Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

 History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -126       
   
               History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -373 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                In north of Garhwal, Kumaon and Himachal Pradesh and west of Tibet; in sixteenth century there were many small kingdoms in the region. They had rivalry with each other due to border disputes that resulted disturbances in Tibet and also affected Garhwal, Kumaon and Himachal Pradesh. Daba comes under Zanda (Xizang) country in west south of Tibet. In ixteenth century around, Daba King Galdan Chhweng captured four kingdoms. He started looting Garhwal region. Then Garhwal King attacked Daba and reduced looting practices of looters of Tibet.
However, after death of Garhwal King Shyam Shah, Daba soldiers, looters started looting in Neeti region.   Mahipati Shah sent his huge army under the leadership of brave Army commander Lodi Rikhola to suppress the encroachers from Tibet. Raturi states that Garhwal King Mahipati Shah was also with army in Tibet campaign.
Getting information, the Daba King sent his army to resist Garhwal army in Neeti valley at border. There was fight in Himalayan Pass of Neeti between Tibetan army and Garhwal Army. Lodi Rikhola became successful in pushing Daba Tibet army into Tibet side on descent.

               Capturing Daba by Garhwal Army commander Lodi Rikhola
  Garhwal Army marched inside of Daba Kingdom. At the same time, Daba King died. Garhwal army captured Daba Garh (fort) and a Buddhist temple (Baudh Vihar). Satalz River was the bordering mark between Daba Kingdom, Tibet and Garhwal Kingdom.
  Garhwal King sent tow army commanders that is Bartwal brothers to look after administration of Daba region. One Bartwal brother was made ruler of Daba Kingdom and other brother was made Army Chief of Daba, Tibet region. Dr Bhakt darshan mentions name of one Bartwal brother as Bhim Singh. However, Bhakt Darshan did not mention the sourse ofreference for Bhim Singh.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 23/6/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -374
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
27- H. Blochmann, 1873,  Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Daba, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Diyag, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Dongbo, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Gunsa, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Gya'nyima, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Kunglung, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Moincer, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Quanz, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Qusum, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Sogmai, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Xungba, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Toling, Zanda, Tibet; History of Mahipati Shah Attacking on Daba Kingdom, Tibet in context History of Garhwal and History of Xalazakung, Zanda, Tibet;     

[Bhishma Kukreti]

               

                                                            ट्रैवल रिसेलर्स और ट्रैवल पोर्टल्स

                                                        Travel Resellers and Travel Portals

                              (Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series--88      ) 
                                                      उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 88   



                                                                 लेखक : भीष्म कुकरेती  (विपणन व विक्री प्रबंधन विशेषज्ञ )

ट्रैवल रिसेलर्स या ट्रैवल पोर्टल्स ग्राहकों को कैटलॉग अथवा वेब साइट के जरिये विभिन्न पर्यटन स्थलों व उनसे संबंधित सेवाओं का ब्योरा एकसाथ देते हैं कि जिससे ग्राहक विभिन्न पर्यटक स्थल , सेवाओं व बजट /लागत की तुलना कर सके और फिर अपना निर्णय ले सके।

अधिकतर ट्रैवल रिसेलर्स या पोर्टल इनबाउंड या ऑउटबाउंड टूर ऑपरेटरों से कमीसन प्राप्ति कर कमाई करते हैं। टूर ऑपरेटर ट्रैवल रिसेलर्सों के लिए कमिसन व बोनस पहले ही निश्चित कर लेते हैं।

अधिकतर ट्रैवल रिसेलर्स के मार्किट  होते हैं याने वे विशेष पर्यटकों या विशेष पर्यटन को ही बढ़ावा देते हैं।

ट्रैवल रिसेलर्स या पोर्टल जैसे कम बजट , विशेष यात्रा अथवा विशेष तरह  पर्यटकों को  (जैसे इकोटूरिज्म , शिक्षा टूर, वृद्धाओं या स्त्री पर्यटक , धार्मिक पर्यटन ) लुभाने का व्यापार करते हैं।


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  22 /6/2014


Contact ID bckukreti@gmail.com

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series to be continued ...

उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन श्रृंखला जारी ...

                                    References

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006  -2007  , उत्तरांचल में  पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना , शैलवाणी (150  अंकों में ) , कोटद्वार , गढ़वाल

Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and  Hospitality Industry Development  in Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development  in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Role and Necessity of Travel Resellers and Travel Portals in Marketing of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry Development in Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Dal ma Chadhan-Utaran or Climbing on Tree: Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar


Notes on Traditional Folk Games/Sports from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand Folk Games) Part -22     
Outdoor Traditional/Folk games of Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar part- 13

                          Narration: Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

Climbing on tree is quite old game of human beings. In Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar, children or young people make tree climbing as game with competitive rules or without any rules.
             Tree climbing some time is having a purpose or some times without any exact purpose and in that case it is used for enjoyment or entertaining.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 23 /6/2014
      References

Bhishma Kukreti, 2010, Folk Games of Uttarakhand, merapahad.com
XX
Dal ma Chadhan-Utran or Climbing on Tree: Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar; Dal ma Chadhan-Utran or Climbing on Tree: Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon and Laundhura Haridwar; Dal ma Chadhan-Utran or Climbing on Tree: Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon and Laksar Haridwar; Dal ma Chadhan-Utran or Climbing on Tree: Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon and Rurkee Haridwar; Dal ma Chadhan-Utran or Climbing on Tree: Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon and Jwalapur Haridwar; Dal ma Chadhan-Utran or Climbing on Tree: Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon and Manglaur Haridwar; Dal ma Chadhan-Utran or Climbing on Tree: Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Dehradun , Pithoragarh Kumaon and Pathri Haridwar;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Charitalim Tal, Charitalim Music beats/Rhythm of Dhol-Damau Playing created in Folk Dramas of Garhwal, Kumaon, and Haridwar


Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -178   
Rag Ragini, Tal, Music Beats, Music Notes or Music Scripts in Garhwali Folk Songs and Folk Music part -8

    गढ़वाली गीत संगीत (गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों ) में ताल, राग रागिनी-8
                             
                     Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar

Garhwali Philosophical and Music classic literature,   Dhol Sagar mentions Charitalim Tal. Dhol Sagar states that Lord S hiva dances in Charitalim Music Beats.
Charitalim is fast beat rhythm but now, in Pandaun Dance the Dhol Damau Player uses slow rhythm of Charitalim.
                      ढोल दमाऊ वादन के पंडो नृत्य में चरितालिम् ताल

चरितालिम् महत्वपूर्ण किन्तु अप्रचलित ताल है।
ढोल सागर में चरितालिम् के बारे में इस ताल का उपयोग केवल शिव -तांडव के लिए ही प्रयोग हेतु कहा गया है -
गगन -गढ़ में मेदना गाजे , अंग सरूपी सुरता भेरी ,
शम्भू   नाचे , चरितालिम् को शब्द बाजे।
दिगिनता , दिगिनता , ता ता , ता ता,
धिंगता , धिंगता , धिंग , ताता।। .

वर्तमान में चरितालिम् का परिवर्तित रूप पंडों नृत्य में भी प्रस्तुत किया जाता है किन्तु पंडो नृत्य में चरितालिम् उतना रौद्र नही रह जाता यही जितना शिव तांडव में होता है -
पंडों नृत्य में चरितालिम् ताल के परिवर्तित रूप इस प्रकार है -
झेगु तु झे झे -। झे गु तु ग ता -। ।


                 दमाऊ में सहयोगी कांसा ताल


दमाऊ को ढोल का साथ देना होता है।  दमाऊ में केवल तीन शब्द निकलते हैं - द , ग और न।   ये ही तीन बोल ढोल के झा, ता , झे आदि के साथ मिलकर वादन को सम्पूर्णता देते हैं।   दमौ वादक को दमाऊ से कांसा बोल रचने होते हैं.
कांसु /कांसा बोल इस प्रकार हैं -
दिन   ,  गिननि , दि , दिननि , दिन , गिननि , दिन , गिननि , दिन , गिन 
यह बोल जब 'शबद ' में 'झांगल ' के निकट पंहुच जाते हैं तो इनका उच्चारण तीब्र हो जाता है कि ये बोल जिव्हा से नहीं  हे निकल सकते हैं। 



बोल लिपि स्रोत्र -केशव अनुरागी द्वारा रचित नाद नंदिनी (अप्रकाशित )
संदर्भ - डा शिवानंद नौटियाल , गढ़वाल के लोकनृत्य -गीत
बोल लिपि सर्वाधिकार -श्रीमती केशव अनुरागी


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 23 /6/2014 for interpretation notes   
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music
14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music 
15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya
16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya
17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj
18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India
19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas 
20 Keshav Anuragi
21 Dayashankar Bhatt 
XX
Charitalim Tal, Charitalim Music beats/Rhythm of Dhol-Damau Playing created in Folk Dramas of Garhwal, Kumaon, and Haridwar; Charitalim Tal, Charitalim Music beats/Rhythm of Dhol-Damau Playing created in Folk Dramas of Dehradun Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, and Haridwar; Charitalim Tal, Charitalim Music beats/Rhythm of Dhol-Damau Playing created in Folk Dramas of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, and Haridwar; Charitalim Tal, Charitalim Music beats/Rhythm of Dhol-Damau Playing created in Folk Dramas of Tehri Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, and Haridwar; Charitalim Tal, Charitalim Music beats/Rhythm of Dhol-Damau Playing created in Folk Dramas of Chamoli Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, and Haridwar; Charitalim Tal, Charitalim Music beats/Rhythm of Dhol-Damau Playing created in Folk Dramas of Rudraprayag Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, and Haridwar; Charitalim Tal, Charitalim Music beats/Rhythm of Dhol-Damau Playing created in Folk Dramas of Pauri Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, and Haridwar;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                    प्रवासियों ! पहाड़  विकास की बकबास करना बंद कीजिये !

                                            विचार -विमर्श    -भीष्म कुकरेती     
                   
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )
जैसे ही पहाड़ों से हम मैदान में उतरते हैं और छोटी -बड़ी नौकरी पाते हैं हम पर अपने गाँव विकास का रणभूत लग जाता है।

क्या मुंबई , क्या दिल्ली अर क्या नार्थ अमेरिका सब जगह  पहाड़ी संस्था बनाने में और पहाड़ विकास का नाम पर सेमीनार , गोष्ठी ऊर्यांण में  व्यस्त  जाते हैं और बहुत से प्रवासी जैसे  डा रामप्रसाद जी , डा बलबीर रावत जी जैसे वौद्धिक लोग रोज इंटरनेट पोर्टलों या फेसबुक में  रोज हजारों शब्द पहाड़ विकास के  नाम पर खर्च करते रहते हैं ।
किन्तु मुझे लगता है प्रवासियों और गाँव में रहने वालों के मध्य पहाड़ विकास  बारे में सोच में गहरा अंतर है।
मेरा गाँव जसपुर (ढांगू , पौड़ी गढ़वाल ) एक आम गाँव है जहां खेती बंद हो चुकी है , बच्चों को ऋषिकेश -कोटद्वार में पढ़ाया जाता है
इस बार ग्राम सभा चुनाव में में प्रधान के प्रत्यासी ने एक पैम्फलेट छापा जिसमे प्रत्यासी ने निम्न  15 कामो  लिए वोट मांगे हैं -
१-गाँवों में रास्तों का पुनर्निर्माण ,
२- हर परिवार को शुलभ शौचालय दिलवाना
३- मंदिरों के आधे अधूरे कार्य पुरे करवाना
४- वृद्ध -विकलांग लोगों के पेंसन लगवाना
५-गरीब और जरूरतमंद लोगों की मदद करना
६- शादी व्याह के लिए टेंट प्रबंध
७- अधिक से अधिक स्ट्रीट लाइट लगवाना
८- पानी की टंकियों की मरम्मत
९- हर घर में पानी पंहुचाना
१०- बरात घर निर्माण
११- गाँव सुंदर व खुशहाल बनाना
१२- बच्चो के लिए कोचिंग क्लास
१३- कन्या धन व गौरी धन दिलवाना
१४-चिकित्सा सेवा सही करवाना
१५-जसपुर  सौंदर्यीकरण करना
अधिकतर प्रवासी या संस्थाएं पहाड़ विकास गोष्ठी /लेखों निम्न बाते उठाते हैं -
१- गाव उजड़ रहे हैं कैसे खाली होते हुए गाँवों  से पलायन रोका जाय
२- गाँव में रोजगार उपलब्ध किये जायँ
३-खत्म होती कृषि के पुनर्स्थापना। बंजर धरती  को कृषि धरती में पुनः कृषि धरती में बदलना
४- जल से /घराटों से  लघु स्तर पर विजली उत्पादन
५- बागवानी व फूल उत्पादन
६- वन उत्पादन को रोजगार व लाभ लेना
७-सिंचाई के लिए साधन उपलब्धि
८-शिक्षा में सुधार
९- प्रवासियों को पहाड़ों में बसना
१०- जड़ी बूटियों  को आर्थिक स्थिति सुधारने में योगदान
११- चारा उत्पादन वृद्धि
१२-जंगली जानवरों से खेती रक्षा
१३-गाँवों में कम्प्यूटर प्रयोग , पुस्तकालय
१४- ग्रामीण पर्यटन विकास
आदि आदि
उपरोक्त दो सोचों में अधिक अंतर क्या दर्शाता है ? निष्कर्ष  साफ़  कि गांवों में सिंचाई , कृषि , वैकल्पिक कृषि , रोजगार , पलायन पर रोक , उचित शिक्षा , विजली उत्पादन व वैकल्पिक ऊर्जा उत्पादन की कोई सोच है ही   नही है।  तो फिर हम प्रवासी फोकट में बकबास क्यों करते रहते हैं ?




Copyright@  Bhishma Kukreti  24  /6/2014 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army (Around 1631-35)

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -127       
   
               History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -374 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

                 Under the capable leadership of Army Chief Staff Lodi Rikhola, Garhwal army captured Daba (Zanda, Tibet) region. Garhwal King Mahipati Shah was also with the army. After capturing Daba territory of Tibet, King and Lodi Rikhola, most of the soldiers of Daba campaign left Daba, Tibet and returned to Shrinagar before winter.
        There were a few Garhwal Kingdom soldiers in Daba Tibet. Garhwal King handed over the administration of Daba to Bartwal brothers.
    The heirs of Daba (Tibet) King requested Lhasa Lama for help to fight with Garhwal Kingdom soldiers. Lhasa Lama sent an army led by a Lhasa commander to Daba. Lhasa commander with his army attacked on Garhwal army.
           Offering the sitting of Raturi, Historian Dr. Dabral states that a supporter of Tibet, Brave General Sheetal Singh Sheet) also attacked n Garhwal Army. Dr. Dabral did not mention who was Sheetal Singh.
Lhasa Army, Daba army and Army of General Sheetal Singh attacked on Garhwal army from all sides with force. The opponent army beheaded soldiers of Garhwal Kingdom. In this battle of Daba, Daba army and supporting armies killed both the Bartwal brothers.
The swords of Bartwal brothers are kept in a Vihar of Daba as Gift of Succeed. Dr. Dabral assumes that there might be head of Bartwal brothers in any Vihar of Daba as happened with Kashmiri brave soldier Joravar Singh.
              Historian Raturi states that people of Daba used to worship the swords of Bartwal and their idols too.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 24/6/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -375
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
27- H. Blochmann, 1873,  Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Pauri Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Diyag Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Chamoli Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Dongbo, Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Gunsa, Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Tehri Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Xungba, Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Uttarkashi Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Gya'nyima, Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Kyunglung Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Dehradun Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Moincer, Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Quangze Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Qusum, Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Rabgyailing  Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Sogmai Zanda, Tibet; History of Killing of Bartwal Bandhu by Daba, Tibetans Army and Lhasa Army in context History of Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Toling Zanda, Tibet;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar


Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -179   
Classical Rag Ragini, Tal, Music Beats, Music Notes or Music Scripts in Garhwali Folk Songs and Folk Music part -9

    गढ़वाली लोक गीत संगीत (गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों ) में ताल, राग रागिनी-8
                             
                     Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar

           Dholak is mainly played by Badi or Dhakki of Garhwal region. However, Jagari (ritual music performer) uses Dholak in Hantya and Sayyed Nachai religious rituals. Dholak is played by open handed. In folk music close hands (suppressed) are not used on playing such music instrument.
            Dadra, Kahrua, Chanchar, Rupak and other specific 'Chal' beats are used in Dholak play in Garhwal.           
                     ढोलक  व हुड़का वादन के मुख्य शास्त्रीय संगीत ताल
ढोलक मुख्यतः बंदियों द्वारा बजाया जाता है।  किन्तु हंत्या व सय्यद घड़ेळो में जागरी ढोलक का प्रयोग करते हैं।
गढ़वाल -कुमाऊं में ढोलक मुक्त हाथों से बजाया जाता है ।
ढोलक से लोक तालों में दादरा , कहरवा , चाँचर , रूपक के अतिरिक्त कुछ विशेष तालों का भी प्रयोग होता है जो इस प्रकार हैं -


                             Dadra Tal/ Music Beats in Dholak Playing

                         Dadra Tal has six counts (3+3).
                ढोलक  व हुड़का वादन में दादरा ताल

धा गिन - ।   ता धिनक धिन्

  Chanchar or Dipchandi Tal /Music Beats in Dholak Playing

       Chanchar Tal has 14 counts (3+4+3+4 ).
                 ढोलक  व हुड़का वादन में चाँचर  ताल
धा गिन् -।त  क धिन । त गि  न् ।  धा - धा -।

        Kaharva or Kahrua Tal/ Music Beats in Dholak Playing

Kaharva or Kahrua Tal has eight counts in Indian classic music (4 +4)
             ढोलक  व हुड़का वादन में  कहरवा /कहरुआ  ताल
धिंग   तक   धिंग     तक  ।   धिंग तक धिन् -
तगि न्न धा धा।  धिंग तक धिन् -

                       Roopak Tal or Music Beats in Dholak Playing

                    Roopak Tal has seven counts (3+2+2)


                ढोलक  व हुड़का वादन में  रूपक  ताल
धा  कत । धा कत। धा गिं ता 




बोल लिपि स्रोत्र -केशव अनुरागी द्वारा रचित नाद नंदिनी (अप्रकाशित )
संदर्भ - डा शिवानंद नौटियाल , गढ़वाल के लोकनृत्य -गीत
बोल लिपि सर्वाधिकार -श्रीमती केशव अनुरागी
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 24 /6/2014 for interpretation notes   
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music
14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music 
15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya
16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya
17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj
18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India
19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas 
20 Keshav Anuragi
21 Dayashankar Bhatt 
22- Glossary of Indian Classic Music
XX
Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Pauri Garhwal; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Chamoli Garhwal; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Rudraprayag Garhwal; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Tehri Garhwal; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Uttarkashi Garhwal; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Dehradun Garhwal; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Haridwar; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Pithoragarh  Kumaon; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Bageshwar Kumaon; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Champawat Kumaon; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Almora Kumaon; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Almora Kumaon; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Nainital Kumaon; Dadra, Chanchar, Kaharva, Roopak Tal/Bol or Music Beats in Dholak and Hudka Playing in Folk Songs (Dramas) of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                       कूटनीतिका  अर राजनीतिक सिग्नल , इशारा याने बुल्द बेटी कुण छौं सुणांद ब्वारी तैं छौं


                                           घपरोळया , हंसोड्या , चुनगेर ,चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती     
                   
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )



                 उन त डा मनमोहन (सॉरी सोनिया जी ! सरकारी दस्तावेजुं मा प्रधान मंत्री राहुल गांधी ना मनमोहन जी ही छन ) सरकार बि राजनैतिक -कूटनीति सिगनल -संकेत -सैन भेजदी छे किन्तु लोग बाग़ बींगीक बि बौग सारी दींदा छा।  भौत सा दैं भारत का गृह मंत्रीन राज्य सरकारों कुण लेख कि आतंकवादी हमला बाद अल्पसख्यकों तैं सुदी -मुदि नि पकड़े जाव।  सिग्नल अल्पसंख्यकों खासकर मुसलमानो कुण छौ कि बीएसपी , एसपी , टीएमसी आदि पार्ट्युं तैं वोट नि देन बल्कण मा कॉंग्रेस तैं वोट देन मुसलमान त कॉंग्रेस का सिग्नल -सैन नि समझिन पर हिन्दू समझी गेन कि सिगनल कैकुण च अर उन भाजपा तै जितै दे।
                2014 लोकसभा चुनाव मा पैल पैल नरेंद्र मोदीन कोलकत्ता मा भाषण दे तो बंगाल्युं  एक हाथ मा लड्डू (लोकसभा मा बीजेपी सांसद ) अर हैंक हाथ मा रसगुल्ला (बंगाल मा टीएमसी की सरकार ) शब्दों से ममता बैणि तैं मोदीन सिगनल दे कि मीतै तेरी आवश्यकता पोड़लि।   ममता त ममता बनर्जी च कैपर बि दया नि दिखांद।  ममतान सैन मा न सीधा बोलि दे कि 2002 कु अभियोगी दगड़ मेरि नि पटण।  तो जबाब मा मोदीन बंगलादेस्यूं किस्सा उठै दे अर भाजपा तैं फैदा मिल गे।
  हालांकि मनमोहनी सरकार बि संकेत भेजदी छे किन्तु भ्रष्टाचार अर स्कैमों चलदा मनमोहन सरकार का सिगनल क्वी पकड़दो इ नि छौ।  कॉंग्रेसन संकेत भेजी बि छौ कि केजरीवाल , सिसोदिया , प्रशांत भूषण का NGOs तैं अमेरिकी कम्पन्यूं से डोनेसन किलै मिलदु अर केजरीवालन भारत का वास्ता इन क्या काम कौर छौ कि केजरीवाल तैं मेगासे अवार्ड मील ! कॉंग्रेस का सिग्नल आम जनता नि पकड़ साक।
पर भाजपा ये मामला मा भाग्यशाली च कि अबि जनता भाजपा का सिग्नल पकड़नी च।
  अब द्याखो ना जैं संस्था कु काम हूंद कि सरकारी दफ्तरों से क्वी बि सीक्रेट लीक नि हो वीं इन्फोर्मेसन ब्यूरो का ऑफिस से एक सूचना लीक ह्वे गे।  ईं सूचना मा छौ कि कुछ अमेरिकी परस्त या पश्चिम देशों सहायक NGOs तैं भारत मा भौत सा प्रोजेक्टों मा अड़ंगा लगाणा छन कि भारत की आर्थिक दसा मा तीब्रता से सुधार नि ह्वावु।  यूं  देशद्रोही संस्थाओं का वास्ता कड़क सिग्नल छौ कि यदि तुमन संवेदनशील प्रोजेक्टों मा अड़ंगा लगाइ तो तुमर विदेशी चंदा आण पर रोक बि लग सकद।  जनता का बीच सिग्नल या रैबार बि पौंछि गे कि यी देशद्रोही NGOs देस  विकास रुकणा छन तो यूँ देशद्रोही NGOs की भकलौण मा कतई नि ऐन।  उन सिग्नल तो अमेरिका बि पौंछि गए कि हम भारतवासी तुमर चंदा की चाल तैं समझदा छंवां।
उन आम जनता विदेश नीति का सिग्नल कम ही बिंगदि किंतु जब मोदी सरकारन अरुणाचल प्रदेश मा 50    मिल्ट्री चौकी खुलणै समाचार अर चीन सीमा  पर सड़क बणाणो बान रक्षा विभाग का वास्ता पर्यावरण आदि कि इजाजत आवश्यक नि रै गे जन सूचना जगजाहिर कौर तो जनता समझ गे कि सिग्नल चीन का वास्ता च कि ठीक च हम भारतीय तुमर दगड़ व्यापारिक संबंध बाढ़ाणो तयार छंवां किंतु हम तैं अपण बॉर्डर की बि चिंता च।  चीन सिग्नल -संकेत समझि गे अर वैन द्वीएक हैकपॉटर उत्तराखंड का सीमा मा उड़ाइ देन।
विदेश मंत्री बंगलादेश की यात्रा पर जाणि च तो भारतीय गृह मंत्रालय द्वारा बंग्लादेस्यूं तैं वीजा ऑन अराइवल पर अड़ंगा लगाइ दे।  याने मय बंगलादेश भौत सा लोगुं तैं संकेत भिज्याणा छन।
संकेत तो श्रीलंका बि भिजणु च -कबि त अपण सीमा पर पकड़्यां भारतीय मछुवारों तै चौड़ छोड़ दींदु अर कबि देर करणु रौंद।
सिगनल तो मोदी न अमेरिका बि भिजण शुरू करि ऐन। भारत सरकार अब अपण न्यूक्लियर प्लांटों मा इंटरनेश्नल वॉचडॉगुं तैं सरलता से प्रवेश करण देलि असल मा अमेरिका का वास्ता एक सिग्नल च। 
पैल जनता सिगनलु तै नि समझदी छे पर अब समजण लग गे कि कूटनीति मा बि " बुल्द बेटी कुण छौं सुणांद ब्वारी तैं छौं " जन वाकिया हून्दन ।


Copyright@  Bhishma Kukreti  25 /6/2014 
   
*लेख में  स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं ।

Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations , Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations , Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations, North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations, Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations , Ridicule in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations  , Mockery in Garhwali Language, Send-up in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations, Disdain in Garhwali Language, Hilarity in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations, Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language from Pauri Garhwal about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; , Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; Mockery  in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations; Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar about Signals in Diplomacy and international relations;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

 History of erecting Chabutaras /Small Terraces at Garhwal - Tibet Border by Madho Singh Bhandari

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -128       
   
               History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -375 

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

            Under the leadership of Army chief Lodi Rikhola, Garhwal army captured Daba territory of Tibet.  Daba King took the help of Lhasa Lama and Sheetal Singh to kill residency commanders Bartwal brothers posted in Daba by Garhwal King Mahipati Shah.
It seems that there was peace between Garhwal and Tibet after killing of Bartwal Brothers. It seems there was another treaty between Daba King and Garhwal King.
    Mahipati Shah sent his new Army Chief Madho Singh Bhandari to Tibet. Madho Singh Bhandari stabilized the border of Tibet and Garhwal. Madho Singh built Chabutaras /small terrace or small pillars at the border of Tibet and Garhwal for demarcation signs. Raturi informed that there were still a few Chabutaras at the border.  It is also said that Chabutaras were built by Ajay Pal. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 25/6/2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -376
   
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications 
27- H. Blochmann, 1873,  Aine e- Akbari Translation
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal;  SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal;  Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal;  South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal;  Medieval History of Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar;  South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ;  South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
XX
History of erecting Chabutaras /Small Terraces at Garhwal - Tibet Border by Madho Singh Bhandari; History of erecting Chabutaras /Small Terraces at Garhwal - Tibet Border by Madho Singh Bhandari in context History of Pauri Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Daba (Xungba) Zanda, Tibet; History of erecting Chabutaras /Small Terraces at Garhwal - Tibet Border by Madho Singh Bhandari in context History of Chamoli Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Diyag Zanda, Tibet; History of erecting Chabutaras /Small Terraces at Garhwal - Tibet Border by Madho Singh Bhandari in context History of Rudraprayag Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Gunsa Zanda, Tibet; History of erecting Chabutaras /Small Terraces at Garhwal - Tibet Border by Madho Singh Bhandari in context History of Tehri Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Kyunglung Zanda, Tibet; History of erecting Chabutaras /Small Terraces at Garhwal - Tibet Border by Madho Singh Bhandari in context History of Dehradun Garhwal, Haridwar and History of Xungba Zanda, Tibet;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Ba Katan/Swimming: a Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar


Notes on Traditional Folk Games/Sports from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar (Uttarakhand Folk Games) Part -23   

Outdoor Traditional/Folk games of Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar part- 14

                          Narration: Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

              Ba Katan or Swimming is popular game of Garhwal, Kumaon, and Haridwar where deep rivers flow or where there is Khali/Hauj/Baudi or pond. The children or youth may do swimming competitively or without competition. 
There are folk stories about swimming in Garhwali too.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 25 /6/2014
      References

Bhishma Kukreti, 2010, Folk Games of Uttarakhand, merapahad.com
XX
Ba Katan/Swimming: a Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar; Ba Katan/Swimming: a Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon and Haridwar; Ba Katan/Swimming: a Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon and Haridwar; Ba Katan/Swimming: a Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon and Haridwar; Ba Katan/Swimming: a Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon and Haridwar; Ba Katan/Swimming: a Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon and Haridwar; Ba Katan/Swimming: a Traditional Sport/ Folk Game from Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon and Haridwar;