Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                                                दीर्घाकार ट्रैवल एजेंसियों में वभिन्न विभाग व सूचनाओं का प्रसार

                                           Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency
                                                   ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार का सुचारु रूप से संपादन  - भाग -18   

                                Business Management of Travel Agency  in context Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development Part -18 



(Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series--76    ) 
                                                      उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 76   
 
                                                              लेखक : भीष्म कुकरेती  (विपणन व विक्री प्रबंधन विशेषज्ञ )

दीर्घाकार ट्रैवल एजेंसियों में निम्न मुख्य कार्यकी विभाग होते हैं -
१- मार्केटिंग या विपणन विभाग
२-  विक्री विभाग
३- विशेष ग्राह क प्रबंधन विभाग याने की अकाउंट मैनेजमेंट
४-ऑप्रेसन याने कार्य संचालन
५- डॉक्युमनेटेसन
६- अकाउंट या लेखा -जोखा विभाग
७- उधारी /बकाया राशि प्राप्ति प्रबंधन
८- प्रशासनिक विभाग
संस्थान में निम्न आतंरिक सूचनाओं का आदान प्रदान होता है -
१- विभिन्न प्रकार के दैनिक , साप्ताहिक , मासिक रिपोर्ट
२- ग्राहकों की सांक्ष्यिकी  गुणवत्ता संबंधी रिपोर्टें
३- लाभ हानि ब्योरा
४-  ग्राहक या प्रोडक्ट अनुसार लाभ हानि ब्योरा
५- अन्य रिपोर्टें
                                      सफलता या रिपोर्टों के नाप तौल की कुछ विशेष इकाईयां

विभिन्न तरह के माध्यमों से टिकटिंग से विक्री
कैटेगरी के अनुसार विक्री व लाभ -हानि
महीने में कितना ट्रांजिक्सन हुआ
कितनी टिकेट वापिस हुईं और कितना पैसा वापस करना पड़ा और क्यों  ?
मुख्य व्यापार और अन्य व्यापार का लेखा जोखा याने किस क्षेत्र से  कितना व्यापार हुआ
विभिन्न सर्वेक्षण
सेल्स प्रतिनिधि अनुसार व्यापार का लेखा जोखा
वेंडर्स प्रबंधन का लेखा जोखा
आने वाले शीघ्रतम व दीर्घतम भविष्य का व्यापार अनुमान
कर्मिकों का लेखा जोखा
किन किन ग्राहकों पर उधार है और कब उगाना है।

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  4 /6/2014


Contact ID bckukreti@gmail.com

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series to be continued ...


उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन श्रृंखला जारी ...

                                    References

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006  -2007  , उत्तरांचल में  पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना , शैलवाणी (150  अंकों में ) , कोटद्वार , गढ़वाल

xx

Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and  Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Departments and Management Information  in Corporate Travel Agency in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar

Notes on Traditional Folk Games/Sports from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand Folk Games) Part -5 
Event or and Marriage Traditional/Folk games of Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar part- 3

                          Narration: Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

               Antakshari is quite old game of India. Antakshari is derived from Sanskrit words –Ant means end and Akshar means letter. Antakshari is group game.
Each contestant begins the first verse of a song (usually Indian film Song) or poetry that begins with the consonant on which the previous consonant's song or poetry ends.
The starting poem of any Antakshari starts as –
Samy Bitane ke Liye karna hai kuch kam
Shuru Karen Antakshari lekar Hari ka nam
The first song or poetry would start by consonant word that starts from 'M'.
This author is witness in his mess, the students used to play Antakshari through poetry and not film song in Silogi High School, Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal.
The contestants could be two or more and there are two groups to play Antakshari.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 4/6/2014

      References

Bhishma Kukreti, 2010, Folk Games of Uttarakhand, merapahad.com
XX
Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar; Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon and Haridwar; Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon and Haridwar; Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Chamoli Garhwal, Almora Kumaon and Haridwar; Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon and Haridwar; Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon and Haridwar; Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon and Haridwar;  Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar, Uttarakhand ; Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar, North India; Antakshari: A Spoken Parlor Folk Game played in Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar, South Asia; 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                रामपुर तिराहा  कांड का अपराधी उत्तर प्रदेश मा  बलात्कार क्या बंद कराल !

                                                  -भीष्म कुकरेती     

(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )


अचकाल सुबेर बिटेन श्याम तलक टीवी अर सोसल मीडिया मा उत्तर प्रदेश मा बलात्कार की घटनाऊं समाचार का अलावा कुछ नि दिखेणु च।
मीडिया का धुरंदर पत्रकारुं तैं अफ़सोस हूणु च कि प्रजातंत्री सम्राट याने यादव कुनबा बलात्कार तैं छुट -मुट घटना मनणा छन। पर हरेक उत्तराखंडी जाणदु च कि यादव कुनबा मनिख का रूप मा दुशासन का ही रूप च।  मीडिया तैं याद बि नी च बल यु वी यादव कुनबा च जु शांतिपूर्ण विरोध बि सहन करि नि सकुद अर विरोध्युं पर बेवजह गोळी चलांदु अर ऊंकी इज्जत आबरू तैं मट्टी मा मिलांदु।  यादव कुनबा कुण विरोध असह्य च अर मा -बैण्युं इज्जत तो यूँकुण  कुछ छैं इ नी च , प्रायोजित रेप कारण मा बि यु कुनबा नि शर्मांद।
सामूहिक बलात्कार एक मानसिक बीमारी की छाया मात्र च अर इन जघन्य अपराध रुकणो बान सामजिक  सोच बदल्याण चयांद कि मर्दानगी बलात्कार से प्रदर्शित नि हूंद अपितु मर्दानगी  अलग ही प्रदर्शन हूण चयेंद।  किँतु  जै कुनबा का कुंवर राम गोपाल यादव ब्वालु कि टीवी माध्यम सामूहिक बलात्कार कु जम्मेवार च तो वै प्रदेश मा सोसल रिफॉर्म की उम्मीद रखण इनि च जन बिराळी औंरु /औंर दिखण।.
सामूहिक या व्यक्तिगत बलात्कार की घटना रुकण मा पोलिस रिफॉर्म याने पुलिस प्रशासन मा सुधार एक विशेष आवश्यकता च पर जै उलटा प्रदेश मा पुलिस कु यादवीकरण हुयुं हो वै प्रदेश मा पुलिस से सामजिक अपराध रुकण सर्वथा नामुमकिन च।  जै प्रदेश मा कोतवाली  का कर्ता -धर्ता यादव दरोगा धरे इ  इलै गे हो जु गुंडा यादवुं हिफाजत कारो वै यादव दरोगा से सामाजिक सरोकार की उम्मीद ह्वै इ नि सकिद। जख पुलिस कु उपयोग सरकारी दल का नेता केवल अपण राजनीतिक स्वार्थ का वास्ता करदा ह्वावन उख पुलिस रिफॉर्म का बारा मा सुचे हि नि सक्यांद।
जब तलक मर्द जात स्त्रियुं अधिकार अर सम्मान का बारा मा सचेत नि ह्वाल तब तलक औरतुं पर सामूहिक बलात्कार हूंद राला अर ऊंकी लाश बीच चौराहा पर आम का डाळु मा बदायूं का तरां टंगे जाल।  उत्तर प्रदेश मा मर्द लोग स्त्रियुं सम्मान कौरन तो किलै कौरन जब यादव कुनबा कु सयाणा ब्वाल कि 'लड़कों से छोटी मोटी गलती (सामूहिक बलात्कार ) हो ही जाती है ". जब यादव कुनबा को सयाणा बुल्दु कि सामूहिक बलात्कार एक लड़कों की छोटी -मोटी गलती च तो गुंडों तै , अनाचारियों तैं एक संदेश ही मिल्दो कि स्त्री तो ताड़न की , नारी तो बेज्जती  की अधिकारणी च।
जब कै प्रदेश कु मुखिया सामूहिक बलात्कार का वास्ता मीडिया तैं जुम्मेवार माणद अर मीडिया तैं सीख दींदु हो कि दुसर प्रदेसुं मा उत्तर प्रदेश से अधिक बलात्कार हून्दन तो समझ मा आंद कि वै प्रदेश कु मुखिया से बलात्कार की घटनाऊं मा कमी की उम्मीद करण बेकार ही च।
आज असल मा बलात्कार रुकणो बान समाज , पुलिस , प्रसासन अर राजनीतिज्ञों तैं एक साथ काम करणै जरूरत च किन्तु उत्तर प्रदेश मा जब समाज ही पुरो बंट्यू हो तो क्या हम भला दिनु आस करी सकदां क्या ?


Copyright@  Bhishma Kukreti  5/6/2014 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -112       
   
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -358 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

        Lakshmi Chandra the Kumaon Chand King expired in 1621. Dilip Chand the son of Lakshmi Chandra got the crown of Chand dynasty Kingdom of Kumaon. Dilip Chand died in 1624.Vijaya the brother of Dilip Chand got the crown. Vijaya Chand was killed in a conspiracy in 1625. Shakram Karki, Peeru Gusain, Vinayak Bhatt got the whole power on Kumaon Chand Kingdom. They killed most of relatives and supporters of Chand Kings.
  Trimal Chand a son of Lakshmi Chand took asylum under Garhwal King in Shrinagar. Narayan Chandra another son of Lakshmi Chandra took asylum in Doti Kingdom (Now in west Nepal).
     It is said that Shyam Shah put a suggestion before Trimal Chnad that if he was agree upon Ramganga River as permanent border of Garhwal and Kumaon Shyam Shah would conquer Kumaon for Trimal Chand. Trimal Chand did not agree on Ramganga as permanent border between Kumaon and Garhwal.
                  The supporters of Trimal Chand killed Vijay Chand in 1625 and Trimal Chand returned to Almora and got Kingdom. Trimal Chand was Kumaon King till 1638. Till that period, there was cordial relationship between Garhwal Kingdom and Kumaon Chand Kingdom. Trimal Chand called private maid servants for him from Garhwal as safety measures.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/6/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -359
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
27- H. Blochmann, 1873,  Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom; History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom in context History of Bhabhar Garhwal; History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom in context History of Pauri Garhwal; History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom in context History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom in context History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom in context History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Relation of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Kumaon Chand Kingdom in context History of Haridwar;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

      History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom, Tibet

            History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -113       
   
               History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -359 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

            Manshah defeated Daba Kingdom of Tibet and had a treaty that Daba ruler would offer tribute of Chausinga Khadu (Four horn Sheep) and one and quarter Ser gold dust to Garhwal Kingdom every year. However, after death of Manshah, Tibetan looters from Daba (Zanda province) again started attacking and looting Garhwal territories. Garhwal King Shyam Shah the son of Manshah took action and attacked on Daba and incrased taxes on daba by a Chanvar Gay or a neel gay.
After some time, the relation between Daba ruler and Garhwal King started cracking. At the same, three commanders of Daba Kingdom revolted against the King Chhaprang . Shya Shah ordered his army to march though Jelukhaga, Mana and Neeti passes to attack on Daba Kingdom, Tibet. According to a missionary traveler Father Jesuit informed that there were 12000 soldiers in first army with 11000 guns and 50 Small Tops.  There were 20000 soldiers with second army with guns. The Tibetan army of Daba Kingdom fought with zeal with Garhwal army. However, there was heavy snow fall and storm in between the battle and Garhwal army had to come back. Therefore, Garhwal King was forced to have another friendly treaty with Daba (Tibet) kingdom.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 5/6/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -360
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
27- H. Blochmann, 1873,  Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom Tibet; History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom Tibet in context Pauri Garhwal History; History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom Tibet in context Chamoli Garhwal History; History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom Tibet in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom Tibet in context Tehri Garhwal History; History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom Tibet in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History; History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom Tibet in context Dehradun, Garhwal History; History of Battle of Garhwal King Shaym Shah with Daba Kingdom Tibet in context Haridwar, Garhwal History; 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

 Tabla a Membrane (Membranophone) Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -165 
                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र
                             
                     Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)
           Tabla is said to be invented by Sufi Saint Amir Khusaru in thirteenth century. Tabla is least used by common people in Garhwal. It seems Tabla would have introduced in the period of Akbar or Jahangir. Dhol Sagar mentions about Tabla as musical instrument. The Tabla is made by hollow conic piece of teak and upper side is fitted by leather. The drum is tuned for specific tune.  Tablas are used in pair and played by hands.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/6/2014
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music
14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music 
15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya
16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya
17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj
18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India
19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas   
XX
Tabla a Membrane Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Tabla a Membrane Musical Instrument used  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tabla a Membrane Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tabla a Membrane Musical Instrument used  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tabla a Membrane Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tabla a Membrane Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tabla a Membrane Musical Instrument used   in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tabla a Membrane Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Galya Banan: A Hilarious Game from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar in Marriage Ritual

Notes on Traditional Folk Games/Sports from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand Folk Games) Part -6 
Event or and Marriage Traditional/Folk games of Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar part- 4

                          Narration: Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)
            Galya Banan is an exclusive Uttarakhandi custom or game takes place in marriage ritual. Galya means to lie down and not to be interested to plough by bull. In marriage ritual ceremony, at the time of Sath Fere (seven circle around Vedi by groom and bride) either bride or groom does not initiate to take another Fera or circle to take gift from father in law. Father in law wants to offer small amount gift but bride or groom wishes to have gift of higher amount. This is again negotiating joyful game. If first bride becomes Galya (does not act for taking round circle ) and her father in law offers gift and if the bride is satisfied by gifts she becomes ready to round circle. After another circle groom becomes Galya, his father in law offers him gift and if groom is satisfied by gift he becomes ready for round for Fera or circle. Usually, father in law takes time for offering gift and in this way people get enjoyment from negotiation.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/6/2014

      References

Bhishma Kukreti, 2010, Folk Games of Uttarakhand, merapahad.com
XX
Galya Banan: A Hilarious Game from Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon and Kankhal Haridwar in Marriage Ritual; Galya Banan: A Hilarious Game from Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon and Rurkee Haridwar in Marriage Ritual; Galya Banan: A Hilarious Game from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon and Bhagwanpur Haridwar in Marriage Ritual; Galya Banan: A Hilarious Game from Tehri Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon and Laksar Haridwar in Marriage Ritual; Galya Banan: A Hilarious Game from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon and Manglaur Haridwar in Marriage Ritual; Galya Banan: A Hilarious Game from Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon and Sultanpur Haridwar in Marriage Ritual;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

             History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra 

            History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -114       
   
               History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -360 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

             Jahangir was coroneted in 1605 after death of Moghul Emperor Akbar. He ruled till 1627. Garhwal court poet of Manshah and Shyamsha had very good reputation in Moghul court. Jahangirnama a biographical account book of Jahangir refers that Jagirdar of Shrinagar (Garhwal ) visited Jahangir court in Agra in 1621. Jahangir offered a horse and an elephant as gift to Shyam Singh.
There is no mention in Jahangirnama about Shyam Singh or Shyam Shah offering gifts to


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 6/6/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -361
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
27- H. Blochmann, 1873,  Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra;  History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra  in context Bhabhar Garhwal History; History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra  in context Pauri Garhwal History; History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra  in context Chamoli Garhwal History; History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra  in context Rudraprayag Garhwal History; History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra  in context Tehri Garhwal History; History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra  in context Uttarkashi Garhwal History; History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra  in context Dehradun Garhwal History; History of Garhwal King Shyam Shah visiting Jahangir Court, Agra  in context Haridwar, Garhwal History;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                                               टूर औपरेसन या पैकेज टूर औपरेसन

                                         Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations

                                             ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार का सुचारु रूप से संपादन  - भाग -19   

                                Business Management of Travel Agency  in context Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development Part -19 



(Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series--77    ) 
                                                      उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 77   
 
                                                              लेखक : भीष्म कुकरेती  (विपणन व विक्री प्रबंधन विशेषज्ञ )

  आकार  व व्यापार के हिसाब से ट्रैवल एजेंसी मुख्यतया तीन तरह की होती हैं- छोटी , मध्य व दीर्घाकार । 

छोटे , लघु मध्यम आकार वाले ट्रैवल एजेंसियां रिटेल टूर एजेंसियों की श्रेणियों में आते हैं.

दीर्घाकार टूर एजेंसियों को टूर ऑपरेटर या टूर  होलसेलर भी कहा जाता है। टूर ऑपरेटर हॉलिडे पैदा करते हैं।

दीर्घाकार टूर एजेंसियां या टूर होलसेलर विभिन्न सेवाओं जैसे -होटल , परिहवन , गाइड , घुमाना आदि की सभी सेवाओं को खरीदते हैं और एक पैकेज बनाकर पर्यटकों को सीधा अथवा छोटे ट्रैवल एजेंसियों या अन्य बड़े  ट्रैवल ऑपरेटरों को अलग अलग या ग्रुप में बेचते हैं।

टूर ऑपरेटरों को टूर होलसेलर (पर्यटन आढ़ती ) भी कहा जाता है क्योंकि ये संस्थान सेवाओं को एक मुस्त बड़ी संख्या में खरीदते है (bulk purchasing )। 

सेवाओं के अधिक मात्रा में खरीदने से टूर ऑपरेटर अपने ग्राहकों को कम लागत में अधिक सेवायें व अधिक सुविधा देने में समर्थ हो जाते हैं।  जैसे कम लागत में थ्री स्टार की जगह फाइव स्टार होटल की सुविधा आदि। जिस लागत पर टूर ऑपरेटर ग्राहक  सुविधा व सेवा मुहय्या कराते है उस लागत पर अकेले पर्यटक को वह सेवायें मिलना कठिन है।  जैसे पर्यटक यदि बिना टूर ऑपरेटर के लंदन भ्रमण करेगा तो उसे वही सेवा चौगुने दाम में मिलेगी जो सेवा टूर ऑपरेटर देता है।

टूर ऑपरेटर से पर्यटन उद्यम को भी लाभ होता है क्योंकि कम लागत और अधिक सेवा मिलने से पर्यटकों की संख्या में अतिसय वृद्धि हो पाती है।  बैंकोग -पटाया में भारतीय पर्यटकों की वृद्धि के पीछे टूर ऑपरेटरों द्वारा पर्यटकों को कम लागत  बेहतर सेवा प्रदान देने का ही हाथ है।

टूर ऑपरेटर नए नए पर्यटक स्थलों में पर्यटक लाने में भी सहायक होते हैं।

टूर ऑपरेटर पर्यटन उद्यम व ग्राहक दोनों को लाभ दिलाने में सक्षम हुए हैं। इंटरनेट ने टूर ऑपरेटर व्यापार को नई बुलंदियां दी हैं।

भारत में पर्यटन मंत्रालय द्वारा अधिकृत टूर ऑपरेटरों की लिस्ट इंटरनेट पर उपलब्ध   है-

http"/tourism.gov.in/tourismDivision/TTlist.aspx?Name=Travel%20Trade&TCDI=Domestic%20Tour%20Operator

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  6 /6/2014


Contact ID bckukreti@gmail.com

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series to be continued ...


उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन श्रृंखला जारी ...

                                    References

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006  -2007  , उत्तरांचल में  पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना , शैलवाणी (150  अंकों में ) , कोटद्वार , गढ़वाल

xx



Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and  Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel ,Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel , Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel , Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Tour Operations or Packaged Tour Operations in context Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development Concepts in Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

'Kangan Tudan': A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar

Notes on Traditional Folk Games/Sports from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand Folk Games) Part -7 
Event or and Marriage Traditional/Folk games of Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar part- 5

                          Narration: Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

         'Kangan' means a metal hand or finger ring and 'Tudan' means to break. Nala rope is tied on one of Bride and Groom after Haldihath. With this Nala rope (cotton tags) beatle nut, rice and turmeric powder and a iron ring is also tied. This whole rope tied on the hand of bride or groom is called Kangan.
'Kangan Tudan' game is played when groom takes bride to his house and when all the ritual ceremony comes to an end by Pundit. At the completion of marriage ritual this game is played. Now, the Pundit asks bride to break the Nala rope tied on bride's hand. Groom would try the rope. If groom is not successful to break the rope of bride, his Bhabhi (sister in laws) would tease the groom and would teasingly, tauntingly say," Var Har Gyai, Var Har Gyai (Groom is lost the game) .." Other people enjoy this practice of groom. If groom is successful in any point the public congratulate him 'Var Jeeti Gyayi (The groom won the game). Then bride is asked to break the rope of groom. Since, the rope is thick it is difficult to break. When bride is not successful to break the rope public teases the bride  'Byoli Har Gyai )brid lost the game). Bride and groom try their best to break the rope tied on their better half's hand and in this way public enjoy the Kangan Tudan folk game.
              Now a days, this practice is losing its shape and just formalities are practiced. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 6/6/2014

      References

Bhishma Kukreti, 2010, Folk Games of Uttarakhand, merapahad.com
XX
Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Pauri Garhwal; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Chamoli Garhwal; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Tehri Garhwal, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Dehradun Garhwal, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Haridwar, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Nainital Kumaon, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Almora Kumaon, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Bageshwar Kumaon, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Champawat Kumaon, North India; Kangan Tudan: A hilarious Marriage Folk Games from Pithoragarh Kumaon, North India;