Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,   Philosophical, Contentment   Poems

-  क्वी  बात नी (वाह वाह लायक गढ़वाली कविता )

रचना --    विद्यादत्त शर्मा ( जन्म  , 1945 , सांगुड़ा , असवालस्यूं , पौड़ी   गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Vidyadatt Sharma
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Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –170 
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साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
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नि बासु मैर जु  रतखुलणिम त
क्वी   बात नी
घाम मेरि देळिम बि
ऐ   त गे

आंख्यूं मा जू निंद  नि ऐ त
क्वी   बात नी
रात अपणि वक्त  पर
खुलि त गे

कौरि नी जु जग्वाळ तिल
क्वी   बात नी
बाटु मेरि खैरि को
कटि त गे

सुपिनौं म तक नि ऐ जू तू
क्वी   बात नी
उम्र मेरि जन कनि
कटि त गे

   
ऐहसान तिल क्वी कायु नी
क्वी   बात नी
वक्त की रफ्तार चलदी
चलद गे



(Ref-Angwal,2013 )
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
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Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs Philosophical, Contentment ,  Poets Philosophical, Contentment   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses, Philosophical, Contentment  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries,  Poets Philosophical, Contentment  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries, Philosophical, Contentment  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems Philosophical, Contentment  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses Philosophical, Contentment  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets Philosophical, Contentment  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets Philosophical, Contentment  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses Philosophical, Contentment  ;Philosophical, Contentment  Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries Philosophical, Contentment  ; Contemporary Poetries  Philosophical, Contentment ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses Philosophical, Contentment  ,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets Philosophical, Contentment  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses Philosophical, Contentment  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses Philosophical, Contentment  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                         
                     Exclusivities of Batten Land Settlement
                Garhwal Land Settlements by J.H. Batten -3

                            British Administration in Garhwal   -25         
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -41
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -879
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

             In Batten land settlement, the tax determination was conducted by visiting villages and assessing the reality. Representatives reached to villages, counted population, assessed the economic situation and wrote the details in English. Batten prepared rules and accordingly determined the revenues. Batten divided land into irrigated and non irrigated land and divided each land into three types. Then, he determined tax as per land productivity.
   Batten dpenned down details of Painkhanda, Badhan, Chandpur and Tallasalan 'parganas'. He provided details in following way for villages (Pauri Garhwal, report page 56-57)-
Village site and conditions
Crops
Castes settled in the village
Trade by each community
Source of income
Developing or declining economy
Farmers and their numbers
After analyzing the above, Batten determined taxation.
   British authorities transferred Batten to Kumaon in 1839. Kanungo and Tehsildar completed the survey of balance region of British (Pauri Garhwal).  Batten wrote his comments and suggested tax with reasons on the notes of Kanungo or Tehsildar.
   Batten did not find the land disputes as were apprehensions by authorities.  The villagers of different villages settled their 70 % disputes among themselves. Batten office wrote those settlements separately. All villages (village chiefs) signed on the boundary settlements. Batten called those settlements as ' Ganv Halat'. Batten erected Stone Munyar for determining village boundaries in cases of disputes among different villages. Where there was no dispute no Munyar was erected.
     Batten analyzed the situation for villages become barren humanly and faunally. Some Villagers were leaving villages due to attack by wild animals as tiger, bear, and leopards. In other cases, villagers were leaving villages because of wild animals as deer families, rabbits, bears, boars, and birds were destroying crops and villagers could not do much. Such villagers were forced for migrating to other places and resulting barren villages. Many villages were becoming empty due to epidemics as choleras, etc.  (3, pages   520). There was a class of farmer 'Paykasht'. That farmer class was roamers.   The social reasons were also responsible for villages becoming empty.  Those migration reasons were related to become out casted by the society. Due to terror too villagers used to migrate and making village empty. There were blind faiths regarding inauspiciousness in a region or land responsible for people not settling in a particular village or regions.
   Only a couple of old men were there in some villages. Either Gurkha took young girls and women or youth ran away from the villages leaving old people there.  In many villages, new generation was not taking birth due to infertile women or men. (3, page 521)


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 22/8/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -880
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page 177-78
2-Batten (editor), 1851, Official reports on Province of Kumaon
3-Batten, 1843, Report on the settlement of the district of Pauri Garhwal in the province of Kumaon 56.57
4- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts vol.3, pages 292
Xx
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Charu Chandra Chandola- A marvelous Garhwali Poet
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-85
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti
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         Charu Chandra Chandola writes in Hindi. Charu published a Garhwali language book 'Binseri' recently.
Charu Chanra Chandola was born in 1945 in village Thapli, Kaolsyun of Pauri Garhwal.
      Charu Chandra Chandola creates Garhwali poetries related for raising issues for deprived classes. Those deprives might be the victim of social system or economic system but Chandola critics the exploiters by his sharp pen.
Madan Duklan appreciated marvelous Garhwali poems by Chandola.
  किलैकि ?  (गढ़वाली कविता )



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हम पिछनै छुट ग्याँ
किलैकि हमन जुत नि पैर्यां।
चप्पुल मा हि रयां।
नांगा खुट्टौ दौड़न मा सरमयां
दौड़ सुरु होंद हि
चप्पलुं टांका टुटी गैन।   
जुत्त वळा अगनै  पौंछि गैन
अर हम /टुट्यां चप्पलुं तैं
हत्थुं मा लेकि
मोची दिदौं तैं ढुंढण मा रै ग्याँ।   


Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai; 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,  Garhwal Images ,physical  resting place    Poems

बिस्यौण्या  (प्रवासी तो पसन्द करेंगे  जरूर )

रचना --   चित्र सिंह कंडारी  ( जन्म  ,  1943, गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Chitra Singh Kandari
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Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 171
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साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
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खैरि तैं विश्राम दींद 'बिस्यौण्या'
गर्रन धौण टुटणि रैंद
पसीना ब्वगणु  रैंद
पण , तब बि काम कदेर   दौड़णु रैंद
कि  'बिस्यौण्या' म बिसैक
सर्या खैरि बिसै जालि। 

डांडा , सार्यूँ बटि ल्याण बोज -बिसइंद जमा
वखमी ब्वदन 'बिस्यौण्या'
वखमौ आराम  आनन्द -दाई इतना
ड्यारम बि नि मिल्दो तत्ना।

किलैकि यम्मा सब सौंजड्या मिल्दन
चौतर्फ्या हाल चाल पुछेंदन
छुयूँ की छर्वळि- विर्वळि लगदन
खिकताट कैक हैंसदन।

जो छ्वीं इम सुणेन्दन
वो कखि नि  सुणेन्दन
खैरि कि या ठट्टा की
बिस्यौण्यम विश्राम की।
       


(Ref- Gwai )
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
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Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs  Garhwal Images ,physical rest place,  Poets  Garhwal Images , rest place  ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses Garhwal Images ,physical rest place ,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries  Garhwal Images , rest physical place ,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries  Garhwal Images ,physical  resting place ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems Garhwal Images , resting place ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses Garhwal Images , resting place ; Modern Poetries Garhwal Images ,physical   resting place,  Poets  ; Contemporary PoetriesGarhwal Images ,physical   resting place , physical  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries physical  resting place Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Garhwal Images , resting place Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ;Garhwal Images , resting place Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries Garhwal Images , resting place ; Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  Garhwal Images , resting place; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses Garhwal Images , resting place; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia   ,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Augar: A fine Garhwal Story illustrating subconscious mind and love
Critical Review of Modern Garhwali Short Stories -163
    Analysis of Garhwali short story 'Augar'
   Critical Review of Garhwali Short stories written by Mahesha Nand-1
     
                           Review by Bhishma Kukreti

       Mahesha Nand is among younger generation of Garhwali fiction makers. Mahesha Nand already published two Garhwali fiction collections and third short story collection is in the press. Two story collections proved that Mahesha Nand is one of the modern stars of Modern Garhwali Story World. 
'Augar'is the story of love of Gobindu for Fyunli. Gobindu sees Fyunli under Hisar shrub and then under Gweeral and then under many trees, shrubs and lastly into cloud web. When the reader reaches to the story end the end surprised the reader and readers start jumping from the bad, chair or where he is. That is the beauty of marvelous love story.
       Mahesha Nand is successful in crating love aroma, the joy of meeting and pain of separation and then going for finding the lover. The reader presumes that reader is reading a folk story and the end makes reader aware that it is modern story.
  Mahesha Nand is the master of simplest way for storytelling. His phrases are pure Garhwali and you will seldom find Urdu words.  Mahesha's Garhwali vocabulary is before British era. Mahesha Nand creates rural Garhwal images in reader's mind effectively. His dialogues match with the characters.  From the beginning, reader is anxious for knowing the end of story and that is mastery of Mahesha that reader has to jump after reality.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 22/8/2016
Critical Review of Garhwali Short story by Mahesha Nand to be continued in -2
Critical Review of Modern Garhwali Short Stories to be continued...163
Let Us Celebrate Hundred and Third Year of Modern Garhwali   Stories!
Critical Notes on Short Story depicting images love , subconscious mind; Garhwali Short Story depicting images love , subconscious mind; Uttarakhandi Short Story depicting images love , subconscious mind; Short Story  from  Garhwal region depicting images love , subconscious mind; Short Story  from Himalaya depicting images love , subconscious mind; Short Story of Border areas of Garhwal and Kumaun depicting images love , subconscious mind;  Mid Himalayan Short Story depicting images love , subconscious mind; Himalayan  Short Story depicting images love , subconscious mind; Indian Short Story depicting images love , subconscious mind; Asian Short Story depicting images love , subconscious mind; Oriental Short Story depicting images love , subconscious mind

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Garhwali Story
          सगोरबंद मूसु
Mahesha Nand

एक सगोरबंद मूसन् डंग्या पुंगड़ु द्येखि। वुक्ख गारै-गारा हुंया छा। माटौ एक बि बुरकुंण नि छौ। वेन वे पुंगड़ा बटि उब्ब बांझा डांडा जना एक डुंड खौंणी अर वुक्ख बटि गदाल माटु सारी ये पुंगड़म् माटा इड़प (ढेर) लगै द्येनि। पुंगड़ि बंणि ग्या नजिलि फांगि। वेन वुक्ख कुटळिनी खुबरै कि कौंणि-झंग्वरु बूती द्या।
पाछ वुक्ख कौंणि-झंग्वरा बोट बिफ्रि ग्येनि। बाल ह्वे ग्येनि गरगरी। बाल बथौं मा हलकंणी। ब्यौली सि बिस्वार जन झलकंणी।
छकंण्या निकज्जा, कुसSग्वर्या मूसा वे कS पुंगड़ा द्येखी ममळांण-जजळांण बैठि ग्येनि-----" तै पुंगड़ा द्याखा धौं, कौंणि-झंग्वरै बालुन कन तंणसट्ट बंण्यू च। बाल कन छन, जन ब्वलेंद ब्यौली धौंप्यलि ह्वलि !"
कुस्ड़ि मूसौन् सौंगि सराक बिंगा-- "हे भै, तन नि जजळा धौं अर मुस्यौ लगै द्या धौं। द्वी मिलट मा सर्रा पुंगड़ा थैं चबट्ट कै द्या धौं।"
एक बिरSळु छौ यूं कS दोब बैठ्यूं। वेन कंद्वरा सूंणि द्येनि। वेन् सरेलम् बोलि कि यूं मूसौं थैं खांण स्ये पैलि अढ़ै द्यूंदु। वेन बुजगिला बटि सुरक अपड़ि मोंण नकने कि बोलि-- "हे भै मूसौं! पखंणा छन बल कि हैंकै द्येखि लै-पैरीं(खूबसूरत), फट फुटि म्यारा बाबै, स्ये किलै नि मांगि ह्वलि! तुम इन बथा कि तै पुंगड़्म् माटु कैन सारी ? नाज कैन बूती ? नेळि-गोडि, धांण-धंद्दा कैन कैरि ? पुंगड़ै जगदरि कैन का ?"
सब्यून बोलि --- "सगोरबंद मूसन।"
बिरSळन् चटचटाग बोलि-- "त तुमSरा पेटम् जळत किलै पोड़ि ? तुम बि कैर ल्या धौं मीनत। हत-खुट्टा हलैल्या त खैल्या। निथर थुंथरि फुट्यां कS सि रैल्या। हैं कै मीनत द्येखी जजळैल्या त जौळि-जौळी मोसु ह्वे जैल्या।"
Copyright@ Mahesha Nand

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                         
                   Incentivizing Farmers through Batten Land Settlement 
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               British Garhwal Land Settlements by J.H. Batten -4
                            British Administration in Garhwal   -26       
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -42
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -880
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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
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               Batten had to pay attentions Traill for determining tax for a village. Batten got information about numbers of people, their economic conditions and land fertility of each village before land tax settlement. 
                     Lowering Down Land Taxes
          Garhwal Kings and Gurkha rulers were interested in tax collection but were least bothered for land reform. British administration took steps for encouraging farmers for taking farming a serious business.
            Batten kept low tax for the villages affected by wild animals destroying crops and killing human. (Batten page 529)
                        Incentivizing 'Paykast' Farmers
       'Paykast' was very unique system in Uttarakhand.  There were villages where the farming was easy than other villages in a region. Many farmers after completing farm jobs in their villages used to take farming in other villages too. Many of such farmers were not owner of the land.  Batten kept low tax on low productive land in Chandpur, Badhan, Chopdakot and Tallasalan Parganas so that farmers become prosperous and increase farming through 'Paykast' in nearby villages too. Batten personally visited those regions (Batten page 529).
           Batten also offered new forest land for creating farms to 'Paykast' farmers. Batten wrote in his report that offering forest land for creating farm land would solve double objectives. First, the crop production will increase in new cultivated farms from forest land. Batten instructed that 'Paykast' could cultivate the Benami barren land (no owner of the land) of the village. Second objective was for reducing the forest land and reducing numbers of wild animals by occupying forest land for farming.
        Batten forecasted that by allowing farmers for occupying new forest land farming would increase farm land by ten times.
                  Tax Settlement in Bhotiya Regions
          Batten revised the tax pattern of Garhwal Kingdom and Gurkha System for tax in Bhotiya region. The tax on Bhotiya regions was more in Garhwal Kingdom and Gurkha System.  The tax was more than reasonable in the region. Batten reported that even in the Traill settlement the tax is on higher side on unproductive villages.  Batten suggested instead of Bees Nali system (seeds being sown) there should be tax on real business. Batten determined tax as per his new thinking of tax on real business. (Batten page 548)
                 Views of Batten for Joshimath Region
      According to Batten report, nearby villages of   Joshimath were more prosperous than other regions. Bhotiya used to purchase grains from Joshimath region for export or internal trading. By Hunting of Kasturi antipopes, the expert hunters used to get money. Kingdom and Gurkha had 'Baj Bina' tax on hunting by Baj bird.  Woolen business was also money making business in Joshimath region.
                Difficulties in Badhan Region
     Badhan had different problems. Epidemics were the main problems in whole region. The epidemic was fatal too.  The farm land was sufficient there but the human population was scanty. Sayanas offered wrong information to Traill settlement. (Batten, page 549)
                Geographical Beauty of Nagpur Region

    The geographical beauty of Nagpur attracted Batten. He reported that the geographical conditions and seasons of Nagpur region were equal to Europe. He mentioned that person cant forget the beauty of Snow bound Hills. Batten appreciated the region surrounding Mandakini River valley.  Batten spent a night at Devarital lake bank. Batten criticized the dirty habits of Nagpur inhabitants for putting on same woolen dress for the whole year. Batten reported that Nagpur inhabitants allow spiky shrubs and plants including wild hemp growing surrounding their houses in rainy season. Epidemics were again problems for Nagpur region.
  Batten kept the tax low as per the need of the region.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 23/8/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -881
*** History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun, (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli) Garhwal (1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References   
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page 177-78
2-Batten, 1843, Report on the settlement of the district of Pauri Garhwal in the province of Kumaon 521, 529, 547, 548, 549
Xx
History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;   

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Garhwali Short Stories
------सैंणुअर डांडु----
Short Story by: Mahesha Nand
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सैंणन् बोलि डांडौ खुंणै ---"हे लोळा डांडा! तु तत्गा ऐंच छै, तौबि मै स्ये तौळ छै। त्वेयी बटि मि जलमू, मै द्येख मि पंगरि(पनपना) ग्यौं। पंगरना बान तु मै स्ये बि बिगळे, पंण तु मोळो सि थुप्ड़ु जख्या-तक्खि छै।"
डांडन् गम्म(गम्भीर) ढौळम् बेलि -- "हे ब्यट्टा सैंणा! चुचा, मि छ त डांडु छौं। दिखेंणौ असमान छौं पंण मि मूसौं कु घत्यंयूं छौं। मि माटू, पांणी, हूंणी-खांणी, घ्यू कि मांणी, सौब धांणि बंणी मूसौं कि डुंड बटि त्वेमी त आंणू छौं। इलै मि लाचार बुबा सि टपरांणू छौं। बिग्यानै सकळि लगौं त जु उंद ग्या, स्यु बौड़ी नि आ।"
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Copyright@ Mahesha Nand
Garhwali Short Stories from Garhwal; Garhwali Short Stories from Pauri Garhwal; Garhwali Short Stories from Garhwal ;   Garhwali Short Stories from Garhwal, Paidalsyun; Garhwali Short Stories from Kinvars, Garhwal; Garhwali Short Stories from Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Garhwali Short Stories from Garhwal, Mid Himalayas ; Garhwali Short Stories from Garhwal, North India ;  Garhwali Short Stories from Garhwal, South Asia;       

[Bhishma Kukreti]

    Sulochana Parmar – A Garhwali Poetess famous for Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry –-86
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti

    Sulochana Parmar was born in 1946 in village Bandasari, Tehri Garhwal.
      Sulochana Parmar is one of the pillars of Garhwali Poetry World.
    Sulochana Parmar published following two Garhwali Poetry collections
'Ukal –Undar'
And
'Dhar makai June'
   She regularly illustrates Garhwal geographical nature, seasons and love in her poetries. Many of her poems raise the issue of environment and humanity.  Sulochana Parmar also raises the issues of people and their livings in rural Garhwal in hr verses and also asks the concerned stakeholders for taking contemporary social issues.
     Love Rapture poetries by Sulochana Parmar are heritage of Garhwali Poetry world.
   Sulochana Parmar uses simple, lovable and contemporary Garhwali phrases for her poems and those phrases attract readers. Girish Sundariyal praises simple phrases used by Sulochana Parmar in creating her poetries.
  Madan Duklan appreciated Sulochana Parmar for her contribution in developing Garhwali Poetry segment.
तू आंख्युंन मी पिलैदे  (एक सरस श्रृंगार रस युक्त गढ़वाली कविता )


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पींदा त सबि छन , तू आंख्युंन मी पिलैदे
काजल समजी मीं तैं आंख्युं म तू लगैदे।
बोली च तेरी मीठी , मी तैं भी तू सुणैदे
मैं बांसुरी को सुर छौं ,   ऊंठ्यूँ से तू लगैदे।
चाल च तेरी इन जन गदनों को होलु पाणी
थोड़ा ठहर जा , मीतैं अरे चाल दिखैदे।
घूंघर्याळी  तौं लटों तैं सुंदर संवार दे तू
फूल समजी मीतैं आंख्युं म तू  बसैदे ।
शर्मीली आँखी  तेरी मेरा मन तैं लुभैसी गैन
सुपिना समजी मीतैं आंख्युं म तू  बसैदे ।
मुखड़ी  च तेरी इन जन धार मांगै जून
बिंदी बणै दे मींतैं अर माथा म तू लगैदे।

( साभार -- अंग्वाळ )

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Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai; 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs, Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty , Poets   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,  Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries, Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty , Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries,  Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries , Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty , Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,Contemporary Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty ,Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia,  Poets  Love, Environment and Geographical Beauty , ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Poems  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets  ;  Famous South Asian Poet ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Modern Garhwali Verses  Songs,   Metaphoric, Philosophic    Poems

  कुटै (रोचक , अलंकृत दार्शनिक  कविता )

रचना --   डा ख्याति सिंह चौहान  ( जन्म  , 1944,  अंदरसौं , बदलपुर , पौड़ी गढ़वाल  )
Poetry  by - Dr. Khyati Singh Chauhan
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Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 172
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साहित्य इतिहास , इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति और व्याख्या : भीष्म कुकरेती
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जीवनै उरख्यळुन्द
सुरति - गंज्यळन
मनखि रै
कैर कुटै
कुटै कैर कि कर्मों नाज
चम्म चमक , झळ झळके
जीवनै अन्द्वार
अळग , छळक
चौरासी लाख जोन्यों मा 'राल' छै तु
विधाता का
अद्भुत आश्चर्य अर कमाल छू तु

मस्त ह्वे छीट
विवेकल रकरै
कर्मों नाज त्यार ल्याख
सत ह्वे जालु सत को
सत को डूंडु छै तू
सतम रैळ         

(Ref-Angwal,2013)
Poetry Copyright@ Poet
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  interpretation if any
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Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Songs  Metaphoric, Philosophic ,  Poets  Metaphoric, Philosophic   ; Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Verses ,  Poets ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ,  Poets  ; Poems Contemporary Poetries  ,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Verses; Poems  ; Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries ,  Poets  ; Metaphoric, Philosophic Contemporary Poetries,  Poets  ; Contemporary Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ; Metaphoric, Philosophic  Poems,  Poets   ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ; Contemporary Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses ; Modern Garhwali Verses,  Poets   ; Poems,  Poets  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries , Poems Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia   ,  Poets   ; Modern Garhwali Songs,  Poets    ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  ; Modern Poetries  ; Contemporary Poetries  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ,  Poets   ; Contemporary Poetries from Tehri Garhwal; Asia  ; Poems  ;  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Verses ; Asian Modern Garhwali Verses  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ; Modern Poetries; Contemporary Poetries  Metaphoric, Philosophic ; Contemporary Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal  ;  Modern Garhwali Songs; Modern Garhwali Verses  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ; Poems  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ; Asian Modern Poetries  ; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems  ; Asian Contemporary Poetries; Contemporary Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets Metaphoric, Philosophic   ;  Famous South Asian Poet Metaphoric, Philosophic  ; Famous SAARC Countries Poet  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ; Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time  Metaphoric, Philosophic  ;
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पौड़ी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली , कविता ; चमोली  गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;टिहरी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; देहरादून गढ़वाल, उत्तराखंड  से गढ़वाली पद्य  , कविता ; 
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  स्वच्छ भारत ; स्वच्छ भारत ; समर्थ गढ़वाल