Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

              History Features of Chauhan of South Garhwal including Haridwar 

           History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -23

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -268

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

Around 1192, Ashokchall was ruling Uttarakhand including Shivalik region. We have knowledge of dozen of Chauhan branches in Garhwal,

                        Chauhan of South Garhwal
       The folklores provide following Chauhan branches
1-   Chauhan chieftain of Ajmer Gadhi – Already described in earlier chapter.
         2-Chauhan of Ratan Gadh
            Ratan Gadh was supposed to be above Brahmpur in Kunji. The chieftain (Gadhpati) of Ratan Garh was Dhammada Bisht. Dhammada Bisht are called the Chahman or Chauhan clan.
                      Chauhan of Jwalapur Hat
According to folklore there were two main Thakurai or Gadhi in Gangadwar (Haridwar) – Mayapur Hat and Jwalapur Hat. In Uttarakhand, Hat word is used for capital. Pundir rulers were chieftains of Mayapur Hat (Haridwar). Nearby Mayapur, there was another Garhi called Khailpur or Jwalapur Hat Gadh. Dhamdev Chauhan was one of the chieftains of Jwalapur Hat Gadh.
    As per folklore, the predecessors of Dhamdev Chauhan were Urmi Nag, Kurmi Nag, Ray Mangal. Afti, Mafti. Dham Dev had six brothers (Himalayan Folklore, page 34,146). It seems that Adhipati Chauhan the ruler of Jwalapur Hat was uncle of Dhamdev Chauhan. Adhipati Chauhan had seven sons. Only four names are referred in folklore and they are Jeet Singh, Bhup Singh, Kedar Singh and Uttam Singh.
                    Battles between Pundir and Chauhan

           There was regular fighting between Pundir of Mayapur and Chauhan of Jwalapur for smallest possible reason. There was fierce battle between Pundir and Chauhan for a bird. Pundir killed Adhipati and his seven sons and Dhamdev and his six brothers.
According to folklore, after defeat from Pundir, Chauhan of Jwalapur Hat (Haridwar) migrated to Parsari Gram of Garhwal and from they were called Parsara Rawat.
                   There is no other source for history of Chauhan of Jwalapur. Second Folklore states that Ameerdev Pundir was strong ruler of Mayapur Hat. The Katyuri King Preetam Dev married with Maldei the daughter of Ameerdev Pundir. The ruling period of Preetam Dev is around first part of eleventh century.
By calculation of Chauhans migrating to Parsara village and other folklores, it seems Pundir defeated Chauhan at the end of twelfth century.

** Read more about Chauhan clan connection with Garhwal and Haridwar History Features in next chapter .....
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 22/2//2014
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993 , The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -269   
Xx
History Features of Chauhan of South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Ajmer South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Udaypur Patti South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Dhangu South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Langur South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Sheela South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Bhabhar South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Kunji South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Brahmpuri South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of South Garhwal including Mayapur Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Jwalapur South Garhwal including Haridwar; History Features of Chauhan of Tala Dhangu South Garhwal including Haridwar;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Murt ke liye Murt Prateek or Tangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama

गढ़वाली  लोक नृत्य-गीतों  , लोक नाटकों  में मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -98   

                     Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)

The following example is for tangible symbol for Garhwali Folk Drama or For Songs-
फूलूं सी डाळी
भीख खतेणे
गढ़वाली  लोक नृत्य-गीतों , लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक का उदाहरण
अगास  की जोन पाये मैन  फूलूं सी डाळी
मैक तै मांगी भीख खतेणे 

(संदर्भ: डा शिवा नंद नौटियाल)
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 22 /2/2014

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
Xx
Tangible Symbol for Tangible  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays;  Tangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Tangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Tangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Tangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tangible Symbol for Tangible   in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Tangible Symbol for Tangible  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia;
गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक  ,  टिहरी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक, हरिद्वार गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक ;देहरादून गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक ;पौड़ी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक ;चमोली गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  मूर्त के लिए  मूर्त प्रतीक ;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

             History of Chauhan Aswal of East Garhwal

           History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -24

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -269

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                Alaknanda River divides Garhwal into two vertical parts –Eastern and western Garhwal.  Chahman or Chauhan ruled east and west Garhwal. Aswal means Aswar or cavalry soldier. The coins of Delhi Chauhan rulers show cavalry soldiers on the coins. Before Panwar took over Garhwal, Aswal Chauhan chieftains ruled various Gadhi. There is saying
Adho Aswal, Adho Garhwal (Half Garhwal, Half Aswal)
There is famous Patti in the name of Aswal as Aswalsyun.
Aswal were Thokdar (subordinate chieftain)  of Shila Patti in Gangasalan, South Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal. 


** Read more about Chauhan clan connection with Garhwal and Haridwar History Features in next chapter .....
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 23/2//2014
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993 , The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -270   
Xx
History of Chauhan Aswal of East Garhwal; History of Chauhan Aswal of Aslwalsyun, East Garhwal; History of Chauhan Aswal of Maniyarsyun, East Garhwal; History of Chauhan Aswal of Kafolsyun East Garhwal; History of Chauhan Aswal of Banelsyun East Garhwal;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Murt ke Liye Amurt Prateek or Intangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama

गढ़वाली  लोक नृत्य-गीतों  , लोक नाटकों  में मूर्त के लिए  अमूर्त  प्रतीक

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -99   

                     Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)
The following is an example for Murt ke Liye Amurt Prateek or Intangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama -

गढ़वाली  लोक नृत्य-गीतों , लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक का उदाहरण

अगास की जोन पाये मैंने
वा बिजली कख छुटी हे - (कालू भंडारी नृत्य गीत )
(संदर्भ: डा शिवा नंद नौटियाल)
In this folk drama song the 'अगास की जोन' is intangible symbol for tangible
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 23 /2/2014

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
Xx
Intangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays;  Intangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Intangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Intangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Intangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Intangible Symbol for Tangible  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Intangible Symbol for Tangible in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia;
गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक  ,  टिहरी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक, हरिद्वार गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक ;देहरादून गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक ;पौड़ी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक ;चमोली गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  मूर्त के लिए अमूर्त प्रतीक ;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                      पुलिस थाणा याने रुस्वड़ जख खाण पीणै बथ हूँदन
                                 चुनगेर ,चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती       
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )

पुलिस थाणा कुछ ना एक  रुस्वड़  च जख खाण पीणै की ही बात हूंदन।
क्वी  जेबकतरा पुलिस स्टेसन से भैर आंद त भैर दूर वैक दगड्या पुछद ,"कथगा खाइ अर कखम खाइ ?" कखम खाई माने कैं  जगा मार पोड।
जेबकतरा कु कथगा तरां का जबाब हूँदन -
अरे  आज त लात बि खैन , पुठों मा डंडा बि खैन। साला हवलदार पूरो माल बि खै गे अर मार खाण से बचणो बान इंस्पेकटर तैं बि खलाण पोड़।
नै ! आज मार त नि खाइ पण जथगा कमाइ नि ह्वे वै से जादा पुलिस अर कोर्ट का नुमाइंदा खै गेन।
इनी आम जनता से पुलिस थाणा बारा मा बात कारो तो जनता बुल्दी बल थाणा ! चाय मा जथगा शक्कर डाळो  चाय उथगा मिठी हूंद।  इनी पुलिस स्टेसन मा रुप्या खलावो अर बलात्कार केस से बरी ह्वे जावो। हवालात की हवा खाण मुहावरा बि आम जनता मा मशहूर च याने पुलिस स्टेसन अवश्य ही रुस्वड़ च जख पुलिस की लात , घूँसा , डंडा खाये जांदन अर पुलिस की लात , घूँसा , डंडा कम मात्रा मा खाये जावन यांक वास्ता पुलिस वाळ या ऊंक बच्चों का वास्ता मिठै खलाये जांद। सबि वकील (कपिल सिब्बल अर अरूण जेटली छोड़िक ) बुल्दन बल बेईमान पुलिस की बात त जाण द्यावो ईमानदार पुलिस बि खांदी (घूस ) च बस खलाण आण चयेंद।
पुलिस स्टेसन मा पुलिस वाळु दगड़ निगोसिएशन इन हूंद -
साब आप चिंता नि कारो तै अभियुक्त तैं छोड़ी द्यावो अर बाल बच्चों कुण  मिठै  ल्यावो।
भौत सा जुर्म जब बड़ो हूंद अर जब हवलदार से मिठै खलाणै बात हूंद त हवलदार बुलद ," हरामजादा ! बूढ़े बाप  को मारता है और   केवल मिठाइ खिलाने की बात करता है !" इन मा फिर पुलिस  तैं मटन मच्छी खलाणो बात हूंदी। पुलिस तैं खलाणो निगोसिएशन चाय से शुरू हूंद अर फ़ार्म हाउस मा पार्टी तक पौंछद।  चाय माने सौ पचास रुपया अर फ़ार्म हाउस पार्टी माने लाखों रुपया।
जुर्म बि सीजन का हिसाब से घटद बढ़द छन अर जब जुर्म मा रिसेसन हूंद तो पुलिस वाळ इन छ्वीं लगांदन --
कोर्ट  परिसर मा एक पुलिस चौकी कु पुलिस वाळ - धंधा कन चलणु च ?
हैंक पुलिस चौकी कु पुलिस वाळ- ख़ाक चलणु च ! अरे अजकाल तो चाय कु बि वांदा हुयुं च।  पता नि अचकाल जेबकतरा बि हड़ताल पर किलै जयां छन धौं ।  त्यार क्य़ा हाल छन ?
पैल पुलिस चौकी कु पुलिस वाळ - हूं उन त रिसेसन ही चलणु च पण कॉलेज नजीक हूण से गांजा चरस कु धंधा से गुजारा करणा छंवां।  अचकाल एक साल ह्वे गे क्वी कतल नि ह्वे।  वाइफ बुलणि छे पुलिस की नौकरी से  बढ़िया त महात्मा गिरी ही ठीक च जख खुले आम चढ़ावा आंद.
हैंक पुलिस चौकी कु पुलिस वाळ- धंधा इन चौपट हुयुं च कि छै मैना से अपण नौनु तैं रोज बौगांदु कि बस जनि क्वी कतल को केस चौकी मा आलु त्वैकुण नई   मोटर साइकल लौलु ! रोज पुछणु रौंद कि कब कतल ह्वाल ?
पुलिस वाळ ख़ास चौकी मा पोस्टिंग का वास्ता मथिन तक मिठै भिजवान्द अर फिर रोज चौकीम बैठिक अपराध्युं से मिठै लीणु रौंद। 

पुलिस स्टेसन मा मार खाण अर घूस खलाण की ही बात हूँदन बस



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  23 /2/2014
*कथा , स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं।
[गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य, सौज सौज मा मजाक  से, हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ, सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं;- जसपुर निवासी  द्वारा  जाती असहिष्णुता सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ढांगू वाले द्वारा   पृथक वादी  मानसिकता सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;गंगासलाण  वाले द्वारा   भ्रष्टाचार, अनाचार, अत्याचार पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; लैंसडाउन तहसील वाले द्वारा   धर्म सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;पौड़ी गढ़वाल वाले द्वारा  वर्ग संघर्ष सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; उत्तराखंडी  द्वारा  पर्यावरण संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;मध्य हिमालयी लेखक द्वारा  विकास संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;उत्तरभारतीय लेखक द्वारा  पलायन सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; मुंबई प्रवासी लेखक द्वारा  सांस्कृतिक विषयों पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; महाराष्ट्रीय प्रवासी लेखक द्वारा  सरकारी प्रशासन संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; भारतीय लेखक द्वारा  राजनीति विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; सांस्कृतिक मुल्य ह्रास पर व्यंग्य , गरीबी समस्या पर व्यंग्य, आम आदमी की परेशानी विषय के व्यंग्य, जातीय  भेदभाव विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; एशियाई लेखक द्वारा सामाजिक  बिडम्बनाओं, पर्यावरण विषयों   पर  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, राजनीति में परिवार वाद -वंशवाद   पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ग्रामीण सिंचाई   विषयक  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, विज्ञान की अवहेलना संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य  ; ढोंगी धर्म निरपरेक्ष राजनेताओं पर आक्षेप , व्यंग्य , अन्धविश्वास  पर चोट करते गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य    श्रृंखला जारी  ] 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Garhwal

           History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -25

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -270

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)


   There were major three Gadhis (fortes) of Chauhan in western Alaknanda Valley.
Ramola Garh- The branch of Chauhan Ramola ruled for many years on Ramolagarh. There are folklore available for Ramola Garh. Ramola Garh was situated in Ramoli Pargana.
Rainka Garh- a Chauhan branch (Ramola) ruled over this Rainka Garh of Rainka Pargana.

Uppu Garh- Uppu Garh was situated in west of Alaknanda River near Shrinagar. There was Rope Bridge to cross Alaknanda River. At danger the Uppu Garh army used to cut bridge. There is no record for Chauhan capturing Uppu Garh or building fort here. The Last chieftain of Uppu Garh was Kaffu Chauhan. Ajaypal the Panwar King defeated Kaffu Chauhan and Ajaypal captured Uppu Garh.


** Read more about Chauhan clan connection with Garhwal and Haridwar History Features in next chapter .....


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 24/2//2014
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993 , The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -271   
Xx
History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Garhwal; History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Tehri Garhwal; History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Udaipur Patti, Tehri Garhwal; History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Ramola Pargana, Tehri Garhwal; History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Rainka Pargana Tehri Garhwal; History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Ranika Garh Tehri Garhwal; History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Ramola Garh Tehri Garhwal; History of Chauhans of Western Alaknanda Valley in Uppu Garh Tehri Garhwal; History of Kaffu Chauhan of Western Alaknanda Valley in Tehri Garhwal;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Silswal migrating to Kadti from Silsu: A Garhwali Folk Story 

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional Stories, Community Narratives -66

  Compiled and Edited by: Bhishma Kukreti (Management Training Expert)
(Narrated by Shri Mohan Lal Silswal of Kadti, Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal)

         Silsu Devta is commonly called Danda Ka Nagraja of Banelsyun. Diswal or Silswal in old time) of Silsu village (Banelsyun, Pauri Garhwal) are priest of Danda Nagraja. Danda Nagraja is very Jagrit (effective) deity of the region.  The deity of Danda Nagraja is also called Silsu Devta.
      There is Silsu Devta temple in Kadti (Malla Dhangu) too. It is said that Kadtwal Bhatt of Kadti and Jalli used to worship Silsu deity by their own. Once, there was distress in Kadti –Jalli. People of Jalli-Kadti did many rituals but distress was not reduced. One night, the village chief of Kadti saw the dream and in dream he saw Silsu Devta. Silsu Devta told to village chief of Kadti that he (Silsu Deity) requires a Silswal as ritual Priest for his worshipping in Kadti Silsu temple.
                Kadtwal Bhatt of Kadti-Jalli went to Silsu village to get a Silswal priest for Silsu temple in Kadti. Silswal of Silsu village became ready to send a Silswal Pujari to Kadti. It was sure that the Silswal Pujari had to settle in Kadti.  Silswal of Silsu put a condition that they will send a Silswal Pujari to Kadti on only one condition that Silswal family would not come under Kadtwal Bhatt Padhan (village chief) but Silswal would be Padhan too. Kadtwal Bhatt agreed that Silswal family would not come under Bhatt Padhan.
  A Silswal Pujari (priest) family came to Kadti and settled there in Kadti. Silswal are priest for Silsu temple in Kadti. Silswal had separate Padhanchari in Kadti and Kadtwal Bhatt had separate Padhanchari in Kadti.
 

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 24/ 2/2014 for review and interpretation
Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional stories, Community Narratives for Effective Managers, Effective executives, Effective Boss, Effective Supervisors or Stories for Effective management, management Lesson from Garhwali Folk Literature from Garhwal, to be continued ...in next chapter

                                 References

1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003, 
2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun
3- Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Kathaon ma Prabandh Vigyan ka Tantu , Chitthi Patri's Lok Kathayen Visheshank  , Dehradun
Xx
Silswal migrating to Kadti from Silsu: A Garhwali Folk Story; Silswal migrating to Kadti from Silsu: A Garhwali Folk Story from Kadti (Malla Dhangu) Pauri Garhwal; Silswal migrating to Kadti from Silsu: A Garhwali Folk Story from Jalli (Malla Dhangu) Pauri Garhwal; Silswal migrating to Kadti from Silsu: A Garhwali Folk Story from Kandai (Malla Dhangu) Pauri Garhwal; Silswal migrating to Kadti from Silsu: A Garhwali Folk Story from Silogi (Malla Dhangu) Pauri Garhwal; Silswal migrating to Kadti from Silsu: A Garhwali Folk Story from Silsu (Banelsyun Pauri Garhwal; Silswal migrating to Kadti from Silsu: A Garhwali Folk Story from Danda Nagraja,  Pauri Garhwal;       

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Mark in Garhwali Folk Drama 

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -100
गढ़वाली  लोक  लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण का उदाहरण

                     Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)

                           Laksana or Characteristics Mark in Drama

             In Natyashastra, Bharat describes thirty six 'Lakshan' or 'Laksana' of in drama. About the significance of word 'Laksana', the commentators of Natya Shastra are not at all unanimous.  There are ten views about 'Lakshana or Laksana'.   One view states that 'Laksana' differs from Alankar (figure of speech) and Guna (Properties).
Bharat states Laksana as 'Bhavarthmati' or those are acted for emotions of mind and meaning of words.

                        Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Mark

To embellish the composition with Alankar or figures of speech and Gunas or Properties as if with ornaments, for creating manifold meaning is called Bhushana or Vibhushana Laksana or Ornateness Mark in a good drama.

       The following is the example of Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Mark in Garhwali Folk drama-
गढ़वाली  लोक  लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण का उदाहरण

              विभूषण अर्थात  वाक्य , काव्य जो अलंकारों  गुणों से सम्पन हो , शरीर पर आभूषण व व्यक्ति के अपने गुण मिश्रित रूप से शोभा देते हैं  प्रकार विभूषण लक्षण भी नाटक में शोभा देता है।
              गढ़वाली लोक नाटक में विभूषण  भूषण लक्षण का एक उदाहरण इस प्रकार है -


प्रेमी अपणी प्रेमिका से - चतुर्थी  अदा चांद क तरां चारों तरफ इन चादनी फैलीं च जन बुल्यां त्यरो मेरो प्रेम कु उज्यळ फैल्युं हो।

(संदर्भ: भीष्म कुकरेती द्वारा संकलित गढ़वाली  लोक नाटकों की वार्ताएं ,: गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों का चरित्र व गुण , शैलवाणी के 2014 के कई अंकों में )



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 23 /2/2014

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

                 References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
Xx
Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Marks in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays;  Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Marks in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Marks in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Marks in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Marks in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Marks in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia;    Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Marks in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Vibhushan Laksana or Ornateness Marks in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia;
गढवाली लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण ,  टिहरी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण , हरिद्वार गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण  ;देहरादून गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण ;पौड़ी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण;चमोली गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में विभूषण /भूषण लक्षण ;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

              मि तैं ग्राम प्रधान बणावो: म्यार विकास का 14  सूत्री कार्यक्रम

                            चुनगेर ,चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती       
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )

अब लोकसभा चुनाव नजीक आणा छन अर गढ़वाल मा पंचायत चुनाव की खबर च।
तो मी बि चाणु छौं कि ग्राम प्रधान बणी जौं।  म्यार विकास का 20 सूत्री कार्यक्रम इ छन -
१- मनरेगा जन प्रोग्रैम मा म्यार पूरो परिवार सम्म्लित ह्वे जालो।
२- गाँव का लँडेर -लफंगा जु बची गेन ऊंक नाम बि मनरेगा प्रोग्राम मा शामिल ह्वे जाल।
३- कोटद्वार -ऋषिकेश मा एक एक सलाहकार बिठाये जाल जु हमर गाँव का बच्चों  की अंग्रेजी स्कूल मा भर्ती करणो इंतजाम कारल।
४- देहरादून , ऋषिकेश , कोटद्वारम स्कुल्या बच्चों कुण ग्राम  सभा की तरफ से होस्टल का इंतजाम करे जालु जां से ग्राम वासियों तैं अपण बच्चों तैं अंग्रेजी स्कूल मा भर्ती करण मा कठिनाई नि ह्वावु।
५-गाँव से पलायन करण वाळु तैं इंसेंटिव  याने प्रोत्साहन दिए जाल।  ग्राम वासी द्वारा पलायन करणो पांच साल बाद तक प्रवासी ग्राम वासी का डाळ -बूटों की देखरेख ग्राम सभा कारली .
६- गां मा मकान चिणणो बान शहरुं से  या नेपाल से प्रशिक्षित कर्मिक बुलाये जाल अर गां मा कैक बि काम हो यूं कर्मिकों तैं ग्राम पंचायत भंवन मा ठहराणो मुफ्त इंतजाम कराये जाल
७-हमारी  ग्राम सभा नेपाल , उत्तर प्रदेश अथवा बिहार का कुछ ग्राम सभाओं दगड़ शासकीय इकरारनामा कारली जां से हमर ग्राम सभा तैं प्रशिक्षित कर्मिक प्राइयरिटी पर मीलन।
८- हमर नजीक का हाई स्कूल , इंटर कॉलेज मा वै इ मास्टर -मास्ट्रयाणी तैं आणै इजाजत होलि जु हमर बच्चों तैं बेखटक नकल करण द्याल।
९- लैंटीना तैं हम रोकी नि सकदा तो हम लैटिना विकास का वास्ता ही काम करला।
१० - जु खेती कारल वै पर टैक्स लगी जालु
११- गूणी -बांदर अर सुंगरुं वास्ता गां मा ही रौणै चिड़ियाघर जन आधुनिक व्यवस्था होली।
१२ - गां का नजीक बजार मा विदेशी शराब की दूकान खुलणो बान संघर्ष अर आंदोलन करे जाल।
१३- चूंकि डाकटर गां मा आणो तयार नि छन तो थैला छाप डाकटरो तैं मान्यता दिए जाली।
१४- दुसर गां वाळ से पाणी झगड़ा चलणु ही राल जांसे ग्रामीण लोक मनोरजन सुरक्षित रावो।



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  25 /2/2014
*कथा , स्थान व नाम काल्पनिक हैं।
[गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य, सौज सौज मा मजाक  से, हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ, सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं;- जसपुर निवासी  द्वारा  जाती असहिष्णुता सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ढांगू वाले द्वारा   पृथक वादी  मानसिकता सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;गंगासलाण  वाले द्वारा   भ्रष्टाचार, अनाचार, अत्याचार पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; लैंसडाउन तहसील वाले द्वारा   धर्म सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;पौड़ी गढ़वाल वाले द्वारा  वर्ग संघर्ष सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; उत्तराखंडी  द्वारा  पर्यावरण संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;मध्य हिमालयी लेखक द्वारा  विकास संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;उत्तरभारतीय लेखक द्वारा  पलायन सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; मुंबई प्रवासी लेखक द्वारा  सांस्कृतिक विषयों पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; महाराष्ट्रीय प्रवासी लेखक द्वारा  सरकारी प्रशासन संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; भारतीय लेखक द्वारा  राजनीति विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; सांस्कृतिक मुल्य ह्रास पर व्यंग्य , गरीबी समस्या पर व्यंग्य, आम आदमी की परेशानी विषय के व्यंग्य, जातीय  भेदभाव विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; एशियाई लेखक द्वारा सामाजिक  बिडम्बनाओं, पर्यावरण विषयों   पर  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, राजनीति में परिवार वाद -वंशवाद   पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ग्रामीण सिंचाई   विषयक  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, विज्ञान की अवहेलना संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य  ; ढोंगी धर्म निरपरेक्ष राजनेताओं पर आक्षेप , व्यंग्य , अन्धविश्वास  पर चोट करते गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य    श्रृंखला जारी  ] 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

History Features of Lobha Negi (Chauhan) of East-North Border of Garhwal

           History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -26
   
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -271

                       By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                    In East North of Garhwal there were two main Gadhis –Lobha or Lohava Gadh or Lobha or Lohava Fortress and Chandpur Gadhi. These Gadhis were defense Gadhi for Garhwal to protect Kumaoni encroachment or attack. Chauhan chieftains captured these Gadhi from Khas chieftains.
       As per Raturi, Dilevar Singh and Pramod Singh had been brave, strong and famous chieftains of Lobha or Lohava Fortress. Already the folklores are lost about chieftains of Lobh Gadh.
Panwar defeated Chauhan of Lobha Gadh and Chauhan became regional commanders of Panwar Kingdom.  These Chauhan are called Lobhan or Lobha Negi. Lobhan or Lobha Negi always had been brave soldiers in defending Garhwal in Panwar rule. Garhwal King Court Poet and Historian Maularam describes about Lobha Negi as
चढ़ी फ़ौज तब चले कुमाऊं , बाजन लगे ढोल दमाऊ
सवा लाष संग फ़ौज तुलानी , तीन ढोल संग भये सलानी
लोभी अरु बंधाणी आये , तड़ा तोमड़ा संग माहि लाये

(मौलाराम , गढ़राजवंश काव्य , पर्ण 12 ब )


** Read more about Chauhan clan connection with Garhwal and Haridwar History Features in next chapter .....


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 25/2//2014
                                      References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India 
2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas 
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993 , The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter    
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -272   
Xx
History Features of Lobha Negi (Chauhan) of East-North Border of Garhwal; History Features of Lobha Negi (Chauhan) of East-North Border of Chamoli Garhwal; History Features of Lobha Negi (Chauhan) of East-North Border of Garhwal border of Kumaon;