांछन नि लगैन  हाँ!
हे अतिथियों ! अब जावो ! निथर कै दिन हमन ल्वाड़ोन तुमारि  कुलि फ़ोड़ी दे तो फिर हम पर दोष नि लगैन हाँ ।
हे अतिथियों जावो ! अबि बि बगत च। कै दिन हमन थमाळि  कुलाडि  उठाइ दे तो हम फर जघन्य हत्याओं अपराध नि लगैन हाँ?




Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  1/06/2013           
(लेख सर्वथा काल्पनिक  है )

[Bhishma Kukreti]

History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age

History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) - Part 60   

Historical Aspects of Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-2   


(History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Rahul Sanstyankritan, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Satish Chandra Kala, Dr. Patiram, K.P. Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal, Om Chanda Handa, Dinesh Saklani)

                                                       By: Bhishma Kukreti

                    Till Chandragupta Vikramaditya won Kartripur Uttarakhand was a free state.
                                       Brief History of Gupta Empire (320-550AD)
                   
                                               Chandragupta First (280-319)
                         (The dates vary as per historians and there is difference of 50years in many cases)               
    The first ruler of Gupta dynasty in Patliputra was tribal or prosperous man -Gupta. His son was Ghatotkacchh.  Their rule was limited to Magadha.
            Chandragupta first was son of Ghatotkacha (240-280). Chandragupta married to daughter of highly prosperous king Licchhvi family. By marrying with Licchhvi daughter, Chandragupta got fame, prosperity, diplomatic power and all strength.  His rule was consolidated to surrounding Magadha. Chandragupta started Gupt Sanvat from 319-320AD.

                                                 Samudragupta Prakramanka (335-380)

  Chandragupta handed over his rule to his most capable son Samudragupta.  Samudragupta included nine states of Madhyadesh and expanded his rule to west part of Yamuna.  Samudragupta expanded his rule to Samtat, davak, Kamrup, Nepal, Kartripur, Malav, Arjunayan, yauyedheya, Madrak, Aabhir, Prarjun, Sankanik, Kak, Kharpadik, republicans. Samudragupta also won Madhyadesh, Mahakaushal, Mahakantar and Kalinga.
                 Many south kings up to Krishna river basin used to offer taxes to Samudragupta.       
                             Samudragupta had smooth and military diplomatic relationship with Sri Lanka kingdom.
Personality of Samudragupta: Samudragupta was a strategic warrior, talented military leader and had vision. By body, Samudragupta was strong man. Samudragupta was cruel with enemies and soft with common men. Samudragupta was  art, literature and music lover. 
Samudragupta placed his gold coins. He got titles of Ashwamedhaparakrama, Rajadhiraj, Digvijay dhari, Vajimedha etc.
Samudragupta had big families and he lived for long as he had grandchildren too in his life time.

                                            Ramgupta

  Ramgupta was eldest son of Samudragupta and he was crowned.
       From Uttarakhand history point of view Ramgupta has importance.  Ramgupta attacked Kartripur and lost the battle. For his life he was ready to exchange his wife Dhruvswamini. His younger brother Chandragupta killed Kartripur chieftain, killed his brother Samudragupta, married his Bhabhi Dhruvswamini and took over Gupta kingdom. Ramgupta placed copper coins.

                                       Chandragupta second 'Vikramaditya'

     Chandragupta took the title 'Vikramaditya'.
  Chandragupta Vikramaditya not only expanded his rule in far western India, foreign parts of north-west India and Gujarat regions but   also ruled with power, discipline and grace. Chandragupta Vikramaditya shifted his capital to Ujjain from Patliputra.  Chandragupta Vikramaditya also sub judged Sindhu desh.
New Vikramaditya calendar: Chandragupta started new Hindu Samvat calendar.
Nine Learned Persons in Chandragupta II court:  There were famous nine learned persons in Vikramditya court. Kalidasa was one those learned persons.

                                          Kumargupta

    Kumargupta was eldest son of Chandragupta. He ruled for forty two years. Kumar Gupta assumed the title 'Mahendraditya'. There was peace in his time and he did not expand his territory. Kumargupta was decent personality and believed on truth, pardon, economical punishment, firmness, cleanness, patience, self awareness, mind-intellect etc.
           Kumargupta performed Ashwamedha Yagya for consolidation the kingdom and not for expansion. He supported art, literature and music.
There was attack from Pushyamitra of Narmada, South. His son Skandgupta diffused the attack. 
                           
                                   Skandagupta

  Skandagupta was brave as his grandfather Chandragupta. Skandagupta diffused many rebellion attacks against Gupta Empire in his father time. .
Huna attacked on Gupta Empire in his time. He was successful up to certain extent to slow down the speed of Huna. Skandagupta defeated Huna attacks perhaps near North West region.
Skandagupta had grace personality.

                             Punyagupta (467-473)

   Skandagupta did not have any issue. His younger brother sat on the crown after death of Skandagupta.  From his time the decline of Gupta Empire started. The other Gupta kings were Kumargupta II (473-476), Budhagupta (476-495?), Narsinghgupta, Kumargupta III, Vishnugupta,  Vinayagupta and Bhanugupta.

                    Military Organization of Gupta Empire
           
  Guptas depended heavily on infantry archers and bows.
Gupta had knowledge of siege craft, catapults and other war machines. By an estimate, Chandragupta Gupta had five lakhs infantry, fifty thousand cavalry, twenty thousand charioteers, ten thousand elephants in his army.

                                          Administration of Gupta Empire
 
There was hierarchy in Gupta Empire administration. The kingdom was divided into 26 provinces. Provinces were divided into Vishaya governed by Vishaypati. Vishayapati had adhikari or officers.

                                 Art and Culture

  Gupta Period is called Golden period for art, culture, music and literature. Scholars as Harishen, veersen, Vatsbhatt, Vasuli, Ravishanti, Matrigupta, Bhritmenth, Shudrak, Amrsing were scholars of this time
Kalidasa is famous literature creator of Gupta period.
Varahmhira and Aryabhatt types of astrologers were born in this time. Astrology, mathematics was on its peak. Zero was discovered in this time.
Six of Indian philosophy books were created at this time.
Tens of great Buddhist scholars and Jain scholars created great literature in Gupta period.
Ayurvedic surgery got its prominence in this time. 
Architecture, wall paintings, cave shrine arts, were also on its peak in Gupta period.
There is no doubt that for India Gupta Age was 'Classical period'.
Though, the state of Gupta kings was secular Hindu sects were dominating sects.

         
                                                      Uttarakhand in Gupta Empire
Mandsaur (MP) inscriptions speak that Kumargupta ruled over Uttarakhand. Till Skandagupt, the chieftains of Uttarakhand were under Gupta regime. The copper inscription of indoor Bulandshahar state that Sarvnag was Vishaypati (administrator) of Yamuna-Ganges Doab.
                          Shilpkar (Craftsmen) of Uttarakhand in Gupta Period
Rahul Santyakritan states that a couple of Iron pillars of Gupta period, especially Iron pillar of Delhi were manufactured and erected by Craftsmen of Uttarakhand.  That shows that metallurgy in Uttarakhand was on its well developed stage.

                                 Haridwar (Mayapur) in Gupta Empire Age
         J.S. Mishra categorically states that well planned arrangement for Kumbh Mela in Haridwar celebration started from Gupta period but there are not records to prove so (2004, Mahakumbh, page-17) .
O.P Singh mentions about Madwar Dynasty in Mayapur (near Haridwar) in post Gupta time referring Hiuen Sang travelogue after Gupta Age (1983, The Himalaya, nature, man and culture, page 291). That shows that Madwar would be a strong republican under Gupta regime. 
    Imperial gazette (1908-1938) states that there was a 'smrat; 0governer Mangal Sen of Gupta King who built a fortress in Manglaur (Haridwar).

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 1/06/2013


(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -61
Historical Aspects of -Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas to be continued...3 

Notes on History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Garhwal,  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Tehri Garhwal,  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Uttarkashi Garhwal,  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Rudraprayag Garhwal,  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Chamoli Garhwal,  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Kotdwara , Lansdowne Garhwal,  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Pauri Garhwal,  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Dehradun Garhwal,  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Kumaon   (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Pithoragarh Kumaon   (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Bageshwar Kumaon   (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Champawat Kumaon   (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Almora Kumaon   (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Nainital Kumaon   (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon   (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Tarai Bhabhar Kumaon   (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Haridwar  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Kankhal Haridwar  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Jwalapur Haridwar  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Maglaur Haridwar  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Mohand Haridwar  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Roorkee Haridwar  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Sultanpur Haridwar  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age; History of Har ki Faidi (Paidi) Haridwar  (Uttarakhand) in Gupta Empire Age;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Suju ki Sunari Jagar Gatha: Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-44

Love Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Love, Adoring, Affection, Fondness, friendliness, Liking from Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon (Uttarakhand) – 2 

                                         Bhishma Kukreti

                    There are two types of Jagar Gatha/Folk Songs/Lyrical folk Tales/Poetic Folk Stories about Krishna in Garhwal and Kumaon.
        First type of lyrical folk stories from Garhwal and Kumaon are derived from Pauranic or Mahabharata base. These poetic folk tales may be love stories related to Krishna or versed traditional stories related to diplomatic, strategy making power or divine power of Krishna. The poetic love folk narrations about love by Krishna or love for Krishna are colored into local culture of Kumaon and Garhwal.
                The second type of rhythmical folk stories or traditional poetic fictions about love by Krishna or love for Krishna by other woman are purely created by local folks and these folk songs are definitely in local cultural customs and styles.
  The following love folk song related to Krishna is created by Nathpanth local Jagri and shadow of philosophy of Nathpanth as the song narrates about Kabir, Dadu, Kamal types of Sufi philosopher. The important aspect of this traditional song from Garhwal, Kumaon is that   the female character is from untouchable caste (Goldsmith). Krishna calls the husband of his lover as 'elder brother'. That also show the social structure in Kumaon and Garhwal where untouchable aspect persisted but the inhabitants of both societies had bondage.
           
        कुमाऊं, गढ़वाल ,हरिद्वार  की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -44   
                    कुमाऊं ,  हरिद्वार, गढ़वाल , की प्रणय  लोक गाथाएँ -2 
                              सूजू की सुनारी
                     (सन्दर्भ: डा गोविन्द चातक )
तै सोवन द्वारिका रंद होला कृष्ण भगवान
राणियो को रौन्सिया छया फुलूँ का हौंसिया
रातरू होंदि थोड़ा , सुपिना होंदा भौति
भगवानन सुपिना मा देखे सूजू की सुनारी
नौ गज धौमेली देखि , चूड़ियों भरी हाती
आज जसि आंखी देखी , धौळी जसी माँग
रंग की रावली सुनारी विरह वावली।
xx x               xxx
कनकैक जि  सुनारी , द्वारिका बुलौलो
तब भगवान मंनसूबा ठाणदा , मंत्र  गंठ्योदा
बीती गै रैणि कांठ्यो आई गै घाम -
तै द्वारिका वो धावड़ी लगौंद -
तब द्वारिका बैठी गे घणी सभा
कबीर कमाल बैठिन सुखीर दाद
पंचनाम दिवतौं से कृष्णा बोल्दा
सुणीयाला देवताओ, सुपिना की बात -
मैन गुजराती हिंडोला देखी , फटिंगू का खंब
सबी कुछ पैदा होंदी सोनू कखन आलो?
नाथ की लगदी ये ठाकुर मा बोली -
हे भगवान जन्देऊ मान्यन गर्दनी मालीक
फटिंगू का खंब बणौला चांदी की चौकी
पर सोनो कखन आलौ

                Once in Dwarika, in dream, Lord Krishna saw beautiful goldsmith woman Sunari of Suju. Suju was husband of Sunari. Krishna fell in love for Sunari in dream.  When Krishna awoke, he did not find beautiful Sunari who ha attractive long hair and was with attractive bangles on her hands.

  Lord Krishna called his court. There were great saints as Kabir, Dadu and Kamal in the court of Krishna in Dwarika. Krishna said to   his court scholars and administrators," I saw Guajarati gold Hindola in dream. I would like to have same type of Gold Hindola."
  The administrators sent servants in search of gold in Dwarika. Then the question of competent Goldsmith arose. Krishna told that there was excellent goldsmith named Suju in Sujlikot. They invited Suju goldsmith.  Sunari the wife of goldsmith became ready to go with Suju for Dwarika.
  When Sunari and Suju reached Dwarika, Krishna saluted, respected Suju as elder brother and Sunari as Bhabhi (wife of elder brother).
  Suju started constructing Hindola. Sunari used to sit there. Krishna also used to sit there.  Krishna thought that Sunari was beautiful as he saw in dream. Krishna used to see her with affection and Sunari also responded with affection, Suju was angry but could not express his anger.
In evening Suju beat his wife Sunari.
Krishna wanted to teach Suju a lesion. 
Krishna broke the under construction Hindola by his magical rice grains. Krishna ordered to kill Suju as punishment. Sunari requested not to kill her husband. Krishna asked Sunari to live in her Harem after the death of her husband. Sunari told that Suju was her life.
Krishna became happy and told to Suju that he was making fun with Suju and Sunari.  Krishna offered great gifts for both and sent them back to Sujlikot with due respect.
           


Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 1/06/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...45 
Love Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Love, Adoring, Affection, Fondness, friendliness, Liking from Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon ( Uttarakhand ) to be continued...3 
   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
Chapter contains notes on Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Haridwar, Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Dehradun Garhwal Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Uttarkashi Garhwal Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Rudraprayag Garhwal Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Pauri Garhwal Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon  Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Pithoragarh Kumaon  Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Champawat Kumaon  Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Bageshwar Kumaon  Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Almora Kumaon  Uttarakhand; Jagar, Folk Song, Lyrical Folk Story about Krishna' Love for a Goldsmith Woman from Nainital Kumaon  Uttarakhand.

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Purana/Epic Folk Story of Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside   

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-45

Epic, Marathon, Classic, Impressive, Grand, Mahabharata Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand – 4 

                                         Bhishma Kukreti

             There are many folk stories around Haridwar (Gangadwar, Mayapuri, or Kapila) till date.  One of the epic or Purana folk story is very popular about Hari-Ki-Faidi (Paidi). Hari means supreme god and Faidi or Paidi means the foot or foot prints.
      Shwet was great king. King Shwet was great devotee of Brahma. He performed Hard 'Tapa' (penance) for Brahma for many centuries at Hari –ki –Faidi (Paidi) at the bank of Ganges at Haridwar. Lord Brahma became pleased to the Tap of his devotee Shwet. Lord Brahma offered boon to Shwet. Shwet asked that Brahma should reside with lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu at Hari-Ki-Faidi (Paidi). Lord Brahma granted the wish of his great devotee Shwet. Thereafter, three lords Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside at Hari-Ki- Paidi (Faidi). The Hari-Ki -Faidi is also called Brahmkund. Devotees take dip in the Ganges water at Hari-Ki- Paidi (Faidi) or Brahmkund at Haridwar for getting blessing of three lords Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.  Hari-Ki-Faidi is the place where the Amrit (nectar) spilled from Sagar Manthan  (Ocean Milk Churning)between demons and deities.


Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 1/06/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...46 
Epic, Marathon, Classic, Impressive, Grand, Mahabharata Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued...5 
   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
This chapter contains Purana/Epic Folk Story from Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Jwalapur, Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Kankhal, Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Roorkee Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Mohand, Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Sultanpur, Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Pathri, Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Bhagwanpur, Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Manglaur Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Biharigarh, Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside; Purana/Epic Folk Story from Laksar Haridwar about Hari ki Paidi Haridwar: Where Lords -Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva reside.

[Bhishma Kukreti]

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य
सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी
   हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ   
    सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं 

                              गावास्कर जी ! कपिल जी ! कुछ  तो ब्वालो  !

                      चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती
(s = आधी अ )

  जब गाँ-गौळम (समाज ) क्वी सामजिक बबंडर खड़ो ह्वे जावो तो दान मनिख , सयाणा लोग, पूज्य लोग टिप्पणी दींदन अर राय बि दींदन बस लोभी अर मंगत्या -भिकारी इ इ चुप रौंदन।
जब समाज मा कुछ कारणों से शरमनाक घटना घटि जावो तो लोगुं तैं ढाढस दीणो बान पूज्य , धीर , सांसदार (साहसी) लोग ही अगनै आंदन अर लोगुं तैं  अग्वाड़ी बढ़नो बान उत्साहित करदन।  बस  अपमार्गी , अपयश्क/अपजसी  , टिड्वा/अपमुखी, अफखवा,अपार्जित ,कायर ,अपरती -स्वार्थी लोग ही गावास्कर जी, कपिल जी ,अनिल कुंबले आद्युं जन वर्ताव करदन अर ख़ास बगत पर मुख पर म्वाळ लगांदन।
आज आइपीऐल अर भारतीय  क्रिकेट संसार मा जुवा , जनता से -दर्शकों से धोकाधड़ी, एकाधिकार को खुलेआम नंगा नाच होणु च तो हमारा क्रिकेट भगवान सुनील गावास्कर , कपिल देव, अनिल कुंबले अर हौर छ्वट -म्वट दिबतौं से हम उम्मीद करणा छया कि हौर कुछ न हम भक्तो मा इन ही बोलि दींदा कि जू भि होणु च वो ठीक नी होणु च।

                दिवतौं जन पूज्य सुनील गावास्कर की कमेट्री मा एक सफाईगोइ  होंद , एक कडुवा सच बि रौंद, दगड़ मा अग्वाडि बाटो बि रौंद पण गावास्कर जी ! जब हम सवा सौ करोड़ लोगुं तैं ये क्रिकेट-प्रपंच , -ठगी को क्रिकेट   ,आडम्बर युक्त क्रिकेट, क्रिकेट प्रध्वंसी खेल, का बारा मा आप सरीखा भगवान का द्वी बोल की जरूरत छे तो आप बीसीसीआई (क्रिकेट कंट्रोल बोर्ड ) का खरीदा गुलाम , बीसीसीआई का बंधवा नौकर, बीसीसीआई का सेवक जन वर्ताव करणा छंवा? कख ग्यायि तुमारो वो  साहस जब आप दुनिया का खतरनाक से खतरनाक गेंदबाजों की गिंदी खिल्दा छय?हम भारतवास्यूंन तुमर अदम्य साहस, तागत , सबलता को बान तुम तैं दिबत़ा बणाइ, दिल मा जगा दे पण तुम तो बेदम , निरीह , दमखम हीन, कायर छंवां , भीरु छंवा, डरपोक छंवा जो बीसीसीआई की सात आठ करोड़ सालाना  आय/इनकम का लोभ का कारण  एकाध वाक्य बि नि बोल सकणा छंवां। क्या तुम तैं डौर च कि कखि तुमन बीसीसीआई का विरुद्ध एक शब्द बि ब्वाल तो तुमारी इनकम ख़तम ह्वे जाली ? क्या एक आइकॉन -लीडर का असली चरित्र यो ही होंद  ? इतिहास तुम तै बैटिंग का भगवान जरूर ब्वालल पण सुनील जी दगड़ मा कायर सुनील गावास्कर , डरपोक सुनील गावास्कर, भीरु सुनील गावास्कर, साहसहीन सुनील गावास्कर को तगमा भी अवश्य द्यालो।

    अहा इनि हमर एक हौर क्रिकेट पूज्य छन श्री कपिल देव जी। आज तलक भारतीयों दिल मा कपिल देव जी की छवि क्या छे ? कि दृढ कपिल देव, मानसिक तौर पर सबल कपिल देव,पराक्रमी कपिल देव,दुस्साहसी  कपिल देव , हिकमती  कपिल देव , निर्भीक कपिल देव, निडर कपिल देव। पण जब बारि आयि की कपिल देव  बीसीसीआई (क्रिकेट कंट्रोल बोर्ड ) की   कमजोर्युं बारा मा जादा ना सै इथगा तो ब्वालन कि जो भि होणु च वो गलत होणु च। पण नहीं ! कपिल देव तैं बि  इतिहास दम खिंचवा (खास वक्त चुप रहना )कपिल देव, दम खुश्की वळ कपिल देव (किसी कारण चुप रहना ) , दम चोर कपिल देव(जान बुझ कर चुप रहना ), दबैल -दब्बू कपिल देव, दमहीन -खमहीन कपिल देव ही ब्वालल।
अहा शेरो के शेर नवजोत  सिद्धू ! वाह मेरे मिट्टी  शेर ! कमेंट्री दींद दै त नवजोत सिद्धू महान वीर पुरुष गुरु गोविन्द सिंग जीका उधहरण कि ... बाज उड़ाऊं .. दींदा छया . पण सिद्धू जी !  क्रिकेट कंट्रोल बोर्ड का कुकर्मी कारनामाओं पर तुमर जिबळ पर म्वाळ किलै लग? हे बडबोले मिट्टी के शेर ! कख हर्ची तुमारि वा शेरदिल मर्दानगी ? हे लुत पुत माटो बाग़ !  बीसीसीआई (क्रिकेट कंट्रोल बोर्ड ) मा बैठ्याँ धूर्तों , चकडैतों , दगाबाजो बारा मा अब किलै ना  सिद्धू वाणी सुणाणा छंवा ? हे किदालु समान शेर ! तुम तै बि इतिहास आडम्बरी शेर नवजोत सिद्धू, कागज  का बाघ नवजोत सिद्धू , शेर की खाल मा  कायर नवजोत सिंग सिद्धू ही ब्वालल। तुम से तो भलो हमारो बिशन बेदी पा जी छन जौन खुले आम ब्वाल बल भारतीय क्रिकेट मा जो भि होणु च वो ठीक नी च होणु च. महान वीर पुरुष गुरु गोविन्द सिंग का असली चेला तो केवल बिशन  सिंग बेदी ही छन।
फिर हौर दिबतौं बारा मा क्या बुलण जब शीर्षस्थ  क्रिकेट खिलाड़ी  ही किदलु जन डरपोक , डराहुक , भीरतापूर्ण , भयपूर्ण , कायरपूर्ण, बुजदिलपूर्ण ,  व्यवहार कारल तो बकै रवि शास्त्री ,संजय मांजरेकर , शिव रामा कृष्णन, अरुण लाल जन क्रिकेटरों कि  क्या बिसात   कि वो क्रिकेट आकाओं का विरुद्ध एक शब्द बि ब्वालन।
जब समाज का सयाणा लोभी , लालची  , लिप्सायुक्त , डरपोक , चापलूस , चाकरविरती का ह्वे जावन तो समझी ल्यावो समाज का दुर्दिन चलणा छन।

       
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  2/06/2013           
(लेख सर्वथा काल्पनिक  है )

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature

History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) - Part 61   

Historical Aspects of Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-3   
Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature- part -1

(This History chapter up is dedicated to great historian Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Garhwali poet Sada Nand Jakhmola, Editor of Satyapath Lalita Prasad Naithani, Dr. Shiva Nand Nautiyal who did sound research on works of Kalidasa)

                                                       By: Bhishma Kukreti

                                   Life of Kalidasa
      Kalidasa was a great Sanskrit playwright and poet of Classical Age.  There is no precise knowledge about timing of Kalidasa but it is certain that Kalidasa created his literature between 4th and 6th century.  There is also speculation about birth place of Kalidasa.
  Kalidasa created following immutable literary works


                                            Plays by Kalidasa

Malavikagnimitram- The play is about the King Agnimitra fell in love with picture of exiled servant Malavika.

Abhigyanshakuntalam- The dram is based on the story of Mahabharata about the love between King Dushyanta and Shakuntala and denying by Dushyanta. Bharat was their son.

Vikramorvasiyam- The play is about the love story between King Pururavas and celestial nymph Urvasi. 

                                       Epics by Kalidasa
Kalidasa wrote two epics.
Raghuvansham- Raghuvansham is about story of King Raghu dynasty

Kumarsambhava- The story pertains the wedding of Parvati –Shiva and about their son Kartikey.

                       Khandkavya (Long Poetries) by Kalidasa

Kalidasa wrote two Khandkavya too.
Meghadoot- The story is about a Yaksha sending message to his lover through cloud.
Ritusamhara – The poet describes six seasons and the experiences of two lovers in each season.
  The style of Kalidasa is remarkable.

                     Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature

             After Mahabharata, the detailed descriptions about Uttarakhand are found in Kalidasa literature.

             Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) in Raghuvansham by Kalidasa

                In first part 9sarg0 of Raghuvansham, the Raghuvansh King Dilip reached to his family priest Vashistha's Ashram for getting blessing for son birth. The Ashram is at Gaurigaru (Parvati's father place). The mountain place is at the bank of Ganga. Dilip looks after grazing Nandini. There are cedar trees.
            Kalidasa describes Ashram of Vashistha in the last 48 Shlokas of first 'Sarg' of Raghuvansham Kalidasa describes Ashram of Vashistha in first 71 Shlokas of second Sarg of Raghuvansham.     
              Raghu King campaigns to attack on kings of Gaurigaru Mountain after winning Kamboj kings (Cambodian chieftains) in fourth Sarg of Raghuvansham. There is description of struggle of Raghu army against the armies of Mountain chieftains in this chapter of Raghuvansham.  The Mountain soldiers fight/resist with Raghu's soldiers by slipping stones and by other arms.
  Neither Mountain chieftains win nor Raghu. Both understood each other's power and weakness. The Mountain chieftains offered gifts to Raghu at his returning back from Himalaya (Uttarakhand) [Raghuvansham, 4/71-79]. 
                   

***Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature to be continued...part -2


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 2/06/2013


(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -62
Historical Aspects of -Classical Period of Haridwar -Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas to be continued...4 
Brief notes on Haridwar (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Uttarkashi Garhwal (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Tehri Garhwal (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Rudraprayag Garhwal (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Dehradun Garhwal (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature; Chamoli Garhwal (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Pithoragarh Kumaon  (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Bageshwar Kumaon (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Champawat Kumaon (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Nainital Kumaon (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Almora Kumaon (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham; Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon (Uttarakhand) in Kalidasa Literature-Raghuvansham.   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Garhwal -Kumaon

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-46

Love Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Love, Adoring, Affection, Fondness, friendliness, Liking from Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon (Uttarakhand) – 3 

                                         Bhishma Kukreti

          Krishna is famous for love story hero too.
The character Chandravali is sued different character in each Indian region, for example, in Telgu region, Chandravali is supposed to be sister of Radha and is married. In Garhwali version, Chandravali is sister of Rukmni who is wife of Krishna. In this Jagar Gatha, Chandravali is beautiful girl.

कुमाऊं, गढ़वाल ,हरिद्वार  की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर  -46   
                    गढ़वाल , कुमाऊं ,  हरिद्वार, की प्रणय  लोक गाथाएँ -3 
                       चन्द्रावली हरण जागर गाथा
(सन्दर्भ : डा हरी दत्त भट्ट शैलेश )
राणी रुक्मणी प्रभो इन बैन बोलदी -
सबू  से रूपवंती मेरी बैण चन्द्रावली
तब समझलू मै तुम रौतु को रौतेलो
जब बिवैक ल्याल मेरी बैणी चंद्रा
द्वारिका ठाकुर खरो दीलो आणों
तब मेरा नारैण कृष्ण पौंछेण लगैन
बतावा रुकमणी तुम खरो मनसूबो
कनकैक बिवै ल्योण तेरी बैण चंद्रा
तुम बणा भगवान बदरी का फेक्वाळ
तब जावा नारैण चंद्रावली गढ़
अपणी चाड़ी को कृष्ण ब्रम तिलक पैरी,
कृष्ण  तब बणी गैन फिक्वाळ
मातमी फिक्वाळ छंउ टीका पैन्याला चंदन
सुणी चंद्रान बोलण लैगे
जा दू स्वांरा चेली , टीको लौ परसाद
तब जांदी स्वांरा चेली फिक्वाळ का पास
तेरा हात चेली, मैं टीकू नी देंदु
टीका -परसाद द्यूलो राणी बौराणी
स्वांरी चेली जांदी चंद्रावली का पास
नी देंदु वो फेक्वाळ वो टीको चन्दन
राणी चंद्रावली तब बोलण लै गेन
वो फेग्वाळ नि छ , वो छ द्वारिका नारैण
    Rukmani inspires Krishna to marry her sister Chandravali.  Krishna takes the form of Brahmin to attract Chandravali.
In other place Krishna become a bangle seller to attract Chandravali. Once, Krishna becomes a poor boy to serve Chandravali.  At all places, Chandravali recognizes Krishna.
At last, Krishna takes the form of Rukmani and went to Chandravali. In Rukmani's appearance Krishna told Chandravali is now widow. Chandravali becomes sad. In night, Chandravali and Krishna sleeps together. However, Chandravali recognizes Krishna. Chandravali took the form of bug. Krishna changed his form as bee. Chandravali takes the fish form and enters into water. Krishna becomes sea cat. Krishna caught Chandravali and takes her to Yamuna. Krishna comes in his own form. Chandravali marries with Krishna.

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, 2/06/2013
Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...47 
Love Folklore, Folktales, Folk Stories of Love, Adoring, Affection, Fondness, friendliness, Liking from Haridwar,   Garhwal, Kumaon ( Uttarakhand ) to be continued...4 
   
Curtsey and references:
Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti         www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Uttarakhand; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Haridwar; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Pithoragarh Kumaon; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Bageshwar, Kumaon; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Dwarhat Kumaon; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Champawat Kumaon; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Nainital Kumaon; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Almora Kumaon; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Kotdwara Garhwal; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Yamkeshwar Garhwal; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Tehri Garhwal; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Dehradun Garhwal; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Chamoli Garhwal; Chandravali Haran Jagar: a Romantic Escapade of Krishna in religious Folk Song from Rudraprayag Garhwal.