Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale 

(A Research Review on Garhwali-Kumaoni –Haridwar Folk Literature)
                                (Folktales for Managers Series)
                          Management Lessons in Garhwali-Kumaoni Folktales -7
                Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature part -9

                     Research and Review by: Bhishma Kukreti

                 The Garhwal life was very hard and every time people needed help or strategy for survival. The people believed that simple solution or simple design or simple strategy is the best solution in management and management process.
                   The following Garhwali story speaks about avoiding complex solution and adores simple workable solution
                            A Garhwali Folk Story - Ganv ka Sayana: The Village Chief 


      The story is about long back years. There was a village Latu Ganv.
                 Husyaru had six she buffalos. One she buffalo had a kid. One day, the buffalo kid was thirsty and she entered into her master house in search of water. She entered her mouth and head into a 'Parya' (a wooden vessel for churning curd). Her head was inside the 'Parya' and the buffalo kid was unable to take out her mouth from Parya. Buffalo kid was restless and started throwing her neck here and there to get out from 'Parya' but was just unsuccessful to do so. Buffalo kid started running here and there. Husyaru saw the situation that the head of buffalo kid was inside the 'Parya'. He asked help from other villagers but nobody could get out the head of buffalo kid from "Parya'.
The villagers advised Husyaru to take help of village chief who was the wisest among all.
          The village chief was called to solve the problem. The village chief came and inspected the situation thoroughly and seriously. He walked around buffalo kid. The village chief ordered to cut the head of buffalo. The head of buffalo kid cut by sword and detached head from body. However, the problem of head being inside 'Parya' still existed.
              Now, the village chief ordered to cut the 'Parya'. Immediately, a person cut wooden 'Parya by an axe. The head of buffalo kid came out of 'Parya'. Every villager cheered that the head of buffalo kid had come out. Every villager was astounded for the wise advice of village chief that at last head of buffalo kid came out.
The villagers started singing and dancing for successful work due to advice by the village chief.

                 Benefits of Simple design for Product or Strategy


Simple design in product, service or strategy always is beneficial.
Simple design or solution in product, service or strategy is always appreciated by consumers.
Simple design increase productivity in production places.
Simple design in product, service or strategy decreases quality failures
Simple design for product, service or strategy is cheaper than complex design.
Simple design in product, service or strategy increases durability and affordability.
Simple design in product, service or strategy brings least conflicts among stakeholders,
The designer, service provider or strategy maker should understand the basic characteristics of design, service or strategy.
The designer, service provider or strategy maker should understand elements of design, service and strategy.
The designer, service provider or strategy maker should understand the factors that affect design, service or strategy process.
The designer, service provider or strategy maker should know problems, side effects, constrains in the process.

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti bckukreti@gmail.com  30/11/2013

     Notes on   Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni –Haridwar Folk Literature to be continued....
Management Lessons in Garhwali-Kumaon Folktales, Folk Stories, traditional Narratives, Community stories to be continued ...
Research Review of Garhwali-Kumaoni Literature to be continued....
                  References
1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003
2-Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gadya Parampara,
3- Bhishma Kukreti, 2003, Salan Biten Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
4- Bhishma Kukreti, October 2007, Gadhwali Lok kathaon ma Prabandh Shastra ki suchna, Chitthi Patrika (Lok Ktha Visheshank), Dehradun
Xx
Review of Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Uttarkashi, Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Tehri Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Chamoli Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Pauri Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Gangasalan Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Dehradun Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Haridwar Garhwal; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, North India; Simple Solution is the Best Management Style: A Management Lesson from Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, South Asia;         

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays

                   गढवाली लोक नाटकों / लोक  गीतों में  त्रास    भाव

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -52

                                    Bhishma Kukreti

              According to Bharat's Natyashastra (7/90), terror sentiment is performed in drama by contraction of limbs, paralysis, horripilation, chocking of voice, and irrelevant speech.
The terror is generated by falling of sound of cloud bursting, stars, electric glow in the sky.
                     The women in Garhwal play folk drama in the Geetun maina or Chait month (Song-Month 15th March- 14th April) in the night. This author had experience of Garhwali women showing terror sentiment in their own created dramas.
         I remember one drama created and played by village women of Jaspur, Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal India. In the next scene there was a death of a woman at the time of childbirth. Before that death scene, in the drama scene was the women were talking about falling of starts and comet, there were crying of foxes. The scene of drama played by women was terror some.

गढवाली लोक नाटक में त्रास    भाव
( पैल  एक जनानी स्वील हूणो नाटक चलद  )
भैर एक स्त्री - ये भुलि मि तैं अण भरवस लगणु च।  मीन उ एक गैणा टुटद द्याख
दुसरि - सि सूणि लेदी ! स्याळ बि फ्योड जन बासणा छन।


  There are many instances of terror sentiment in Garhwali religious folk songs (Jagar) as in Ranbhut, Krishna birth, Anchheri, Abhimanyu vadh,  Jagar etc. hearing the description of terror situations in the folk songs many soft hearted people start weeping in Jagar of Ghadela

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 30/11/2013

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter.

                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali lok swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
Xx
Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Terror Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia;


गढवाली लोक नाटकों में त्रास   भाव; टिहरी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  त्रास भाव;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  त्रास  भाव;हरिद्वार गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  त्रास  भाव;देहरादून गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  त्रास  भाव;पौड़ी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  त्रास  भाव;चमोली गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में   त्रास भाव; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में   त्रास भाव;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                                सन  2013 का  विश्लेषण याने 1963 का अवलोकन

                                               चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती

     
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )

हर साल दिसंबर विश्लेषण मैना हूंद जु जनवरी तलक चलदी रौंद।
उन ये सालौ विश्लेषण अर सन 1983  सालौ विश्लेषण मा संख्या को फर्क ह्वे सकुद पण गुणात्मक हिसाब से 2013 मा क्वी फरक नी ह्वे सकुद।
जन कि सन 1983 मा बि हजारों कुदशाउं , दुर्द्शाउंन भौत जोर लगाइ पण देशन प्रगति अवश्य कार।
कृषि क्षेत्र मा सन 1983 मा बि किसानुं आत्महत्या निरोधीकरण का बान कथगा इ योजना बौण छे त 2013 मा बि कृषक हित मा सैकड़ों योजना बणिन।  पण चुंकि दिल्ली अर राज्य राजधानी से गाँव -खेत दूर छन तो किसानुं बजेट रस्ता मा इ चौळ जांद।  या बात सन 1985 मा भग्यान राजीव गांधीन बि मानि छे कि हम दिल्ली बिटेन 100 लीटर योजना भिजदां अर गां मा 15 लीटर योजना पौंछदि।  सन 2013 मा राहुल गांधीन बि ब्वाल बल हम दिल्ली बिटेन 100 लीटर बजेट भिजदा जु गाँव आंद आंद 15 लीटर ह्वे जांदन।
सन 1953 मा बि शिक्षा मंत्री अर सरा भारत सरा साल चिंतित रैन कि भारत की शिक्षा भारत लैक नी च त सन 2013 मा मानव संसाधन मंत्री अर पूरो इण्डिया फिकर मा दु दु सब्जी खै गेन कि इण्डिया मा एजुकेसन की स्थिति सोचनीय, टेरिबल  च।  सन 1953 मा अर 2013 मा बि बस सिलेबस बदले गे।  इकमा क्वी सुचणै जरुरत नी  च कि सन 2053 मा बि शिक्षा स्थिति सोचनीय ही रालि.
1993 मा बि प्रधान मंत्रीन संसद मा अर संसद से भैर जगा जगा बयानुं बरखा करी छौ कि भ्रस्टाचार तैं रुके जाण चयेंद अर 2013 मा बि प्रधान मंत्रीन संसद अर संसद से भैर भाषणो झड़ी लगाइ बल भ्रष्टाचार रुकण चयेंद।  जनता द्वी टैम परेशान ह्वे बल प्रधान मंत्री कैकुण बुलणा छन कि भ्रष्टाचार रुके जाण  चयेंद ?
डॉलर -पाउंड का मुकाबला मा सन 1991 मा बि रुपया की कीमतों मा  गिरावट ऐ त सन 2013 मा रुपया का स्वास्थ्य मा गिरावट ही राइ।
सन 1993 मा बि स्वास्थ्य मंत्रीन दुःख जताइ कि ग्रामीण स्वास्थ्य व्यवस्था मा सुधार की अत्यंत आवश्यकता च त सन 2013 मा बि इना स्वास्थ्य मंत्रीन ग्रामीण स्वास्थ्य व्यवस्था मा गिरावट की सूचना संसद तैं दे अर उना शहरुं मा आबादी बढ़ गे।
मुलायम सिंघन सन 1993 मा बि बोलि छौ कि हिंदी तैं प्रोत्साहन मिलण चयेंद अर अंग्रेजी तै निरुत्साहित करण चयेंद।मुलायम सिंघ अपण बचनो पर पक्का छन सन 2013 मा बि मुलायम सिंहन हिंदी की हिमायत मा पर्चा बांटिन।  सन 1993 मा मुलायम सिंघन अपण नॉन अंग्रेजी स्लूलम भर्ती करिन त सन 2013 मा अपण नाती -नातिण कॉनवेंट स्कूलम भर्ती करिन।
भारत का गृह मंत्री अर राज्यों गृह मंत्री 1993 मा बि क़ानून व्यवस्था मा गिरावट से परेशान छा त 2013 मा बि सबि गृह मंत्री क़ानून व्यवस्था मा गिरावट से परेशान नजर ऐन।
मंहगाई , गरीबी , बेरोजगारी रुकणो बान 1963 मां बि आश्वासनु बाड़ लगाये गे छे तो सन 2013 मा बि मंहगाई , गरीबी , बेरोजगारी रुकणो बान बाड़ लगाए गे अर द्वी दैं मंहगाई , गरीबी , बेरोजगारी बाड़ तोड़ि जनता मध्य पौंछि गेन।
फिस्कल डेफिसिट की समस्या 2013  मा बि उन्नि राइ जन 1963 मा छे।
सन 1993 मा बि अमेरिका धौंस दींद छौ त 2013 मा बि हम अमेरिकी धौंस सौंदा छा।
घुसपैठ का बाबजूद पाकिस्तान का दगड़  सन 2003 मा बि डायलॉग चलदा छा अर 2013 मा बि घुसपैठ का बाबजूद पकिस्तानौ दगड़ डायलॉग चलणा रैन।
सन 1983 मा बि राष्ट्रीय अखबार उत्तर -पूर्व क्षेत्र का समाचार नि दींदा छा तो 2013 मा राष्ट्रीय टीवी समाचार चैनलों सम्पादकों तैं पता बि नी च कि उत्तर -पूर्व भारत को हिस्सा च।
सन 1969 से 1984 तक श्रीमती इंदिरा गांधी गरीबी हटाओं आंदोलन चलाणि राइ तो श्रीमती सोनिया गांधी 1998 से अब तक गरीबी हटाओ आंदोलन  मा ही व्यस्त च।
उपरोक्त तथ्यों देखिक मि अग्वाड़ी सन 1963 का एक अखबार का विश्लेषण देखिक 2013 का विश्लेषण करुल।


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  1/12/2013

[गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य, सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी  दृष्टि से, हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ, सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं;- जसपुर निवासी  के  जाती असहिष्णुता सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ढांगू वाले के  पृथक वादी  मानसिकता सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;गंगासलाण  वाले के  भ्रष्टाचार, अनाचार, अत्याचार पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; लैंसडाउन तहसील वाले के  धर्म सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;पौड़ी गढ़वाल वाले के वर्ग संघर्ष सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; उत्तराखंडी  के पर्यावरण संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;मध्य हिमालयी लेखक के विकास संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;उत्तरभारतीय लेखक के पलायन सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; मुंबई प्रवासी लेखक के सांस्कृतिक विषयों पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; महाराष्ट्रीय प्रवासी लेखक का सरकारी प्रशासन संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; भारतीय लेखक के राजनीति विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; सांस्कृतिक मुल्य ह्रास पर व्यंग्य , गरीबी समस्या पर व्यंग्य, आम आदमी की परेशानी विषय के व्यंग्य, जातीय  भेदभाव विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; एशियाई लेखक द्वारा सामाजिक  बिडम्बनाओं, पर्यावरण विषयों   पर  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, राजनीति में परिवार वाद -वंशवाद   पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ग्रामीण सिंचाई   विषयक  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, विज्ञान की अवहेलना संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य  ; अन्धविश्वास  पर चोट करते गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य    श्रृंखला जारी ...]

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Pani Suki Gyayi -Water Dried Away: a Garhwali Folktale for Managers and Management Lesson

    Garhwali Folktales, Fables, Traditional stories for Managers,/executives, boss, supervisors or Stories for management from Garhwal part- 8   

                        Folk Tales Collected and edited by: Bhishma Kukreti

              Long back in Jaspur of Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal, d the water source was in the main village. The Jaspur inhabitants were happy. The people used to fetch water for their needs. The people used to irrigate filed and people of Jaspur used to produce onions and garlic from the nearby village fields. There was no need to take animals far for their thirst.   
  However, one day, the water dried away from the main village. The water source appeared itself one kilometer down of the village in west direction. Now, the villagers have to go another water source for water half the kilometer away in east direction.
The reason was simple, a women having menstruation days. The terrible woman washed her menstruated clothes into water source. The water god cursed and water despaired. Now, that water source is down in west one kilometer away from Jaspur. 
We should never wash menstruated clothes into water source.

** This story is commonly remembered in village Jaspur whenever the water scarcity and water source is discussed.
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 1/12/2013 for review and interpretation
                  References
1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003
2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
Xx
South Asian, Garhwali Folktale for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Rudraprayag Garhwal for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Chamoli Garhwal for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Uttarkashi Garhwal for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Tehri Garhwal for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Pauri Garhwal for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Dehradun Garhwal for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Haridwar Garhwal for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, Central Himalaya for Managers and Management Lesson; South Asian, Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, North India for Managers and Management Lesson;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

History of Loosing Kumaon Kingdom by King Doti Kalyan Chandra

                   (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 203

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                     Capturing Rudrapur and Vijaypur by Rohila 

               Hari Ram Joshi was in charge of Almora when Ali Muhammad Khan was preparing for attacking Kumaon. Once, Hari Ram Joshi worked under Shiv Datt Joshi in Tarai management.  Perhaps Hari ram Joshi did not pursue matter to King Doti Kalyan Chandra to send money and help to Shiv Datt Joshi.
               However, even after no help from King Kalyan Chandra, Shiv Datt Joshi resisted Rohila attack on Rudrapur with a small army. The Kumaon army led by Shiv Datt could not resist the army of Muhammad Khan. Shiv Datt Joshi ran away and took shelter in  Balkheri (Barakhaidi) fort near Kathgodam. At the same time, Awadh ruler Mansoorali Khan (Safdarjang) recaptured Kumaoni territories Bilari and Sarbana. The Rohila ruler appointed Hafiz Rahmat Khan as local representative for Rudrapur region. Hafiz Rahmat Khan followed Shiv Datt Joshi. Shiv Datt Joshi and his army ran away towards Almora. Hafiz Rahmat Khan followed Shiv Datt Joshi and captured Vijaypur near Bhimtal. Rohila Commander Bakshi Sardar Khan stayed in Balkheri. He was there to stop Kumaon army to come in plains.
         Rohila captured Rudrapur and Vijaypur. The information reached to Kumaon King about loss of Rudrapur and Vijaypur.  Doti Kalyan Chandra deputed army to fight Rohila. The battle between Kumaon army and Rohila army took place at Vijaypur. Rohila defeated Kumaon army.

                            Destruction in Almora by Rohila Army
  As soon as Rohila defeated Kumaon army, Kumaon army ran towards Almora. No doubt Kalyan Chandra sent army to Vijayapur but did not take care for defense for Almora.  Rohila followed Kumaon army as if Kumaon army was guide for Rohilas.  Rohila armed forces reached to Almora via Ramgad, Pyuda, Suwal River.  As soon as Rohila army reached near Almora, the Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chandra ran towards Garhwal for shelter.
   Rohila army captured Almora with ease.
             Rohila (Afghan soldiers) destroyed temples and worship places in Almora and nearby villages. Rohila soldiers killed cows and they spilled cow blood on the alters and other worshiping medium. The Rohila soldiers took out gold and silver jewelries and melted those jewels and converted into gold and silver brick. Rohila soldiers made people slaves too.
                   The Rohila commanders sent soldiers in nearby villages to llot them and to destroy temples.  There are nose less, eyeless, earless idols in temples of Lakhnapur, Dwarhat, Katarmal, Bhimtal and Almora due to taking out ornaments from these parts of idols by Rohilas. The idols of Jageshwar and Bhramari Devi are safe because of bee biting.
             Rohilas looted the state money (one Crore), precious metals, ornaments etc from Palace and administrative buildings.  The Rohila army also captured people.
             The Rohilas burnt the records and other historical medium.  Nothing was left in palace. Therefore, the history records to know Kumaon history are not available.
            The Rohila ruler Ali Muhammad Khan became pleased to know the capturing Kumaon Kingdom. He sent precious presents for commander Hafiz Rahmat Khan.
                Rohila Sardar Ali Muhammad Khan reached to Almora. Most of Rohila soldiers were face geographical problems in hills of Kumaon. 
               After reaching to Almora, Ali Muhammad Khan distributed gifts to soldiers. However, Rohila soldiers were eager to go back in plains.
  The Tehri Riyasat register states that in October 1743, 32000 armed force of Ali Muhammad Khan attacked on Kumaon. After winning Kumaon, Ali Muhmmad Khan camped in Bansuli ka Sera. He captured 17000 men and women. Rohila ruler sent those men and women to Rohilkhand as slaves.
Kumaon King ran away with his queens from Almora and took shelter in Badhangarhi (Garhwal). Garhwal King Pradip Shah sent twelve nobles to welcome Kumaon King. Pradip Shah arranged for food and shelter for Kumaon king and his subordinates including queens.

                   Anup Singh Tadgi
  There was a patriotic sardar Anup Singh who sent letters to village to village in Kumaon not to surrender Rohilas and not to provide them information. He sent message that Rohilas were not our King. Anup Singh gathered other patriots and reached to Lobha King.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 1/12/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev's Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -204   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued....
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued...
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued...)

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                                   उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन के मुख्य प्रकार

                                       Types of Tourism in Uttarakhand

                (   Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar series-3 )


                                             उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 3

                                                लेखक : भीष्म कुकरेती                             
                                               (विपणन व विक्री प्रबंधन विशेषज्ञ )


                                                                                                                                                                                                                    SBK
   उत्तराखण्ड में निम्न पर्यटन वर्त्तमान में विद्यमान हैं या निम्न पर्यटन माध्यमों की सम्भावनाएं है   -
धार्मिक पर्यटन
सांस्कृतिक पर्यटन
सामाजिक पर्यटन
शैक्षणिक पर्यटन
कृषि पर्यटन - ग्रामीण पर्यटन , बागवानी पर्यटन , फूल दर्शन पर्यटन , खेती पर्यटन
साहसीय पर्यटन अथवा खतरनाक करतबी या कृत्य पर्यटन
अन्वेषणीय पर्यटन
प्रागैतिहासिक स्थल पर्यटन
वैन भ्रमण पर्यटन
बाइसाइकल या मोटर साइकल पर्यटन
जलक्रीड़ा या जल आनंद पर्यटन
भौगोलिक पर्यटन
पर्यावरण पर्यटन
औद्योगिक पर्यटन /व्यापार पर्यटन
राजनैतिक पर्यटन
विशेष मनोरजन हेतु पर्यटन
स्वास्थ्य लाभ पर्यटन
युद्ध स्थल या विदेशी सीमा दर्शन पर्यटन
जनम देने  हेतु पर्यटन
आपदा दर्शन पर्यटन
फ़िल्म पर्यटन
ट्रैकिंग पर्यटन
रोमांस या मून पर्यटन
खेल पर्यटन
भोजन पर्यटन
साहित्यिक पर्यटन
अनुभव प्राप्ति हेतु विशेष पर्यटन
उपरोक्त पर्यटन को हम सैकड़ों भागों में बाँट सकते हैं।
                   
                                 




Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 1/12/2013

contact ID bckukreti@gmail.com

                                    References

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006  -2007  , उत्तरांचल में  पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना , शैलवाणी (150  अंकों में ) , कोटद्वारा , गढ़वाल
xx

उत्तराखंड पर्यटन विपणन प्रबंध के अंतर्गत उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन के मुख्य प्रकार; गढ़वाल उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन के मुख्य प्रकार; कुमाऊं उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन के मुख्य प्रकार; हरिद्वार उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन के मुख्य प्रकार; देहरादून उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन के मुख्य प्रकार;श्रृंखला

Notes on Types of Tourism in Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Pauri  Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Dehradun ,Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Haridwar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Types of Tourism in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Central Himalaya ;Types of Tourism in  Uttarakhand, North India; Types of Tourism in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, South Asia

[Bhishma Kukreti]

               Importance of Ecosystem Management Lesson in Garhwali Folktale

(A Research Review on Garhwali-Kumaoni –Haridwar Folk Literature)
                                (Folktales for Managers Series)
                          Management Lessons in Garhwali-Kumaoni Folktales -8
                Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature part -10

                     Research and Review by: Bhishma Kukreti

                In Garhwal, there were many sayings and precautions to save water and environment as never cut trees above water source, never do excrete human wastes into any form of water.
              The following folktale from Gangasalan Garhwal is very important tales for teaching new generation to pay attention of workplace hygiene and keeping clean ecosystem in locality.
The folktale is as under -
                        Pani Suki Gyayi -Water Dried Away: A Garhwali Folktale
              Long back in Jaspur of Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal, d the water source was in the main village. The Jaspur inhabitants were happy. The people used to fetch water for their needs. The people used to irrigate filed and people of Jaspur used to produce onions and garlic from the nearby village fields. There was no need to take animals far for their thirst.   
  However, one day, the water dried away from the main village. The water source appeared itself one kilometer down of the village in west direction. Now, the villagers have to go another water source for water half the kilometer away in east direction.
The reason was simple, a women having menstruation days. The terrible woman washed her menstruated clothes into water source. The water god cursed and water despaired. Now, that water source is down in west one kilometer away from Jaspur. 
We should never wash menstruated clothes into water source.

** This story is commonly remembered in village Jaspur whenever the water scarcity and water source is discussed.

                            Defining Ecosystem Management
   The ecosystem management is a process that conserves major ecological services, natural resources and at the same time caters the social economical and other needs of the region.
FEMT (1993) defines ecosystem management that s plan or strategy to manage ecosystem to provide all associated organisms, as opposed to a strategy or plan for managing individual species. 
Overbay (1992) defines ecosystem management that careful and skillful of ecological, economic, social and managerial principles in managing ecosystem to produce , restore or sustain ecosystem, integrity and desired conditions, uses, products,  values, and service over the long term.
EPA (1994) defines ecosystem management that to restore and maintain the health sustainability and biological diversity of ecosystems while supporting sustainable economics and commerce.

              Benefits of Ecosystem Management
           Due to the protection of environment measures taken by society there is less loss of human beings and natural resources at the time o climate changes.
Ecosystem management enhances resilience and reduces vulnerability of food scarcity.
By effective ecosystem management the people get secured food supply.
By effective ecosystem management the society gets social well being facilities.
The effective ecosystem management reduces social disruption.
The effective ecosystem management reduces human pressure on ecosystem, hence reduces poverty.

          Seven Pillars of Ecosystem Management

   Famous environment expert Robert Lackey (1998) writes that there are seven pillars of effective ecosystem management –
1-The ecosystem management reflects continuous evolution of social values and priorities.
2- Ecosystem management is placed based
3- Ecosystem management should maintain ecosystem in the appropriate conditions for achieving the set goal.
4- Ecosystem management should take the ability of ecosystem to respond to variety of manmade or natural stresses.
5-Ecosystem management may or may not result in emphasis on biological diversity
6- The term 'sustainability' should be defined clearly.
7- Scientific information is important for effective ecosystem management.
Above small write up about ecosystem management is proof that Garhwali folktales and literature is conscious of ecosystem management understand the procedure of ecosystem management. 


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti bckukreti@gmail.com  1/12/2013

     Notes on   Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni –Haridwar Folk Literature to be continued....
Management Lessons in Garhwali-Kumaon Folktales, Folk Stories, traditional Narratives, Community stories to be continued ...
Research Review of Garhwali-Kumaoni Literature to be continued....
                  References
1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003
2-Anil Dabral, 2007, Garhwali Gadya Parampara,
3- Bhishma Kukreti, 2003, Salan Biten Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
4- Bhishma Kukreti, October 2007, Gadhwali Lok kathaon ma Prabandh Shastra ki suchna, Chitthi Patrika (Lok Ktha Visheshank), Dehradun


Xx
Notes on Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Pauri Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Malla Dhangu, Gangasalan Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Tehri Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Dehradun Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Haridwar Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Chamoli Garhwal; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, Uttarakhand ;  Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, Central Himalaya; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, North India; Importance of Ecosystem Management lesson in Garhwali Folktale from Garhwal, South Asia;       

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                                                काश ! मी बि सेक्युलर ह्वे जांदु !

                                            चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती

     
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )


घरवळि -सूणो ! तुमन कबि एक सुख बि दे हूंद त मि बोल्दु म्यार ब्यौ सुफल ह्वे ग्यायि !
मि - नाति नतणा वाळ ह्वे गे अर अबि बि ब्यौ से सुख की आकंक्षा करणी छे ?
घरवळि -तुम तैं ले क्या हम जनान्युं तैं कथगा डिस्क्रिनेसन झेलण पड़द ?
मि - पण मीन त संदूक की चाबी तीमा ही सौंपीं च।
घरवळि -हां पण संदूकुंद कुछ ह्वावो तब दिखुद कि तुम चाबी कन दींदा धौं !
मि - ह्यां आज ह्वे क्या च आज ?
घरवळि -अरे मुहल्ला मा सबि सेक्युलर ह्वे गेन अर एक हम ही छंवां जु अबि तलक नॉन सेक्युलर छंवां
मि - सेक्युलर ?
घरवळि -हाँ तुम तैं क्या पता नॉन सेक्युलर से हूण से समाज मा कथगा बेज्ज्ती होंद। इख तलक कि मिसेज अर मिस्टर मुहमद खान बि सेक्युलर ह्वे गेन ।
मि - हैं ? पण मिसेज अर मिस्टर मुहमद खान त पैलि बिटेन सेक्युलर छा।
घरवळि -हां पण प्रमाण पत्र तो ब्याळि मील कि मिसेज अर मिस्टर मुहमद खान सेक्युलर छन।
मि - क्या कार वूंन कि ऊँ तैं सेक्युलर हूणों प्रमाण पत्र मीलि गे।
घरवळि -मिसेज अर मिस्टर मुहमद खानन  ब्याळि खुले आम बिल्डिंग की आम सभा मा कश्मीर मा संबिधान की धारा 370 की जोर से वकालात कार।
मि - हैं कश्मीर मा धारा 370 की वकालात से स्क्यूलर हूण से क्या लीण दीण च ?
घरवळि -किलै नी च।  जब नीतीश कुमार बुल्दन कि जब तक भारतीय जनता पार्टी कश्मीर मा धारा 370 की बात नि करदी छे तो तब तक भाजापा सेक्युलर छे
मि - क्वा च नीतीश कुमार सेक्युलर -नॉन सेक्युलर प्रमाण पत्र दीण वाळ ?
घरवळि -मि नि जाणदु पैन तुम बि मुहला का पंडित टोटकाचार्य जन स्क्यूलर का सर्टिफिकेट लै आवो।
मि - पंडित तोटकाचार्यन  सेक्युलर बणणो वास्ता  क्या कार ?
घरवळि -पंडित तोटकाचार्यन परसि सत्य नारायण व्रत कथा मा ब्वाल कि उर्दू लफज एक नफीस भाषा च , उर्दू इंडिया की शान च।
मि - उर्दू से क्या लीण दीण सेक्युलिरिज्म से ? हरेक भारतीय भाषा मा 30 प्रतिशत से जादा अरबी लफ्ज छन।  फिर उर्दू क्वी गैर भारतीय भाषा त छ ना ?
घरवळि -मि नि जाणदु कि उर्दू का  सेक्युलिरिज्म से क्या तालुकात च पण हम तै बि सेक्युलर बणन चयेंद
मि - यां पण हम सुबेर सुबेर मार्कण्डेय पुराण मा विश्व हित कामना का वास्ता देवी श्रोत्रम का जाप त करदा छंवां कि ना ?
घरवळि -नै नै देवी जाप तो नॉन सेक्युलर हूणै निसाणी च।
मि - त सेक्युलर हूणों क्या निसाणी च।
घरवळि -द्याखो ! सि कजीरवाळ बि सेक्युलर ह्वे गे।
मि - म्युनिस्पैलिटी की रोड मा चोरी -चकारी से पक्की दुकान बणाण वाळ सेक्युलर ह्वे गे ?
घरवळि -हाँ।  मुहल्ला वाळुन वै तैं बि सेक्युलर हूणों प्रमाण पत्र दे आल। 
मि - क्या कार वैन ?
घरवळि -वैन खुलेआम फ़कीर जुम्मन  अली की आलोचना कार।
मि - क्या ?
घरवळि -कजीरवाळन मुहल्ला मा साफ़ सफाई की मीटिंग मा ब्वाल कि फकीर जुम्मन अली द्वारा गौ ह्त्या समाप्त हूण चयेंद वाळ आंदोलन  दिखावा मात्र च।
मि - गौ हत्या बंद हूण चयेंद आंदोलन का  सेक्युलरिज्म से क्या रिस्ता ?
घरवळि -मि नि जाणदो कि गौ हत्या बंद कारो आंदोलन का   समर्थक तै गाळि दीण से एक मनिख कनकै सेक्युलर ह्वे जांदो ? पण कजीरवाळन गौ समर्थक फकीर जुम्मन अली तै गाळि देन तो कजीरवाळ तैं सेक्युलर हूणो प्रमाण पत्र त मीलि गए कि ना ?
मि - कुज्य़ाण यी हमर मुहल्ला मा क्या क्या खटकरम हूणा छन  धौं ?
घरवळि -मि नि जाणदो कि मुहल्ला मा क्या क्या क्या खटकरम हूणा छन।  बस तुम सेक्युलर हूणों प्रमाण पत्र लै आवो।
मि - पण प्रमाण पत्र कखन लाण ?
घरवळि -तुम तरुण तेजपाल की पैरवी कौर द्यावो
मि - तरुण तेजपाल को समर्थन से सेक्युलर को क्या संबन्ध?
घरवळि -देखो चूँकि तरुण तेजपाल सेकुलर च तो तरुण तेजपाल का समर्थन करण से तुम अफिक सेक्युलर ह्वै जैल्या !
मि - हे ! ईश्वर  तू अब में से क्या क्या कराण चाणी छे ?
घरवळि - खबरदार जो इश्वर ब्वाल धौं।  इश्वर बुलण नॉन सेक्युलर हूणो निसाणी च अर खुदा बुलण सेक्युलर हूणो निसाणी च
मि - मनुष्य हूणो निसाणी क्या च?  मि मनुष्य बणन चाणु छौं।
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  2/12/2013

[गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य, सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी  दृष्टि से, हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ, सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं;- जसपुर निवासी  के  जाती असहिष्णुता सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ढांगू वाले के  पृथक वादी  मानसिकता सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;गंगासलाण  वाले के  भ्रष्टाचार, अनाचार, अत्याचार पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; लैंसडाउन तहसील वाले के  धर्म सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;पौड़ी गढ़वाल वाले के वर्ग संघर्ष सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; उत्तराखंडी  के पर्यावरण संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;मध्य हिमालयी लेखक के विकास संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;उत्तरभारतीय लेखक के पलायन सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; मुंबई प्रवासी लेखक के सांस्कृतिक विषयों पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; महाराष्ट्रीय प्रवासी लेखक का सरकारी प्रशासन संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; भारतीय लेखक के राजनीति विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; सांस्कृतिक मुल्य ह्रास पर व्यंग्य , गरीबी समस्या पर व्यंग्य, आम आदमी की परेशानी विषय के व्यंग्य, जातीय  भेदभाव विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; एशियाई लेखक द्वारा सामाजिक  बिडम्बनाओं, पर्यावरण विषयों   पर  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, राजनीति में परिवार वाद -वंशवाद   पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ग्रामीण सिंचाई   विषयक  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, विज्ञान की अवहेलना संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य  ; ढोंगी धर्म निरपरेक्ष राजनेताओं पर आक्षेप , व्यंग्य , अन्धविश्वास  पर चोट करते गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य    श्रृंखला जारी

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Creating History by Help from Garhwal King to Kumaon King to Fight with Outsider Attacker

                   (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)
   
         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 204

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                    In the past, Garhwal King and Kumaon King used to fight with each other and they used to please outside (Mogul Badshah) to down each other.
However, when around 1743, Rohila Chieftain Ali Muhammad Khan captured Kumaon and also send message to attack on Garhwal, the Garhwal king came out to help his traditional enemy. Garhwal King Pradip Shah provided honorable shelter to Kumaon King Badhangadhi , Garhwal.
         Kumaon King Doti Kalyan Chandra restructured and recollected his army. Garhwal King reached to Badhangadhi with his 30000 armed forces (as per record in Tehri riyasat). Both the Kings started marching towards Almora. Both the Kings marched through Gairsain, Mehalchauri, Lobhagadhi (Garhwal. The Garhwal-Kumaon Kings did not get any resistance from Rohila in Mahargaon, Badaiti and Dwarhat of Kumaon territory.  Both the Kings captured on Doonagiri and Dwarhat. 
               From Doonagiri Garhwal and Kumaon armies marched towards Kaindari and Borari where Rohila army had camped.
        It seems that there was fierce battle between Garhwal-Kumaon army and Rohila army near Dunagiri and twenty miles away from Almora. Beten informed that both kingdom army stopped Rohilas in Ghirmundi.
          The Tehri riyasat record states that Nagarkotiya soldiers of Guldar Fatevdaru and slidiers from plains were also there in Garhwal Kingdom army. Record states that Pradip Shah reached on Dungri hill with Kumaon king in December 1743.
The folklore say that Garhwal army commander fought with bravery.
However, Rohila army defeated collective army of Garhwal and Kumaon Kingdoms.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 2/12/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev's Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Sarkar, fall of Mogul Empire
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -205   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued....
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued...
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued...)
Xx
Notes on History of Kumaon; History of Pithoragarh Kumaon; History of Champawat Kumaon; History of Bageshwar, Kumaon; History of Mahargaon, Kumaon; History of  Chaukhitiya, Kumaon; History of badaiti, Kumaon; History of Dwarhat, Kumaon; History of Doonagiri, Kumaon; History of Kaindari, Kumaon; History of Borari ,Kumaon; History of Ghirmundi, Kumaon; History of Dungari hill, Kumaon; History of Almora, Kumaon; History of Nainital, Kumaon; History of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaon; History of Kashipur, Kumaon; History of Rudrapur, Kumaon;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                                पर्यटन उद्यम तंत्र या पर्यटन के अंग विन्यास
                                     Tourism System in Uttarakhand
                                         
              (   Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar series-4)


                                             उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 4

                                                लेखक : भीष्म कुकरेती                             
                                               (विपणन व विक्री प्रबंधन विशेषज्ञ )


किसी भी स्थान या क्षेत्र के पर्यटन उद्यम में निम्न भागीदार होते हैं
                                           पर्यटक

पर्यटन दोयम में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण स्थान पर्यटक का होता है।
पर्यटन उद्यम प्रबंधन में पर्यटक की आधारभूत आवश्यकता , पर्यटक की आकांक्षाएं , चाहत, पर्यटक का मानवीय व्यवहार को जानना अति आवश्यक होता है।
यह बात प्रत्येक देशवासी व उत्तराखंड वासी को ध्यान रखना चाहिए कि पर्यटकों की आवश्यकताओं , चाहत व इच्छा , व्यवहार जानने की  जुम्मेवारी पर्यटन उद्यमी व सरकार ही नही है अपितु नागरिक का  भी उत्तरदायित्व होता है।

                                          समाज व पर्यटन उद्यम में जुडी मानव श्रृंखला

पर्यटन उद्यम का दूसरा महत्व पूर्ण अंग समाज होता है। समाज की कर्तव्यपरायण भागीदारी के पर्यटन उद्यम चल ही नही सकता है।
समाज के व्यवहार , समाज के सामजिक व्यवस्थाओं व नियमों , सांस्कृतिक -सामजिक मूल्यों व भ्रांतियों , सांस्कृतिक विश्वासों व आख्यानो का पर्यटन पर अप्रतिम प्रभाव पड़ता है।
पर्यटन उद्यम से जुडी मानव श्रृंखला भी पर्यटन उद्यम का एक अभिन्न अंग है।
                              व्यापारिक संस्थान या पर्यटन साधन संस्थान

पर्यटन उद्यम विकास में या पर्यटन उद्यम को स्थायित्व देने में व्यापारिक संस्थानो , व्यापारिक साधन मुहय्या कराने वाली व्यवस्थाएं पर्यटन उद्यम के  महत्वपूर्ण भागीदार हैं. व्यक्तिगत साधन दायी भी पर्यटन उद्यम के भागीदार होते हैं।
सरकारी या गैरसरकारी व्यापारिक संस्थान या व्यक्ति कई तरह के पर्यटकों को साधन मुहय्या कराते हैं जैसे सूचना, ट्रांसपोर्ट  आदि।

                                    क्षेत्रीय आर्थिक व्यवस्था

क्षेत्रीय आर्थिक ढांचा व रोजगार व्यवस्था पर्यटन उद्यम का आधारभूत भागीदार है। 
                                   राजनैतिक व्यवस्था

राजनैतिक व्यवस्थाएं जैसे आतंकवाद , हिप्पीवाद , हड़ताल आदि पर्यटन को सभी ओर से प्रभावित करती हैं।


            सरकार व प्रशासन

सरकार व प्रशासन से नियम , क़ानून व्यवस्था , उद्यम को छूट  देना व पर्यटन उद्यम को बढ़ावा देना , उद्यम को सहायता देना या उद्यम पर विराम लगाना आदि है।  सरकार व प्रशासन भी पर्यटन उद्यम का एक आवश्यक अंग है।


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 2/12/2013

Contact ID bckukreti@gmail.com

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar series to be continued ...

उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन श्रृंखला जारी ...

                                    References

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006  -2007  , उत्तरांचल में  पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना , शैलवाणी (150  अंकों में ) , कोटद्वारा , गढ़वाल
xx

Notes on Tourism System in Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Kumaon, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Bageshwar, Kumaon, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Almora, Kumaon, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Nainital, Kumaon, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Udham Singh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Tourism System in Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Tourism System in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Uttarkashi , Garhwal, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Tourism System in Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand;Tourism System in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalaya;Tourism System in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, North India;Tourism System in Garhwal, Uttarakhand, South Asia;