Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Jan Kyok Khondi: Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song

Folk Songs from Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-296
(Himalayan Folk Song/Traditional Folktales/ Conventional Sayings Series)

                                      By: Bhishma Kukreti

                             What is Suicidal Ideation?

              M/Gliatto and Anil K. Rai (1999) define Suicidal Ideation," Suicidal ideation is a medical term for thoughts/considerations concerning or an unusual preoccupation with suicide." The suicidal ideation varies from very much fleeting to detailed planning, self harming, role playing and or attempting to die.
          People do suicide because of anhedonia, hopelessness, severe remorse, insomnia, depression, anxiety, panic attack etc.

    Inherent Counseling System in Garhwali-Kumaoni Society for Anti Suicide or Society Prevention

                Every society faces the problem of suicide ideation among its members. There are many tactics in Garhwali-Kumaoni societies for anti suicide or suicide prevention. There are folk sayings against suicide. There various folk expressions for preventing suicide in Kumaoni and Garhwali societies. There are folktales against suicide in Garhwal and Kumaon. There are Kumauni-Garhwali folk proverbs counseling lesion against suicide. There are folk legendary literatures in Garhwali and Kumaoni languages that provide hope to hopeless people. There are mythological songs and tales against suicide.
          The following lines of a long Garhwali folk song are witness that there is inherent arrangement of counseling and anti suicide teaching in the society.   

              कुमाऊं, गढ़वाल ,हरिद्वार के  लोक गीत  -296           

   

                  ज्यान क्योक खोंदी: लोक गीतों में आत्महत्या विरोधी संदेश 

(सन्दर्भ : डा. दिनेश चमोला 'शैलेश',  2011,  उत्तराखंड लोक गीतों में सम-सामयिक परिवेश , उद्गाता 308-315)

(इंटरनेट प्रस्तुती व व्याख्या - भीष्म कुकरेती )


हे नौनी बोल केकु गाड जांदी?
केक तैं अपणी तू ज्यान खोंदी?
मुख लपेटी क्या दुःख त्वेकू ?
फुटि गेन जोग क्या कमि त्वेकू?
जान  देकि क्या मीललु त्वेकु?
ये जमानो नि खायि वै जमानो क्या धर्युं त्वेकू?
O! Girl! Why are you going to river for suicide?
What for you are ending your life?
What is the problem with you?
What are shortcomings in your life that you want to end your life?
What would get by ending your precious life?
When you did not enjoy this life what is the guaranty enjoying another life?
Don't go to river.

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com 19/7/2013
Folk Songs from Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...297 
   
                                  Curtsey and references

Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
Khima Nand Sharma, Veer Balak Haru Heet, Kumauni Sahitya Sadan, Delhi, 1980.
Xx                        xxx
(टिहरी से गढवाली जागर, लोक गीत;  उत्तरकाशी से गढवाली जागर, लोक गीत; पौड़ी से गढवाली जागर,  लोक गीत; चमोली -रुद्रप्रयाग से गढवाली जागर,लोक गीत; नैनीताल से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत; अल्मोड़ा से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;पिथोरागढ़ -बागेश्वर से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;चम्पावत , उधम सिंह नगर से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;उत्तराखंडी जागर,लोक गीत;,  हरिद्वार से जागर,लोक गीत;,मध्य हिमालयी जागर,लोक गीत;, हिमालयी जागर,लोक गीत;उत्तर भारितीय जागर,लोक गीत; भारतीय जागर,लोक गीत; एशियाई जागर,लोक गीत श्रृंखला,
Xxx    xx
Notes on Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Pithoragarh Kumaon; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Dwarhat Kumaon; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Bageshwar Kumaon; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Almora Kumaon; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Nainital Kumaon; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Chamoli Garhwal; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Pauri Garhwal; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Tehri Garhwal; Anti Suicide/Suicide Prevention -Counseling Himalayan Folk Song from Dehradun Garhwal..

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Gorkhyani Lok Geet: Historical Ravanlti Folk Song illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting


Oriental/Asian Ravanlti Folk Literature from Ravain/Rawaeen, Yamuna-Tons Valley Region, Uttarkashi, Dehradun, Garhwal -42 
  रवांइ, उत्तरकाशी, देहरादून गढ़वाल क्षेत्र  के  प्रचलित   रंवाल्टी  लोक गीत- 421
                 Translation, Interpretation by: Bhishma Kukreti

                      Gorkha rule over Kumaon and Garhwal is one of the harshest, unforgettable, painful, fearful, terror some, terrible, periods of Uttarakhand in its whole history from ancient time. The Gorkha rule was so terrible and terror that there are tens of folk songs, folk tales, folk proverbs, folk sayings  about looting, terror, suppression, cruelty, oppression by Gorkha soldiers and commanders in every region of Kumaon and Garhwal.   
               The following couple of lines of a long folk song from Ravain region shows the terror and looting by Gorkha solders along with historical aspect f the area too.

          गोर्ख्याणी/गुर्ख्याणी आतंक-लूटमार  इतिहास दर्शाता रवाँल्टी लोक गीत

(सन्दर्भ: महावीर रंवाल्टा, 2011, उत्तराखंड में रंवाइ क्षेत्र के लोक साहित्य की मौखिक परंपरा, उदगाता, पृष्ठ 48- 56 )   
( इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति  एवं अतिरिक्त व्याखा - भीष्म कुकरेती )


  माट्या पाथी घड़ी
बच्चू वादी बखर्याटु तेमासी न झड़ी
गुल्यारु वादी बडेड़ी लगी सून कू धारु
       When Gorkha rule was over from the area Gorkha soldiers were fleeing from the area. Garhwali and Kumaoni people took revenge against those soldiers who harassed them.  People tied a soldier and the folk song lines describe –
When Bacchu Vadi was tied and there was no pony with him.
When Baja of Badiyar was tied there was a pile of gold.
Copyright Interpretation, @ Bhishma Kukreti 19/7/2013 
   References:
Ranvalta, Mahaveer. 2011, Uttarakhand me Ravain Kshetr ke Lok Sahitya ki Maukhik Parmapara, Udgata, page 48-56
Oriental/Asian Folk Literature from Ravain/Rawaeen, Yamuna-Tons Valley Region, Uttarkashi, Dehradun, Garhwal to be continued ...43 
( रवांइ क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; हर की दून, रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; जानकी चट्टी, रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; फुल चट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; मोरी रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; पुजेली , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; पुरोला , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; बनाल पट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; राढ़ी डांडा,  रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; यमुनोत्री , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; हनुमान चट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; खरसाली रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; गंगनाणी ,  रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; बडकोट , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; नौगाँव , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; आराकोट , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; जर्मोला धार रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;लाखामंडल,  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;चकरौता  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;अनहोल रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; त्यूणी  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत श्रृखला जारी)
Xx    xxx
Notes on Historical Ravanlti Folk Song illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Saptrishi Kund Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Dhatmir Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Jakhol Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Gainchvan Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Nanal Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Samaul Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Rajgarhi Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Kuwa Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Kandari Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Dewar Uttarkashi illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Kanda Dehradun  illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Chakrata Tehsil Dehradun  illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting; Historical Ravanlti Folk Song from Daragr Dehradun  illustrating Gorkha Repression and Looting;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

संस्कृत और हिंदी साहित्य के इतिहासकार डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली नही रहे


             प्रचार प्रसार से दूर रह अपने काम में लग्न रहने वाले डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली का स्वर्गवास रूडकी में 9 जलाई 2013 को हो गया. यह समाचार मुझे कल ही नैनीताल बैंक के प्रबंधक श्री गिरीश पोखरियाल से मिली। डा चमोली से मेरा परिचय फोन पर हुआ जब मैं गढ़वाली काव्य का इतिहास हेतु कवियों का परिचय खोज रहा था. फोन से ज्ञात हुआ कि डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली गढ़वाली में नही लिखते। डा चमोली ने बताया कि वे इस समय अपने ग्रन्थ 'संस्कृत को गढ़वाल की देन' प्रकाशन और 'उत्तराखंड का हिंदी साहित्य को देन हेतु कार्यरत हैं.   
            दो साल पहले (६/११/२०११ )मुझे डा प्रेम दत्त को रूबरू मिलने का  अवसर रुड़की में मिला। डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली सात्विक भोजन करते थे और शादी जैसे अवसरों पर भी घर से भोजन कर आते थे. तब उनके ऐतिहासिक पुस्तक ' गढ़वाल की संस्कृत साहित्य को देन' प्रकाशित हो चुकिथी और उन्होंने मुझे वह पुस्तक भेंट की. फिर जब मैंने इस पुस्तक की समीक्षा नेट पर प्रकाशित की तो उन्हें सूचना दी और उन्होंने उल्हास में धन्यवाद दिया। उसके बाद उनसे सम्पर्क का अवसर प्राप्त नही हुआ.
                         डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली का जन्म ग्राम पलाम , पट्टी मखलोगी , टिहरी  गढ़वाल में 15 अक्टूबर 1931  को श्रीमती गंगा देवी -शर्णु राम के यहाँ हुआ.
शिक्षा - बालक प्रेम दत्त  ने क्यारी गाँव से आधारिक शिक्षा प्राप्त की और फिर संस्कृत शिक्षा हेतु हरिद्वार चले गए. संस्कृत व हिंदी से उन्होंने एम. ए. किया और डी. फिल के पदवी सन 1979 में प्राप्त की.
       सन 1958 से 1995 तक डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली मेरठ में अध्यापक रहे और प्रधानाचार्य के पद से निवृत हुये.

  उन्होंने खोजपूर्ण साहित्य की  रचनाएँ प्रकाशित कीं
१ - गढ़वाल की संस्कृत साहित्य को देन
२- ज्ञान निबन्ध
३ -गढ़वाली साहित्यकोश
४- श्रीमद भागवत पुराण का सप्ताह
इसके अतिरिक्त उनकी  की खंडो की वृहद् पुस्तक ' उत्तराखंड का हिंदी साहित्य को देन' प्रकाशाधीन थीं
डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली राजकीय योजना ' उत्तराखंड की विभूतियाँ ' के टिहरी और चमोली गढ़वाल क्षेत्र के प्रभारी भी थे.
वे दो सुयोग्य पुत्रों के पिता जी भी थे.

डा प्रेम दत्त चमोली उत्तराखंड के एक जगमगाते नक्षत्र थे जिन्होंने उत्तराखंड में संस्कृत और हिंदी साहित्य के इतिहास खोजने में अथक योगदान दिया था . उत्तराखंड उन्हें व उनके योगदान को कभी नही भुला पायेगा

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 20/7/2013

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom


History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 102

   Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -13

          (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti

                Salonaditya: Founder of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom

                  There are copper inscriptions of family of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty kings –Solanaditya, Deshat, Padmat, and Subhikshtaj.
It seems Salonaditya took over rule around 876 or 880
              In inscriptions, Salonaditya is described as who got kingdom by his power. Solanaditya is also described as enemy crusher.  That suggests that Salonaditya snatched kingdom either from Bhudev Katyuri of Nimbar dynasty. Since, Salonaditya Katyuri did not have title of Maharajdhiraj that shows that he was under another kingdom as feudal system (where the king pays tax to stronger ruler).   
  The Pratihar king Bhoj of Kanyakubj (Kanauj) wanted to win over northern belt kingdoms. However, could not do so because of heavy resistance from his neighboring kings.
        Pratihar King Bhoj died in 885. His successor or Mahendrapal contended his kingdom and extended too. However after death of Mahendrapal (908) , the Pal  dynasty kingdom was disintegrated.   
Due to these historical events, Salonaditya nor his son Icchatdev could get title of Parambhattarak Mahrajdhiraj Parmeshwar. 
     There are exaggerated adjectives more than Nimbar family used in praise of Salonaditya dynasty kings in the inscriptions as characters of great donors, stronger, truthful, patience, forgiver etc. They were greater than kings as Sagar, Dilip, Mandhata, Dhundhmar, Bhagirath etc.
   Bhagwati Nanda Devi blessed Salonaditya. His queen name was Maharani Sidhvalidevi.
There is less information available for Salonaditya Katyuri king. 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 20/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -103
Central Himalayan Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...14
    (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...)
    (Asian Medieval Age  History (740-1100 AD to be continued...)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII

Xxx                              xx

Notes on Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Territory in Pauri Garhwal; Mid Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom in Chamoli Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty in Rudraprayag Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty in Uttarkashi Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Realm in Tehri Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty in Dehradun Garhwal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Rule in Haridwar ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri empire Kingdom in Pithoragarh Kumaon ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom in Doti Nepal; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom in Champawat Kumaon ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty territory in Dwarhat Kumaon ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri family Kingdom in Bageshwar Kumaon ; middle Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty Kingdom in Almora Kumaon ; essential Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri rule monarchy in Nainital Kumaon ; Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Salonaditya Katyuri Dynasty empire in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon to be continued...

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Gareebi Darshand Lok Geet: Garhwali Folk Song Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle
 
Folk Songs from Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-297
(Himalayan Folk Song/Traditional Folktales/ Conventional Sayings Series)

                                      By: Bhishma Kukreti

                There are classes in every society and in every era. The poverty is way of life. There must be struggle for living the life. The following Garhwali song depicts poverty, debt, struggle very well.

कुमाऊं, गढ़वाल ,हरिद्वार के  लोक गीत  -297             

 
गरीबी दर्शाता एक संवेदनशील लोक गीत


(सन्दर्भ : डा. दिनेश चमोला 'शैलेश',  2011,  उत्तराखंड लोक गीतों में सम-सामयिक परिवेश , उद्गाता 308-315)

(इंटरनेट प्रस्तुती व व्याख्या - भीष्म कुकरेती )

मधुलि- धोती, बिलोज फटिगे स्वामी, गौळै जंजीर टुटीगे,
           तुमारो दर्शन द्यखण्या मैकू तईं रूठीगे।
            नाकै नथुली टूटे हाथै धगुली टूटीगे,
           तुमारी खुदन स्वामी, खाणों स्याणो छूटीगे।
सिपाही - धोती बिलोज पार्सल कलू, गौला जंजीर भेजलू,
           ऐई जौलु मै चैत बैसाख तब त्वेइ देखलू।
          नाकै नथूली, हाथै धगुली सुनारा द्योलु मै
          चिठि भेजि देण मधुलि, कब तेरा प्रेम मा. 
मधुलि-दीदी तुमारी ऐई गेन्या भुली गीता बि ऐगीन हो     
         एक एक आखर सबू लेखीक चिठी तुम भेजिन हो.           
         खर्चा पाणि लत्ता कपड़ा स्वामी भेजि दियाँ हो.
         दीदी भाणीज अयाँ तुमारा , हाथ धागुली देण हो.
सिपाही - सुनार कीर्तिक तैं बोली धगुली द्वी बणै दे हो
           दे द्यूला रुप्या तेरा। घर औण पर हो
           माजी तैं बोली प्यारी दुखी नि होण हो.
         मेरा दुःख अस गरीबी देखि त्वीन बी नि रोण हो
Madhuli the Wife of a soldier from village-Dhoti, Blouse are torn.
Chain is broken.
I am far to see you.
The nose ring is broken
The bangles are broken.
My hunger and desire is no more.
Soldier from border- I shall post you Dhoti, Blouse, and will parcel Chain too.
When I came home I shall correct every matter
I shall give nose ring and bangle to goldsmith for repair.
Madhuli ! Post the letter
Mdhuli wife of soldier-You elder sister and younger sisters have come to meet your mother.
In coming letter, you write about them
Send money and dressing
I have to offer bangles to your nieces.
Soldier- Tell goldsmith to make beagles
When I come to home I shall pay his due
Tell to mother not to worry
Don't be sad in poor economic condition




Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com 20/7/2013
Folk Songs from Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...298 
   
                                  Curtsey and references

Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
Khima Nand Sharma, Veer Balak Haru Heet, Kumauni Sahitya Sadan, Delhi, 1980.
Xx                        xxx
(टिहरी से गढवाली जागर, लोक गीत;  उत्तरकाशी से गढवाली जागर, लोक गीत; पौड़ी से गढवाली जागर,  लोक गीत; चमोली -रुद्रप्रयाग से गढवाली जागर,लोक गीत; नैनीताल से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत; अल्मोड़ा से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;पिथोरागढ़ -बागेश्वर से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;चम्पावत , उधम सिंह नगर से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;उत्तराखंडी जागर,लोक गीत;,  हरिद्वार से जागर,लोक गीत;,मध्य हिमालयी जागर,लोक गीत;, हिमालयी जागर,लोक गीत;उत्तर भारितीय जागर,लोक गीत; भारतीय जागर,लोक गीत; एशियाई जागर,लोक गीत श्रृंखला,
Xxx    xx
Notes on Garhwali Folk Song Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle; Garhwali Folk Song from Pauri Garhwal Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle; Garhwali Folk Song from Rudraprayag Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle; Garhwali Folk Song from Chamoli Garhwal Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle; Garhwali Folk Song from Tehri Garhwal Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle; Garhwali Folk Song from Uttarkashi Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle; Garhwali Folk Song from Uttarkashi Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle; Garhwali Folk Song from Dehradun Depicting Poverty and Day to Day Struggle;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Bauguna Badkot Ai: Ravanlti Folk Song about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region

Oriental/Asian Ravanlti Folk Literature from Ravain/Rawaeen, Yamuna-Tons Valley Region, Uttarkashi, Dehradun, Garhwal -43 
  रवांइ, उत्तरकाशी, देहरादून गढ़वाल क्षेत्र  के  प्रचलित   रंवाल्टी  लोक गीत- 43
                 Translation, Interpretation by: Bhishma Kukreti

  There are Ravanlti folk songs for every event. There are folk songs related to coming of national or regional leaders in the area. For example, when Uttar Pradesh chief minister Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna came to Badkot, people created a folk song describing Bahuguna's visiting to Ravain region. A few line of that folk song are as follows-
               लोक नायकों पर आधारित रवाँल्टी लोक गीत

(सन्दर्भ: महावीर रंवाल्टा, 2011, उत्तराखंड में रंवाइ क्षेत्र के लोक साहित्य की मौखिक परंपरा, उदगाता, पृष्ठ 48- 56 )   
( इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति  एवं अतिरिक्त व्याखा - भीष्म कुकरेती )

खेतू बई कौणी मुख्यमंत्री बौगुणा
बड़कोट बजार मुख्यमंत्री बौगुणा
बौगुणा की औणी मुख्यमंत्री बौगुणा।
बड़कोट बजार मुख्यमंत्री बौगुणा।
Bahuguna is chief minister
Chief minister Bahuguna visited to Badkot bajar
Copyright Interpretation, @ Bhishma Kukreti 20/7/2013 
   References:
Ranvalta, Mahaveer. 2011, Uttarakhand me Ravain Kshetr ke Lok Sahitya ki Maukhik Parmapara, Udgata, page 48-56
Oriental/Asian Folk Literature from Ravain/Rawaeen, Yamuna-Tons Valley Region, Uttarkashi, Dehradun, Garhwal to be continued ...44 
( रवांइ क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; हर की दून, रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; जानकी चट्टी, रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; फुल चट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; मोरी रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; पुजेली , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; पुरोला , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; बनाल पट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; राढ़ी डांडा,  रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; यमुनोत्री , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; हनुमान चट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; खरसाली रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; गंगनाणी ,  रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; बडकोट , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; नौगाँव , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; आराकोट , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; जर्मोला धार रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;लाखामंडल,  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;चकरौता  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;अनहोल रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; त्यूणी  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत श्रृखला जारी)
Xx    xxx
Notes on Ravanlti Folk Song about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Tyuni about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Anhol about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Chakrata about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Lakhamandal about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Badkot about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Gangnani about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Hanuman Chatti about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Janki Chatti about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Yamunotri about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Jarmola Dhar about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Purola about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Mori about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Ful Chatti about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region; Ravanlti Folk Song from Har ki Dun about a Political Leader Visiting Ravain region;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

      गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनी साहित्यकारों तै सोसल मीडिया  बाराम जानकारी हूण चयेंद

                                       भीष्म कुकरेती


                   गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनी साहित्य की  सबसे बड़ी कमजोरी

गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनी सहित्यौ सबसे बड़ी कमजोरी च कि गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनियूँ  तैं पढ़णो ढब नी च. अर या हे कमजोरी गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनी साहित्यकारों बान एक चुनौती च. 

                          गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनी साहित्य तैं जादा से जादा फुळण ही रणनीति हूण चयेंद

जब गढ़वळि-कुमाउंन्यूं तैं अपणी भाषा मा पढ़णो ढब नी च तो पैलो काम च कि पाठकों तैं भाषा पढ़ण ढबाये जावो। अर यांकुण यो जरुरी च कि जथगा तक ह्वे साको अपण साहित्य तैं वितरित कारो। पौधों पौलिनेसन या विकिरण जनि क्रिया -प्रक्रिया ही साहित्य फुलणों/वितरण मा प्रयोग हूण चयेंद। इन दिखण कि क्वी पढ़णु च कि ना बलकणम साहित्य फ्वाळो अर पाठक बणावो, वूं तैं पढ़ाण ढबावो। गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनी साहित्य बान एकी सिद्धांत च बल जखम इंटरनेट मा जगा च अपण साहित्य प्रकाशित कारो।

                         सोसल मीडिया प्रयोग फैदामंद च
                     
गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनी साहित्य फुलणो बाण सोसल मीडिया सबसे जादा हितकारी च. इलै साहित्यकारों तैं जादा से जादा सोसल मीडिया मा या तो अपण साहित्य प्रकाशित करण चयेंद या ये माध्यम से अपण साहित्यौ प्रचार करण चयेंद।

                               सोसल मीडिया से फैदा

१- सोसल मीडिया से अवश्य ही पाठकुं मा वृद्धि होंदी
२- कुछ ब्लौगों या ग्रुप सदस्य प्रचार प्रसार मा साथ बि दींदन।
३ - सोसल मीडिया से साहित्यकार अपण ब्लौग का ट्रैफिक बढ़ान्दो।
४-सोसल मीडिया से झट पता लग जांद कि आपको साहित्य कथगा सफल च , जानदार च.
५- पाठकों रूचि अर बदलदी रूचि झट से पता चलि जांद
६ -साहित्यकारों तैं भागीदार साहित्यकार मिलदन
७- भक्त पाठकों संख्या मा वृद्धि होंद
                  कुछ प्रसिद्ध सोसल मीडिया माध्यम

आज  ट्वीटर सबसे मान्य अर तेज इंटरनेट सोसल माध्यम च. पण शायद अबि गढ़वळि-कुमाउंनी पाठक अर साहित्यकार ये माध्यमौ इस्तेमाल कम हि करदन।
ब्लॉग्स/साईट  - ब्लौग बडो महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम च. ब्यापारिक ब्लौग प्रयोग रैंकिंग मा  ब्लौग 79 % च
लिंकदीन- लिंकदीन तैं व्यापारिक संस्थान भौत प्रयोग करदन अर लिंकदीन को रैंकिंग 78 % च.
फेसबुक - फेसबुक को रैंकिंग व्यापारिक क्षेत्र माँ  77% च पण व्यापारी सौ प्रतिशत फेस बुक प्रयोग करदन
यूट्यूब- यूट्यूब को रैंकिंग व्यापारिक क्षेत्र मा 41% च
सोसल बुकमार्किंग -रैंकिंग 38 % च
यांक अलावा गूगल , प्रिन्तिन्त्रेस्ट बि छन

               

                                        यूट्यूब से कवियुं तै सर्वाधिक  फैदा

गढवाली-कुमाउंनी कवियुं तैं यूट्यूब से बहुत फैदा ह्वे सकद. व्यंग्यकार बि यूट्यूब से फैदा उठै सकदन। अचकाल मोबाइल माध्यम से वीडियोग्रैफी क्रिक यूट्यूब मा कविता पाठ पाठकुं तक पौंछाण सरल च.


                                 इंटरनेट रेडिओ

बेडुपाको साईट रेडिओ से साहित्य प्रसार करद, साहित्यकारों तैं बेडुपाको साईट से फैदा उठाण चयेन्द।

सबसे बड़ी बात च रणनिति बणाण अर रणनीति हिसाब से काम करण. इंटरनेट मा बगैर रणनीति फैदा नि होंद। किलैकि इंटरनेट मा तकनीक अर मनोविज्ञान द्वी दगड़ी काम करदन जो पारम्परिक माध्यमों से अलग च .

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 21 /7/2013

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Medhatithi: A Sanskrit Scholar and the First Commentator on Manusmiriti (Manubhashya) 

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 103

   Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Katyuri Imperialism in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) -14

          (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
                          (Asian Medieval History (740-1100 AD)

                                 By: Bhishma Kukreti
  Medhatithi was first Sanskrit scholar who did commentary on Manusmriti a Dhramashastra. 
     There are debates on the birth place of Medhatithi the first commentator of Manusmriti. George Buhler argues that he was Kashmirian and P.V. Kane supports up to some extent the argument. Robert Lingat cancelled the argument of Medhatithi being a Kashmiri born Sanskrit scholar.
                Some historians suggest Medhatithi that he has been writing after 820-1050CE. Lingat suggests that he lived around between ninth century and tenth century. Dabral suggests the life of Medhatithi 825-900CE.
  Medhatithi discussed about Asahay and Kumaril types of scholars in his commentary. He did not discuss about Shankaracharya. However, there are various sentences those were used by Shankaracharya. 
Julius Jolly argues that Medhatithi was inhabitant of south India.
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar discussed Medhatithi in his book Age of Imperial Kanauj (page 203).
                          Dev Prayag the Penance Place of Medhatithi

  It seems that Medhatithi was contemporary of Salonaditya a Katyuri king (876-908).
  There is a Shloka in Kedarkhand that puts light on Medhatithi
पूरा मेधातिथिनम अनूप द्विजसत्तम: I सूर्य्य भक्तिरतो नित्यं सूर्यमेवाभजत् सदा II.
सदैव सौर्मन्त्र वै जपंस्तस्थौ तु स्वे गृहेI एकदा मुनिशार्दूल गतो मेधातिथिर्मुनि II
देवप्रयागके क्षेत्रे तीर्थानामुत्तमोत्तमे I सौरकुण्डे महातीर्तः तीर्थानां प्रवरे शुभे II
तत्र गत्वा मुनि श्रेष्ठ तपश्च्क्रे महामति: I निराहारो वतात्मा वै निर्ममो नि:स्पृहः सुधीः II
       
                           ----Kedarkhand 155/4-8
    The Sholka narrates that Medhatithi did penance in Dev Prayag (confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda Rivers in Garhwal).
  If Medhatithi did penance in Dev Prayag that means he worked on Manubhashya in Dev Prayag.
Kedarkhand suggest that work place of Medhatithi was Dev Prayag.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 21/7//2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued... Part -104
Central Himalayan Medieval History of Katyuri Dynasty in Kumaon, Garhwal and Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...15
    (Central Himalayan Early Medieval Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...)
    (Asian Medieval Age History (740-1100 AD to be continued...)

                                        References
A1- Agrawal, D.P., J.S Kharkwal, 1998, Central Himalayas: an archeological, linguistic and cultural synthesis 
1-Atkinson, E.T. 1974 (new edition), 1974, Kumaon Hills
1A- Adhikari, Suryamani, 1997, The Khasa Kingdom
1B- Chandola, Khemanand, 1987, Across Himalayas through Ages: a study of relations between central Himalayas and western Tibet
2--Chaurasiya, Radhey Shyam, 2002, History of Ancient India: Earliest time to 1000AD
3--Dabral, Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag-3 Pages 429-513)
3A- Elliot and Dowson, History of Indian (2nd part)
4--Handa, O.C. 2002, history of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi 27, page 22-44
4A- Joshi, M.C., 1990, Uttaranchal (Kumaon-Garhwal) Himalaya: an essay in historical anthropology 
5-Linrothe, Rob, 1999, Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
6-Mishra, Nityanand, Source Materials of Kumaon History 
7-Mishra Baldev Prasad, Nepal ka Itihas
8- Pandey, B.D, 1937, new edition (1990), Kumaon ka Itihas
9- Pandey, Ram Niwas, 1997, Making of Modern Nepal, page 170
10-Rawat, Ajay S., 19 Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective 
11-Satyankritan, Rahul, Garhwal
11A-Saklani, Dinesh Prasad, 1998, Ancient Communities of The Himalayas
11B- Tripathi, Ramdatt , Katyur ka Itihas
12-Notes on Archeological Aspects of Uttarakhand: ascidehraduncircle.in/uttrakhand.html
13-Indian Archeology: A review, (edited by D. Mitra) 1979-80
14- Epigraphia  Indica 1982, Vol. XIII
15- Kane, P.V.1975, History of Dharmashastra
16- Lingat, Robert, 1973, The Classical laws of India 
17-Julius Jolly 1928, Hindu Law and Custom (translated by Balkrishna Ghos)
18-J.G. Buhler (his books as The laws of Manu on and detailed report on tour of Kashmir)
19-Manubhashya translated by Ganga Dhar Jha
Xxx                              xx
Notes on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by P.V.Kane; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Robert Lingat; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Buhler; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Jolly; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Majumdar; discussion on Birth place and work place of Medhatithi of Manubhashya by Dr Dabral; Shloka about Medhatithi in Kedarkhand 

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Alaknanda ku Chhal Ful: Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank


Folk Songs from Kumaon-Garhwal, Haridwar, Uttarkahnd-298
(Himalayan Folk Song/Traditional Folktales/ Conventional Sayings Series)

                                      By: Bhishma Kukreti

              There are various types of folk poetry in Garhwali language.
       The following folk song is about describing Alaknanda River, its bank, nearby forest and flowers in the bank forest. The simple words are capable creating River bank with exotic flowers. The following initiating lines create curiosity in audience mind or reader's mind.

  कुमाऊं, गढ़वाल ,हरिद्वार के  लोक गीत  -298           
 

         धौळि छाल  पर क्या फूल च ?

(सन्दर्भ: डा.  राम प्रसाद डोभाल ', 2011, गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ , गीत एवं नृत्य , उद्गाता 288-293)

(इंटरनेट प्रस्तुती व व्याख्या - भीष्म कुकरेती )


धौळि छाल क्या फूल च?
अनमणी भांति क्या फूल च ?
सैरो बौण मोयेगे क्या फूल च ?
सैरो धौळि चुमैली   क्या फूल च ?

What are those flowers at Alaknanda River bank?
What are those different Marvelous flowers at Alaknanda River bank?
What are those followers covering whole forest at Alaknanda River bank?
What are those flowers making river beautiful at Alaknanda River bank?

Copyright (Interpretation) @ Bhishma Kukreti, bckukreti@gmail.com 21/7/2013
Folk Songs from Kumaon-Garhwal-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued...299 
   
                                  Curtsey and references

Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)
Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )
Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet  (Folk Songs and Folk dances of Garhwal )
Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)
Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)
Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)
Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat
Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)
Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)
Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain) 
Ramesh Matiyani 'Shailesh' 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)
Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday
Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends 
C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas
N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet
E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore
M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal
Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley
Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal
Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana
Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle
Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150
Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen
Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen 
Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen, Alaknanda Prakashan
Bhishma Kukreti, Notes on History, Folk Literature of Haridwar
Khima Nand Sharma, Veer Balak Haru Heet, Kumauni Sahitya Sadan, Delhi, 1980.
Xx                        xxx
(टिहरी से गढवाली जागर, लोक गीत;  उत्तरकाशी से गढवाली जागर, लोक गीत; पौड़ी से गढवाली जागर,  लोक गीत; चमोली -रुद्रप्रयाग से गढवाली जागर,लोक गीत; नैनीताल से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत; अल्मोड़ा से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;पिथोरागढ़ -बागेश्वर से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;चम्पावत , उधम सिंह नगर से कुमाउनी जागर,लोक गीत;उत्तराखंडी जागर,लोक गीत;,  हरिद्वार से जागर,लोक गीत;,मध्य हिमालयी जागर,लोक गीत;, हिमालयी जागर,लोक गीत;उत्तर भारितीय जागर,लोक गीत; भारतीय जागर,लोक गीत; एशियाई जागर,लोक गीत श्रृंखला,
Xx          xxx
Notes on Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Badrinath Valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Kedarnath valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Neeti valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Nayar valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Hinwal valley  depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from  Bhilangana valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from East Ramganga valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Khoh valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Malini region depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Mandakini valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Yamunotri valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Tones valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank; Imagery Garhwali Folk Poetry from Vishnu Ganga valley depicting Flowers of Alaknanda River Bank;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Rupya Pathon Chaunl: Ranvanlti Folk Song Criticizing Inflation


Oriental/Asian Ravanlti Folk Literature from Ravain/Rawaeen, Yamuna-Tons Valley Region, Uttarkashi, Dehradun, Garhwal -44 
  रवांइ, उत्तरकाशी, देहरादून गढ़वाल क्षेत्र  के  प्रचलित   रंवाल्टी  लोक गीत- 44

                 Translation, Interpretation by: Bhishma Kukreti

Inflation had been the problem after British rule when coins came in more practices for selling and buying. The following initiating lines of a folk song criticize inflation effectively.




मंहगाई  पर कटाक्ष के लोक गीत



     (सन्दर्भ: मूल -डा. जगदीश 'जग्गू' नौडियाल)   
( इंटरनेट प्रस्तुति  एवं अतिरिक्त व्याखा - भीष्म कुकरेती )


रूप्या पाथों चौंळ ह्वेगी गेंहूँ  की नि दाणी जी,
पांच पांच सौ का भैंस ह्वेन दूध की नि माणी जी I
भैंस का मोल गौड़ा ह्वेगीन गौड़ा मोल बखरा जी,
सौदा खाणक पैसा नीन कनि होई बकरी जी I

Now rupee a kilo is rice grain.
Now, I don't have a wheat grain.
Now, Buffalo is five hundred rupees per buffalo
Now, there is guarantee of milk from buffalo
Now, Cows are available at the buffalo price of yesterday.
Now, goats are available at the cow price of yesterday.

Copyright Interpretation, @ Bhishma Kukreti 20/7/2013 
   References:
Dr Jagdish Prasad 'Jaggu' Naudiyal, 2011, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar

Oriental/Asian Folk Literature from Ravain/Rawaeen, Yamuna-Tons Valley Region, Uttarkashi, Dehradun, Garhwal to be continued ...45 
( रवांइ क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; हर की दून, रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; जानकी चट्टी, रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; फुल चट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; मोरी रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; पुजेली , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; पुरोला , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; बनाल पट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; राढ़ी डांडा,  रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; यमुनोत्री , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; हनुमान चट्टी , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; खरसाली रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; गंगनाणी ,  रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; बडकोट , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; नौगाँव , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; आराकोट , रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; जर्मोला धार रवांइ -उत्तरकाशी क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;लाखामंडल,  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;चकरौता  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ;अनहोल रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत ; त्यूणी  रवांइ -देहरादून  क्षेत्र के रंवाल्टी  भाषा जागर, लोक गीत श्रृखला जारी)
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Notes on Ranvanlti Folk Song Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Arakot Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Tyuni Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Anhol Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Har ki Dun Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Naitwad Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Mori Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Jarmola Dhar Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Ringali danda Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Purola Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Lakhamadnal Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Naugaon Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Gangnani Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Hanuman Chatti Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Ful Chatti Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Janki Chatti Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from Kharsali Garhwal Criticizing Inflation; Ranvanlti Folk Song from  Yamunotri Garhwal Criticizing Inflation;