Articles By Bhisma Kukreti - श्री भीष्म कुकरेती जी के लेख

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Asian History of Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah


              (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 193

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

Time Period of King Gyan Chand -1668-1708
Inscriptions –
1-Copper Inscription for Jagir to Kulomani Pande-1701 AD
2-Copper Inscriptions for Krishna Nand Joshi- 1703 AD
3- Donation for Patal-Bhuvneshwar temple -1708
4- A Copper inscription for transferring right of Chautha daftar to Shrinath Adhikari from Prayag Das Joshi
Contemporary Kings of Gyan Chandra
Garhwal King – Fate Shah (1664-1716)
Delhi Mogul emperors Aurangzeb (1659-1707) and Bahadur Shah (1707-1712)

Twelve Years Continuous Infighting between Kumaon and Garhwal Kingdoms

                King Udyot Chand handed over regime to his son Gyan Chand in his life. Usually, in past, the tendency was that newly Kumaon King would attack on Katyuri Kingdom. However, now the newly Kumaon King had started attacking on Garhwal.
              In his early years of ruling, Kumaon king Gyan Chandra attacked Garhwal. Gyan Chandra attacked Pindar valley, till Tharali and looted the people.
          In 1699, Kumaon King Gyan Chandra attacked on Badhan region of Garhwal and looted Nanda Devi temple and brought Nanda Devi idol with him.
         In 1700, Kumaon King Gyan Chand attacked on Savli, Khatli and Saindhar Patti of Malla Salan Pargna and looted there.
                   In 1701, Garhwal King Fate Shah attacked on Ginvad and Chaukot of Pali Pargana of Kumaon Kingdom. On these years there were attacks from both sides on the bordering regions of Garhwal and Kumaon. People migrated from those regions as they were not sure they would cut the crop sown by them. The bordering regions became forest land.
                   In 1703, Kumaon army entered Garhwal kingdom. There was fierce battle in Dudholi of Garhwal between Kumaon army and Garhwal army. Kumaon army defeated Garhwal army.
               Kumaon King Gyan Chand attacked Bhabhar region of Doti in 1704. The Kumaon army looted Bhabhar region of Doti kingdom. However, Kumaon army caught by fever of Bhabhar. Hundreds of Kumaon soldiers died due to Bhabhar fever and hundreds of soldiers fell ill for many years.
In 1707, Kumaon king attacked with huge army on Garhwal. Kumaon army captured Juniya Garh of Garhwal. Kumaon army reached to Chandpur Garhi via Panuvakhal, Divalikhal and Bharadigad. Kumaon army looted Garhwal region and return back to Almora.
                                Honor to Scholars by Kumaon King Gyan Chand

               In 1690, Poet Matiram wrote poetry collection 'Alankar Panchshika' in praise of Prince Gyan Chand. That means Gyan Chand was looking after rule in his father life. Matiram praised Garhwali king and Kumaon king in 'Vritkaumadi'. Bhushan (1613-1715) the court poet of Shivaji also visited courts of Kumaon, Garhwal and Nepal.
                   
                               Donation and Religious works by Kumaon King Gyan Chandra

Gyan Chandra visited Haridwar in 1700.
In 1703, Gyan Chand repaired Baidyanath temple at Gomati bank.
In 1703, Kumaon King Gyan Chandra built Badrinath temple in Katyur region.
In 1704, Kumaon king Gyan Chand built a building near Dharanaula , Almora.
In 1704 He donated land and a house to Vishwaswarup Pant.
Gyan Chand built a water reservoir in Haval bag Bhabhar –Tarai.
Kumaon king Gyan Chand died in 1708.
His son Jagat Chand got kingdom.
  Rudra Datt  Pant refers Gyan Chandra as capable king. 




Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 21/11/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev's Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -194   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued....
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued...
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued...)
Xx
Notes on South Asian History of Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Kumaon, Uttarakhand King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Kumaon, Himalayan King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Kumaon , North Indian King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Pithoragarh-Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Champawat- Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Dwarhat-Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Bageshwar- Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Almora-Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Nainital-Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Udham Singh Nagar -Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Ranikhet- Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah; South Asian History of Haldwani- Kumaon King Gyan Chandra: A Capable King Contemporary of Mogul Emperors Aurangzeb and Bahadur Shah;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Introductory notes on Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni –Haridwar Folk Literature

                        (A Research Review of Garhwali-Kumaoni –Haridwar Literature)
Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature part -1

                                      Bhishma Kukreti
                   When literacy was in scarcity, society was transferring its knowledge specially management knowledge through folk literature.  It might be true that folk literature was the only source of managing the management training in the past societies of Garhwal-Kumaon and Haridwar.
                      When this author's book on Garhwali folk tales 'Garhwal ki Lok Kathayen' was published and a couple of critics criticized the author on his introductory notes in Hindi daily Hindustan Delhi and Nav Bharat Times Delhi. This author stated that in reality, the Folk Tales are the source of teaching Management to new generation by senior generation. While critics remarked that folk tales are something different than management teaching.
                This author is still of opinion that one of objectives Folk literature and sayings is to carry the teaching of management.
   This author, on following chapters would discuss the different management skills found in Garhwali and Kumaoni folk Literature.

                        Types of Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature
  There are following major branches of Kumaoni-Garhwali folk literature-
1-Folk Songs 
2-Folklores
3-Folk Tales
4-Folk dramas
5-Proverbs and folk Sayings
6-Folk Games, Folk Puzzles, Folk Riddles etc
                         In the following chapters, this author would find the management lesions from above folk literature of Garhwal-Kumaon and Haridwar.
                                  Major Types of Management
There are following Macro Level Management branches
1-General Management
2- Administration Management
3-Strategy and strategy formulation Management
4-Human Resource Development Management
5-Public Relation Management
6- Agriculture, Seasonal changes  Management
7- Marketing/Business Management
8-Human behavior, Motivation, personal and interpersonal Management
9-Analysis and use of Statics Management
10-Coaching, teaching, counseling Management
11-Intformation technology changes Management
12-Change Management
13- Competence and Competition Management
14- Decisions making Management
15-Crisis and disaster Management
16-Socity, cultural, employment, employees, Management
17-Diversity Management
18-Labor Management
19-Geographical Environment, psychological environment Management
20-Business, entrepreneurship, export-import, marketing Management
21-Opportunity Management
22-Training, teaching Management
23- Parenting Management
24-Health and Safety Management
25- Infrastructure, resources creation Management
26- Happiness Management
27-Forcasting Management
28-Quality, Character building Management
29-Controlling Management
30-Finance Management
31-Knowledge Management
32- All other miscellaneous branches of Management







  Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti bckukreti@gmail.com  21/11/2013

     Notes on   Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature to be continued in part -2
Research Review of Garhwali-Kumaoni Literature to be continued....
                References


Xx
Notes on Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni –Haridwar Folk Literature; General Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Administration Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Strategy  Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Human Resource Development Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Public Relation Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Agriculture Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Marketing  Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature;  Human behavioral science , Motivation Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Analytical Statistic Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Benchmarking Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature;  Business  Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni-Haridwar Folk Literature;  Change Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature;  Coaching , Counseling Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Competence and competition Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Information flow  Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Information technology change Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Crisis, disaster Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature;  Decision making Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Diversity Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Employment and Employees Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature;  Empowerment  Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Health Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Opportunities Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Entrepreneurship  Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Environment Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  innovation Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Communication and Interpersonal communication Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Health and safety Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Cultural Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Leadership Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Export and Import Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Leadership Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni-Haridwar Folk Literature;  Training, Educating  Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Knowledge Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Psychology Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Economical Happiness Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature;  Globalization  Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Forecasting Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Controlling Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Quality Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Personal and Social Finance Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Law and order Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni -Haridwar Folk Literature;  Social management in Garhwali-Kumaoni- Haridwar folk literature

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                               उत्तराखंड  परिपेक्ष में भिलमोरी /चंगेरी  की सब्जी ,औषधीय व अन्य   उपयोग और   इतिहास

                                                 
                            History /Origin /introduction, Food uses , Economic Uses of  Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata)   in Uttarakhand context
                                           उत्तराखंड  परिपेक्ष  में  जंगल से उपलब्ध सब्जियों  का  इतिहास -23

                                     History of Wild Plant Vegetables ,  Agriculture and Food in Uttarakhand -23                       
         
                                              उत्तराखंड में कृषि व खान -पान -भोजन का इतिहास --63

                                        History of Agriculture , Culinary , Gastronomy, Food, Recipes  in Uttarakhand -63


                                                                आलेख :  भीष्म कुकरेती


उत्तराखंडी नाम -भिलमोरी
संस्कृत नाम -चंगेरी , अम्लपत्रिका
हिंदी नाम -  अमरूल . अम्बिलोसा
रहन सहन -एक शीघ्र फैलने वाली लतायुक्त खर पतवार है जो  1300 -2200 मीटर ऊँचे स्थलों  में उगती है। इसके पत्ते गहरे हरे व फूल पीले होते हैं। भिलमोरी /चंगेरी की लता जमीन के समांतर 10 इंच  तक जा सकता है।

भिलमोरी /चंगेरी जन्मस्थल यूरोप है।

चरक संहिता , सुश्रुवा संहिता में चंगेरी /भिलमोरी को  दस्त , रक्तस्राव में औषधीय उपयोग का उल्लेख हुआ है।
चंगेरी /भिलमोरी का उपयोग यकृत संबंधी रोगों में भी होता है।


              भिलमोरी /चिचोड़ा  की भाजी

भिलमोरी /चंगेरी   के पौधे पौधे में ऑक्सेलिक ऐसिड प्रचुर मात्रा में पाया जाता है , इसलिए भिलमोरी /चिचोड़ा का स्वाद खट्टा , कुछ अनोखे तीखेपन लिए होता है। विटामिन C बहुत होता है किन्तु अधिक खाने से शरीर के कैल्सियम पर बुरा प्रभाव पड़ सकता हैं। यही कारण है कि भिलमोरी /चंगेरी  का उपयोग कम होता है।
लता सहित पत्तियों  सब्जी वैसी  बनाई जाती है जैसे मरसू , राइ की का  बनाया जाता है।
गरम कढ़ाई में तेल गरम करने के बाद जख्या छौंकने के बाद थिंचे लहसुन को  थोड़ा सा भूनने के बाद भिलमोरी /चिचोड़ा की पत्तियों को डंठल सहित मसालों के साथ पकाया जाता है।
भिलमोरी /चंगेरी पत्तियों के पहले उबालकर मरसू की सब्जी जैसी सब्जी भी बनाई जाती है। 
भिलमोरी /चंगेरी के खट्टे  स्वाद  , कुछ अनोखे तीखेपन के कारण किन्ही अन्य सब्जियों में स्वादवृद्धि के लिए भी उपयोग होता है।
यदि आवश्यकता पड़ जाय तो झंगोरा  के पीठ या मक्के के आटे के साथ भिलमोरी /चंगेरी/ चिचोड़ा का कफिल /धपड़ी भी बनाई जाती है जिसे अन्य महाद्वीपों या देसों  में सूप कहा जाता है।
मुख्यत: यह वनस्पति अकाल या सब्जी की कमी वाले मौसम की सब्जी है।
                           भिलमोरी /चिचोड़ा का शरबत

चंगेरी /भिलमोरा का स्वाद नीम्बू जैसा होता है।  पत्तियों को धो  कर दस मिनट तक उबाला जाता है।  फिर

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  21 /11/2013

Notes on History of Culinary, Gastronomy in Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Pithoragarh Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Doti Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Dwarhat, Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Pithoragarh Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Champawat Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Nainital Uttarakhand;History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Almora, Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Bageshwar Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Udham Singh Nagar Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Rudraprayag, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Dehradun Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Tehri Garhwal  Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Uttarakhand Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Haridwar Uttarakhand;

( उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; पिथोरागढ़ , कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;चम्पावत कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; बागेश्वर कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; नैनीताल कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;उधम सिंह नगर कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;अल्मोड़ा कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; हरिद्वार , उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;पौड़ी गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;चमोली गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; देहरादून गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; टिहरी गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; हिमालय  में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;     उत्तर भारत में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; उत्तराखंड , दक्षिण एसिया में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास लेखमाला श्रृंखला )

Notes on History /Origin /introduction of  wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata)   in Uttarakhand Context , Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables  Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Rudraprayag Garhwal Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible  vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata)  in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Pithoragarh,Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Almora, Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata)  in Bageshwar Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Nainital, Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Champawat , Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; Notes on History /Origin /introduction of  wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata)  in Haridwar Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context;Notes on History /Origin /introduction of  wild edible vegetables  Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Dehradun Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context;Notes on History /Origin /introduction of  wild edible vegetables Wood Yellow Sorrel , Sleeping Beauty  ( Oxlis corniculata) in Udham Singh Nagar Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays

                   गढवाली लोक नाटकों / लोक  गीतों में   अमर्ष     भाव

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -45

                                    Bhishma Kukreti

                        Indignation means righteous anger.  When a more intelligent, more prosperous person or powerful in nay character insults another person the second person feels indignation or righteous anger.
         According to Bharat's Natyashastra (7/77), indignation sentiment is performed by shaking head, perspiration, thinking, reflecting, with dejected face, showing determination while working , looking, for a way out , for help and so on.

             Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Prose Folk Drama
           I remember a folk drama played by us children in a Grazing field Mithal hill of Jaspur, Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal around summer of 1968-69.             
एक गढवाली नाटक में  अमर्ष    भाव
जवान ग्राम प्रधान -क्या भै काऴया ! क्या चयाणु च ?
अड़बुडेड़ काऴया- प्रधान बेटा ! एक सटिफिकेट  चयाणु च
ग्राम प्रधान - सूण ! काका बाड़ा ड्यारम हूंद . क्यांक सटिफिकेट ?
काऴया - म्यार नौनु किलास  मा फस्ट आयि।  गरीबी सटिफिकेट चयाणु च।
ग्राम प्रधान बेइजती करणो भाव मा - हूँ ! अबे त्यार नौनु कथगा बि नंबर लै जालु।  करण त वैन मजदूरी ही च।  अबि जा भोळ ली जै सटिफिकेट ....
काऴया (भैर जांद जांद , गुस्सा मा  स्वत:  ) - मी  बि अपण बुबाक  काऴया नी छौं जु मि अपण नौनु तैं बीए पास नि करौं !



                        Indignation sentiment in Garhwali Ritual Folk Song

              गढवाली जागर (लोक नाटकों / लोक  गीतों)  में   अमर्ष     भाव
There are many Jagar in Garhwali and Kumaoni where in between the sentiment of indignation is shown. At the time of singing folk song and performing Ghadela ritual, the Jagari also acts as if he is feeling indignation sentiment.   
When the story of   sequence "  Binta was sad as her step son Bhanupankhi (son of Kadru) informed in past that the color of Sun Chariot was white" come the sentiment of indignation is clear.
कद्रू और बिनता की लोकगाथा में अमर्ष भाव   

मूल -डा गोविन्द चातक   
कद्रू का नाग ह्वेन, बिनता का गरुड़
कद्रू बनिता द्वी ह्वेली सौत
सूती डाह छै  तौमा
कद्रू बोल्दि तब -
हे भूली बिनता तेरो बेटा भानपंखी
रंद सूर्या का लोक मा
सूर्य भगवान को रथ चलौंद
बोल दौं हे भुलि
सूर्य को रथ कै रंग को होलो?
तब बिनता बोलदे
सूर्य को स्वेत  रथ होलो
तब नागु की माता कना बैन बोदे -
आज भुलि तेरा मेरा बीच
कौल होई जाला
मै सणि तू भुलि धरम दियाल
सूर्य को सुफेद रथ होलो
तब मै तेरी दासी होई जौलो
अर  काळो   रथ होलो तब तू
मेरी दासी बणी जाली।
तब कॉल करार करिगे नागु की माता , रौंदड़ा लगौंदी तब छुयेड़ा चारदे
मन मारिक अपणा काल्गिरी नाग .......
                     Story of Kadru and Binta Folklore of Garhwal-Kumaon
        Kadru and Binta were co-wives or Sautiya sisters.  Kadru was mother of Nag (snakes) and Binta was mother of Garud (eagles). They had Sautiya Dah (strong jealousy) between them. Once, Kadru asked Binta the color of Surya's  Rath  (Sun's chariot) as Binta's son Bhanupankhi was chariot driver of Sun. Binta informed that the color of Sun Chariot is white but Kadru denied and said that the color of Sun Chariot is black. Both ended in betting for the colour of Sun Chariot. The bet was that whoever would lose would become the slave of winner of bet.
  Kadru the mother of Nag (snakes) was worried as she was afraid of losing bet because the color of Sun Chariot was white. She called her son Kalgiri Nag and told her the incident of betting between her and Binta.  Kadru ordered Kalgiri to make Sun chariot as black. Kalgiri went to Sun galaxy along with his brothers and they all surrounded Sun. By the surrounding of snakes the Sun Chariot seemed as blackish chariot. 
  Happily Kadru called Binta and showed the black colored Sun Chariot. Binta lost the bet and told that from tomorrow she would be slave of Kadru.   
             Binta was sad as her step son Bhanupankhi (son of Kadru) informed in past that the color of Sun Chariot was white.   
      Mishri Garud (eagle) became restless in heaven (with lord Vishnu). He tells his boss lord Vishnu that there is something wrong with her mother and she is in some dire situation. Mishri Garud reached to his mother Binti but his mother did not show love for him. After perusal Binta told that his step brother Bhanpankhi deceived her and covered sun Chariot for showing black color and now she is slave of Kadru.  Mishri Garud. Misri Garud took the vow to free his mother from slavery of his step mother Kadru.
Mishri Garud reached to his step brother Kalgiri Nag and said,'" kalgiri! Why did you make my mother slave of your mother by deceit methods?'"
Kalgiri answered, If you bring Amrit kalash from heaven and give it us, we shall free your mother from slavery."
Mishri Garud brought Amrit Kalash (Nectar Pot) to Kalgiri Nag. Kalgiri Nag became happy and decided to take Amrit after bathing. Kalgiri Nag went for bathing. In the mean time lord Vishnu came and advised to Garud that he should also deceive Kalgiri. As per advice, Mishri Garud took Nectar Pot to heaven and came back to Naglok.
   When kalgiri came back after bathing he did not find the Nectar pot and he became angry on Mishri Garud. Kalgiri started attacking garud for battle. There was stif battle between Mishri Garud and snakes. Mishri Garud killed all snakes.
Kalgiri snake hid near Mishridah pond. A fish came near Mishridah pond. Mishri Garud killed that fish and its blood and flesh fell on a sage. The sage cursed Mishri Garud that if his shadow fells on the pond the Garud would die.
Lord Vishnu brough back Kalgiri Nag and told," Nag and Garud! You all are brothers. You should live together with discipline. Garud should only kill a snake in a month. "


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 21/11/2013

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter.

                 References
1-Bharat Natyam
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali lok swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
Xx
Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Indignation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia;


गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  अमर्ष भाव; टिहरी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  अमर्ष भाव;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  अमर्ष  भाव;हरिद्वार गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में   अमर्ष भाव;देहरादून गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में अमर्ष   भाव;पौड़ी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में   अमर्ष भाव;चमोली गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  अमर्ष  भाव; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में अमर्ष   भाव;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                          सतपाल महाराज जी ! नै कज्याणि बिगरौ मा पुराणि कज्याण  नि बिसरि जैन !

                                        चबोड़्या -चखन्यौर्या -भीष्म कुकरेती

     
(s =आधी अ  = अ , क , का , की ,  आदि )

                 अचकाल क्या बरसों से रिवाज च बल नै नै कज्याणि बिगरौ मा मरद पैलाक कज्याण बिसरि जांद।  पौड़ी क्षेत्रौ सांसद सतपाल महाराज जी का बि इनि हाल दिखेणा छन।  पुराणा जमाना मा हरम संस्कृति मा पुराणि राणि तैं नबाज साबौ दर्शन कर्याँ दसियों साल ह्वे जांद छा अर नबाब साब हर साल नै नै खवानीस दुल्हन तैं हरम जोग करदु छौ।  तथाकथित रेल पुरुष की फोटो दिखुद अर मि तैं यि नबाबजादा याद ऐ जांदन जु पुराणि घरवळिक हिफाजत त करदा नि छा अर नै नै कज्याण्युं कुण नै महल , नै बौड़ी बणान्दा छा । पुराणि कज्याण कुठड़ि पुटुक सड़णि ह्वावो , दम तोड़णि ह्वावो अर बुड्या   नै कज्याण लाणो विचार सरा गां वाळ तैं बताणु कि मीन नै बिगरैलि बांद लाणाइ।  सतपाल महाराज की याद करदु अर मि तैं इतिहास का उ दिन याद ऐ जांदन जब पैल रणिवास मा दस दस कज्याण सालों से राजा प्रतीक्षा करणा रौंदि छे कि राजा आवो त राजकुमार -राजकुमारी पैदा ह्वावन पण राजा च कि अपण नपुंसकता  छुपाणो बान , अपणि इम्पोटेंसी लुकाणो वास्ता हर साल दस नई दुल्हन लांदो छौ। सौ राण्युं नपुंसक पति महाराज  दुनिया मा बुलणु रौंद छौ मि  परजा तैं राजकुमार दीणो बान दूर देस से नई राणि लाणु छौं।  सतपाल महाराज की फोटो देखिक मि तै वै कजे याद ऐ जांद जु छौंद भूख -तीस से बेहाल बच्चों देख भाळ करणम असमर्थ ह्वावो पण चौथु ब्यौ त्यारी मा व्यस्त रावो।

  सतपाल जी यदि महाराज नि हूंद छा त सचमुच मा म्यार मुखान कुजाण क्या क्या गाळी -लाब -काब ऐ जाण छौ धौं।
सतपाल महाराज जी तताकथित रेल पुरुष नि हूंद छा त मीन सतपाल जीक बांठै धरण छे कि असभ्य से असभ्य गाळी बि शरमा मारन मूक लुकै दींदि !
सतपाल महाराज जीन गढवाळम आश्रम नि खोल्यां हूंदा त मीन सतपाल महाराज जी  तैं इन इन गंदी से गंदी उपमा दीण छे कि केजरीवाल की आप पार्टी मि तैं उत्तराखंड ना सै पण गढ़वाल का पार्टी अध्यक्ष अवश्य बणै  दींदी।
सतपाल माहाराज जी एक दैं हम लोगुं तैं भरमाणो वास्ता ही सै लोकसभा मा स्थानीय भाषाओं तैं संविधान की आठवीं सूची मा रखणो प्रस्ताव नि लांदा छा त मीन सतपाल जी तैं  खूनी  खजर , खूनी मंजर  , खूनी खंद्वार जन बेहयाई पदवी  देक भाजपा सम्राट से गुजरात रत्न की पदवी त  लेइ  लीण छे। 
  नै नै ! जरा ठहरो ! सतपाल महाराज जी अपण श्रीमती अमृता रावत जी छोड़ि दुसर पत्नी नि लाणा छन।  बात कुछ हौर च।
अबि कुछ दिन पैल सतपाल महाराज उप राष्ट्रपति दगड़ लैटिन अमेरिका मा पेरू देस गेन अर सतपाल जीक दिल किनुआ पर ऐ गे।  अर दगड़म उत्तराखंड की उद्यान -बगवान मंत्र्यांणी श्रीमती अमृता रावत को दिल बि पेरू   का किनुआ पर ऐ गे ।
मनुष्य पर दुसरौ कज्याण बिगरैलि  अर दुसरौ कजे कामगति लगणो रोग पुराणो च।  सतपाल महाराज जी अर श्रीमती अमृता रावत तै किनुआ मा उत्तराखंड विकास का वास्ता एक रामबाण   दिखे गे।
किनुआ एक गुलेटिनहीन , उच्च प्रोटीनयुक्त अनाज (स्यूडोसीरल )  च जो कम नमी बलुआ धरती मा बि खूब पैदा ह्वे सकद।
अब जब सतपाल महाराज जी अर श्रीमती अमृता रावत का दिल किनुआ पर ऐ गे तो इन बुल्याणु च बल पंत नगर कृषि विश्वविद्यालय का वैज्ञानिक पेरू जाला अर निकट भविष्य मा किनुआ की खेती उत्तराखंड मा बि होलि। सतपाल जीक दलील च बल कम कीमत पर उत्तराखंड्युं तैं एक सम्पूर्ण अनाज मिल  जालो।  सतपाल महाराज पेरू का कई रंगीन मुंगर्युं से भि प्रभावित छन अर सतपाल महाराज यूँ मुंगर्युं तैं उत्तराखंड मा लाण चाणा छन।

सतपाल महारज जी ! क्या उत्तराखंड की समस्या नयो  अनाज नि उपजाणौ  च ?
क्या उत्तराखंड कृषि की समस्या या च कि उत्तराखंड मा रंगीन मुंगरी नि हूँदन ?
क्वादो -झंगोरा की ही खेती पहाड़ मा दुबर शुरू करवावो तो उत्तराखंड तैं किनुआ की जरूरत ही नी  च।  चलो माना नई कज्याण किनुआ पुराणि कज्याण झंगोरा -क्वादो से जादा उपजाऊ च पण  सासत्व सवाल को जबाब कु द्यालो कि पहाड़ों मा खेती करण वाळ कखन आला ? सतपाल महारज जी ! किनुआ की खेती का वास्ता बि त उत्तराखंड -पहाड़ों मा किसाणु जरोरत होलि कि ना ?
सतपाल साब ! किनुआ की कृषि वास्ता बि त गूणी -बांदर -सुंगर से रक्षा बंदोबस्त की जरूरत होलि कि ना ?
सतपाल साहब ! पहाड़ों की समस्या क्या क्या फसलो खेती करे जावो कतई नी  च बल्कणम असली समस्या त खाली गाँव छन।   आपका संसदीय क्षेत्र का तो नया रिकॉर्ड च कि पौड़ी जिला मा जनसंख्या मा भारी कमी आणि च।
सतपाल जी ! पैल इन बतावो कि किनुआ उगाण  असली समस्या को निदान च   क्या ?
पहाड़ों मा अनाज उगाण कदापि बि समस्या निदान नी  च बलकणम समस्या निदान तो बागवानी ही च।
उत्तराखंड की समस्या किनाउहीन खेती नी च  बलकणम प्रवास्युं द्वारा कृषि मा भागीदारी नि निभाण च।  जब तलक पुंगडूं  असली मालिक प्रवासी कृषि मा भागीदारी नि निभाला तब तलक किनुआ की बात करण फोकटिया सुपिन दिखण च अर शायद प्रवासी बागवानी मा ही भागीदारी निभै सकदन।
तो सतपाल महाराज जी पैल प्रावास्युं भागीदारी बारा मा समाधान की स्वाचो फिर किनुवा का बारा मा स्वाचो।
अनाज की खेती मा प्रवास्युं (  खेतों असली मालिक छन ) भागीदारी ह्वैइ नि सकदी तो फिर किनुआ कु उपजालु ?
अर किनुआ /किनुवा कि खेती इन बि नी  च कि तिल जन ब्वावो अर फिर काटणो ही जावो।  आज यदि इनि जि  फसल उगाण सरल हूंद त पहाड़ी गांवों मा तिल की खेती तैं किले आप बढ़ावा नि दीणा छंवां ?
म्यार सांसद जी ! ऊत्तराखण्ड का पहाड़ों समस्या या नी च कि उख दुनिया का सबसे स्वास्थ्य वर्धक अनाज की खेती नि होंदि ।  पहाड़ों समस्या केवल एकी च कि प्रवासी खेती मा भागीदारी नि निभाणा छन अर प्रवास्यूं भागीदारी बगैर तुम अमृत बी लावो तो खेतिs दशा नि सुधर सकदी ! मेरी दरख्वास्त च बल किनुआ तैं प्रवास्युं भागीदारी से ज्वाड़ो तबि किनुआ का बारा मा ब्वालो



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti  22/11/2013

[गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य, सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी  दृष्टि से, हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ, सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं;- जसपुर निवासी  के  जाती असहिष्णुता सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ढांगू वाले के  पृथक वादी  मानसिकता सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;गंगासलाण  वाले के  भ्रष्टाचार, अनाचार, अत्याचार पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; लैंसडाउन तहसील वाले के  धर्म सम्बन्धी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;पौड़ी गढ़वाल वाले के वर्ग संघर्ष सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; उत्तराखंडी  के पर्यावरण संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;मध्य हिमालयी लेखक के विकास संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य;उत्तरभारतीय लेखक के पलायन सम्बंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; मुंबई प्रवासी लेखक के सांस्कृतिक विषयों पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; महाराष्ट्रीय प्रवासी लेखक का सरकारी प्रशासन संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; भारतीय लेखक के राजनीति विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; सांस्कृतिक मुल्य ह्रास पर व्यंग्य , गरीबी समस्या पर व्यंग्य, आम आदमी की परेशानी विषय के व्यंग्य, जातीय  भेदभाव विषयक गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; एशियाई लेखक द्वारा सामाजिक  बिडम्बनाओं, पर्यावरण विषयों   पर  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, राजनीति में परिवार वाद -वंशवाद   पर गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य; ग्रामीण सिंचाई   विषयक  गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य, विज्ञान की अवहेलना संबंधी गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य  ; अन्धविश्वास  पर चोट करते गढ़वाली हास्य व्यंग्य    श्रृंखला जारी ...]

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                 Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Kumaon King Jagat Chandra

              (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 194

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

Ruling Time Period of Kumaon King Jagat Chand/Chandra -1708-1720
Contemporary North Indian Rulers –
Garhwal- Fate Shah (1664-1716); Upendra Shah (1716-1717); Pradip Shah (1717-1772)
Delhi Mogul Emperor – Bahadur Shah (1707-1712); Jahandar Shah (1712-1713); Farukhshiyar Shah (1713-1719) and Muhammad Shah (1719-1749)

                     Historical Analysis of Attack on Garhwal by Kumaon King Jagat Chand
            In the time of King Gyan Chandra, there were wars for twelve years between Kumaon and Garhwal Kingdoms.
                    Due to regular wars between Kumaon and Garhwal kingdoms the bordering regions became human less and region were as good as barren forest land.
                According to Atkinson, in 1708, Kumaon king Jagat Chandra attacked on Loha Garh the border region of Garhwal and established army camp there.
    According to Atkinson, in 1709, Kumaon King Jagat Chand reached to Shrinagar via Pindar valley and Garhwal King Fate Shah ran away to Dehradun.  Jagat Chand distributed loot to his army and poor. Jagat Chand donated Shrinagar to a Brahmin. The story is ridiculous. Fate Shah was a brave Garhwali King who did fight with Guru Govind Singh too. Garhwal King Fate Shah fought with Hoon region (Tibet). Fate Shah captured Saharanpur from Mogul (though the rule could be for some time). Such King would have fought with Kumaon King. It is ridiculous that there was no Garhwal army from Kumaon border to Shri Nagar. There is no record of Donation of Shrinagar by Kumaon King to Brahmin.           There is no record of such war at all. The inscriptions of Jagat Chand do not scribe winning Shrinagar at all.
                      Garsar donation by Garhwal King Fate Shah
Garhwal King ordered his (inscription of 1710) Badhan army commander that he had offered land of Garsar in Katyur Kumaon for Badrinath temple. Fate Shah ordered Badhan army commander that he would see that Kumaon King does not harass the subject of Garsar. This inscription was also used as witness for Garsar as tax free zone in British rule too.

                   Religious Donation by Kumaon King Jagat Chand
  Jagat Chandra donated thousand of caws. He spent money on religious rituals too. Kumaon King Jagat Chand donated land for temples of Punyagiri, Bhramaridevi, Baijnath, Nagnath and Bhuvneshwar. Jagat Chand also donated land to Pundit Devi Datt family.
In his ruling period, Padma Dev Pandey wrote 'Jagat Chandrika'.

                                   Administration in Jagat Chand

               Kumaon king Jagat Chand had annual income of nine lakhs rupees from Tarai region. Jagat chand was sober person. The Joshi of Jhinjhad, Joshi of Galli , Joshi of Danya were on high post of court . Manik Gaida Bisht, Sur Singh Aidi, Pahad Singh Gusain were on high post in Jagat Chand court.
      Jagat Chandra offered Najarana (gift or tribute) as Horses, elephants, Chanvar, Khanda, Peshkash, khunkri, Musk, herbal medicines and gold-silver utensils to Delhi Mogul Emperors.
  Kumaon King Jagat Chand was habitual of gambling. Jagat Chandra levied tax to his subject on gambling.
          Jagat Chand died due to small pox in 1720 and his son Devi Chandra got kingdom.





Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 22/11/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev's Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -195   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued....
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued...
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued...)
Xx
Notes on Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Pithoragarh -Kumaon Kingdom ; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Champawat-Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Bageshwar-Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Almora-Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Nainital-Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Kumaon Udham Singh Nagar-kingdom and King Jagat Chandra;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                 Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Kumaon King Jagat Chandra

              (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 194

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

Ruling Time Period of Kumaon King Jagat Chand/Chandra -1708-1720
Contemporary North Indian Rulers –
Garhwal- Fate Shah (1664-1716); Upendra Shah (1716-1717); Pradip Shah (1717-1772)
Delhi Mogul Emperor – Bahadur Shah (1707-1712); Jahandar Shah (1712-1713); Farukhshiyar Shah (1713-1719) and Muhammad Shah (1719-1749)

                     Historical Analysis of Attack on Garhwal by Kumaon King Jagat Chand
            In the time of King Gyan Chandra, there were wars for twelve years between Kumaon and Garhwal Kingdoms.
                    Due to regular wars between Kumaon and Garhwal kingdoms the bordering regions became human less and region were as good as barren forest land.
                According to Atkinson, in 1708, Kumaon king Jagat Chandra attacked on Loha Garh the border region of Garhwal and established army camp there.
    According to Atkinson, in 1709, Kumaon King Jagat Chand reached to Shrinagar via Pindar valley and Garhwal King Fate Shah ran away to Dehradun.  Jagat Chand distributed loot to his army and poor. Jagat Chand donated Shrinagar to a Brahmin. The story is ridiculous. Fate Shah was a brave Garhwali King who did fight with Guru Govind Singh too. Garhwal King Fate Shah fought with Hoon region (Tibet). Fate Shah captured Saharanpur from Mogul (though the rule could be for some time). Such King would have fought with Kumaon King. It is ridiculous that there was no Garhwal army from Kumaon border to Shri Nagar. There is no record of Donation of Shrinagar by Kumaon King to Brahmin.           There is no record of such war at all. The inscriptions of Jagat Chand do not scribe winning Shrinagar at all.
                      Garsar donation by Garhwal King Fate Shah
Garhwal King ordered his (inscription of 1710) Badhan army commander that he had offered land of Garsar in Katyur Kumaon for Badrinath temple. Fate Shah ordered Badhan army commander that he would see that Kumaon King does not harass the subject of Garsar. This inscription was also used as witness for Garsar as tax free zone in British rule too.

                   Religious Donation by Kumaon King Jagat Chand
  Jagat Chandra donated thousand of caws. He spent money on religious rituals too. Kumaon King Jagat Chand donated land for temples of Punyagiri, Bhramaridevi, Baijnath, Nagnath and Bhuvneshwar. Jagat Chand also donated land to Pundit Devi Datt family.
In his ruling period, Padma Dev Pandey wrote 'Jagat Chandrika'.

                                   Administration in Jagat Chand

               Kumaon king Jagat Chand had annual income of nine lakhs rupees from Tarai region. Jagat chand was sober person. The Joshi of Jhinjhad, Joshi of Galli , Joshi of Danya were on high post of court . Manik Gaida Bisht, Sur Singh Aidi, Pahad Singh Gusain were on high post in Jagat Chand court.
      Jagat Chandra offered Najarana (gift or tribute) as Horses, elephants, Chanvar, Khanda, Peshkash, khunkri, Musk, herbal medicines and gold-silver utensils to Delhi Mogul Emperors.
  Kumaon King Jagat Chand was habitual of gambling. Jagat Chandra levied tax to his subject on gambling.
          Jagat Chand died due to small pox in 1720 and his son Devi Chandra got kingdom.





Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 22/11/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790
Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora
Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh
Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari
Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
Atkinson, History of District Gazette
Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty
Malfujat- E Timuri
Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4
Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India
Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam
Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 
The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 
Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India
Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate
Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat
Tarikhe Daudi
Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala
Aine-e Akbari
Akbari Darbar
Tareekh Badauni
Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne
The Tazuk-i-Jahangiri
Maularam- Gadh Rajvansh Kavya
Ramayan Pradeep
Annatdev's Smriti-Kaustubh
Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
   
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued... Part -195   
History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued....
Himalayan, Indian History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued...
  (Himalayan, Indian History (740-1790 AD to be continued...)
Xx
Notes on Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Pithoragarh -Kumaon Kingdom ; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Champawat-Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Bageshwar-Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Almora-Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Nainital-Kumaon kingdom and King Jagat Chandra; Central Himalayan, South Asian History of Kumaon Udham Singh Nagar-kingdom and King Jagat Chandra;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

 Anger Management lesson in Garhwali Proverb (Folk Literature)
       (A Research Review on Garhwali-Kumaoni –Haridwar Folk Literature)
Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni Folk Literature part -2

                                      Bhishma Kukreti

                     It is true that folk literature is very rarely discussed, analyzed from management point of view.
                   Over all proverbs are the least discussed in the folk literature. Richard C. Trench (1861) remarked that Lord Bacon stated that 'THE genius, wit, and spirit of a nation are discovered in its proverbs'.
               This author is of opinion that proverbs are the major source of teaching management lesion to children without any formal teaching in any platform as schools.
              According to famous Garhwali proverbs collectors Pushkar Singh Kandari there are more than thirteen thousands proverbs in Garhwali language. These more than thirteen thousand s proverbs definitely show that Garhwal-Kumaon and Haridwar society has been aware about carrying teaching management lesions from one generation to other generation.
          Anger Management Lesson in Garhwali Proverb
There are tens of Garhwali-Kumaoni-Haridwar proverbs for telling people to manage their emotions.
One such Garhwali Proverb is
गाळि देकि लौड़ गौड़ नि मर्दन अर तातु पाणिन कूड़ नि फुकेंदन
Gali deki laud gaud ni mardan ar taatu panin kood ni fukendan
The literal meaning of the above proverb is
Nobody (your children or cattle) dies by bad words and the house is not burnt by hot boiling water.

              Anger management is one Key to success

             The anger sentiment is a natural emotion of human beings. Definitely anger has to be managed by all means. First of all, we should understand that bad words from other do not mean you also react in the same manners.

                                    Anger Management Advices

1-You should not react immediately- Instead of reacting on sharp comments from others you should just divert for awhile. Philosophers and psychologist suggest to count up to ten case of you are feeling anger.
2-Take a time out-When you get sharp or unbearable comments from somebody you should buy time for reacting on the comments
3- Show your anger only when you are calm and you are in commanding position to manage your emotions
4- Think before commenting – The best way to manage adverse emotion is to think before speaking
5- Have solutions before reacting – Before you react you should have solution for the cause of remarks from other side.
6-Don't blame directly – In anger management, the best way is not to blame other directly but indirectly.
7- Don't show hate or complaint – After getting adverse words from other don't hold grudge, don't hate or don't show complaints. Instead show forgiveness
8-Have relaxed mood – You should know to relax in such situation
9-Practice to avoid anger
10-Use humorous words (not teasing sarcastic words) in reacting
11-Be aware about anger – You should know your body and mental situation at the time of anger.
  The above Garhwali proverb is one of the finest teachings for anger management.
   

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti bckukreti@gmail.com  22/11/2013

     Notes on   Management Lessons in Garhwali –Kumaoni –Haridwar Folk Literature to be continued in part -3
Research Review of Garhwali-Kumaoni Literature to be continued....
Xx
Notes on Anger Management lesson in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature); Anger Management lesson in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature) from Dehradun Garhwal; Anger Management  lesson  in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature)from  Haridwar Garhwal; Anger Management lesson in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature)from Uttarkashi  Garhwal; Anger Management lesson  in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature)from Tehri Garhwal; Anger Management lesson in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature)from Chamoli Garhwal; Anger Management lesson  in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature)from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Anger Management lesson in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature)from Pauri Garhwal; Anger Management lesson  in Garhwali Proverbs (Folk Literature)from Gangasalan , Garhwal;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

                            उत्तराखंड  परिपेक्ष में  बरमाउ /बरमौ की सब्जी ,औषधीय व अन्य   उपयोग और   इतिहास

                                                 
                            History /Origin /introduction, Food uses , Economic Uses of Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra )  in Uttarakhand context
                                           उत्तराखंड  परिपेक्ष  में  जंगल से उपलब्ध सब्जियों  का  इतिहास -24

                                     History of Wild Plant Vegetables ,  Agriculture and Food in Uttarakhand -24                       
         
                                              उत्तराखंड में कृषि व खान -पान -भोजन का इतिहास --64

                                        History of Agriculture , Culinary , Gastronomy, Food, Recipes  in Uttarakhand -64


                                                                आलेख :  भीष्म कुकरेती
  उत्तराखंडी नाम - बमराउ /बमरौ
नेपाली नाम साग
कश्मीरी नाम -छतर /चतर
बिमराउ का जन्मस्थल हिमालय की पहाड़ियां हैं।
रहन सहन  - हिमालय के पकिस्तान से कश्मीर , हिमाचल , उत्तराखंड , भूटान ,  नेपाल और चीनी हिमालय तिब्बत तक के क्षेत्र में 3400-4000  मीटर ऊंचाई  में पाया जाता है अधिकतर भोजपत्र के जंगलों में उगता है. फूल गोभी व राई के परिवार का सदस्य है।  बिमरौ की ऊंचाई 1. 8 मीटर तक जाती है।

उत्तराखंड में बमराउ की प्रजाति खतरे में है।  किन्तु अब कुछ परिवार बमराउ को घरों /सग्वडो में उगाने लगे हैं।
बमराउ की पत्तियों की सब्जी उसी तरह बनाई जाती है जैसे पालक की हरी सब्जी बनायी जाती है।
बमराउ की पत्तियों को धुंवा देकर सुक्सा बनाया जाता है जड़ों की सब्जी के लिए उपयोग होता है।
बमराउ के जड़ों का बुखार व मलेरिया रोग में औषधीय उपयोग होता है।

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti  22 /11/2013

Notes on History of Culinary, Gastronomy in Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Pithoragarh Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Doti Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Dwarhat, Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Pithoragarh Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Champawat Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Nainital Uttarakhand;History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Almora, Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Bageshwar Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Udham Singh Nagar Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Rudraprayag, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Dehradun Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Tehri Garhwal  Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Uttarakhand Uttarakhand; History of Culinary,Gastronomy in Haridwar Uttarakhand;

( उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; पिथोरागढ़ , कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;चम्पावत कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; बागेश्वर कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; नैनीताल कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;उधम सिंह नगर कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;अल्मोड़ा कुमाऊं  उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; हरिद्वार , उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;पौड़ी गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;चमोली गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; देहरादून गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; टिहरी गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल   उत्तराखंड में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; हिमालय  में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ;     उत्तर भारत में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास ; उत्तराखंड , दक्षिण एसिया में कृषि व भोजन का इतिहास लेखमाला श्रृंखला )

Notes on History /Origin /introduction of  wild edible vegetables  Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Uttarakhand Context , Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra )  in Chamoli Garhwal Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra )  in Rudraprayag Garhwal Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables  Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible  vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables in Pithoragarh,Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra )  in Almora, Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Bageshwar Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Nainital, Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; History /Origin /introduction of wild edible vegetables in Champawat , Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context; Notes on History /Origin /introduction of  wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Haridwar Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context;Notes on History /Origin /introduction of  wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Dehradun Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context;Notes on History /Origin /introduction of  wild edible vegetables Ruga Sag / Barmau (Megacarpaea polyandra ) in Udham Singh Nagar Uttarakhand, Middle Himalaya , North India, South Asia  context;

[Bhishma Kukreti]

Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays

                   गढवाली लोक नाटकों / लोक  गीतों में    अवहित्थ     भाव

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -45

                                    Bhishma Kukreti

                According to Bharat's Natyashastra (7/79); dissimulation sentiment is demonstrated in drama by irrelevant talk, looking down, broken speech and pretended patience
        Dissimulation sentiment in drama is to show the deceptive quality of a character. To show dissimulation characters the performer changes the subject of talk immediately, speaks differently or irrelevant talks.
          I remember a mini Garhwali folk drama played by Badi-Badan in Jaspur, Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal, North India in the month of Chait (15th March-14th April) in 1964-65. 
                     एक गढवाली लोक नाटक में अवहित्थ     भाव
पंडी जी (व्यासपीठ से ) - सुणो ! चोरी करण माहापाप च। चोरी करण से नरक मिल्द ।
एक शिल्पकार (दर्शक दीर्घा से भैर  )- पण पंडी जी परसि त तुम गलादार  जीक मूळा चुराणा छया। 
पंडी जी ( इना उना दिखद )- ऊँ ऊँ  ...मूळा ... की चोरी चोरी नि बुले जांद। चलो अब कृष्ण सद्भामा विवाह की कथा सुणो
   In this mini drama a Pundit is preaching about the sins of theft. Suddenly a Shilpkar reminds the Pundit that day before Pundit Ji was stealing radish from village council chief.
Pundit replies that stealing radish is not theft. The role of Pundit was played by a Badi was marvelous in showing the sentiment of dissimulation. Performer (Badi) was able to show concealing the intensions. 
  Badis (a professional class –caste) were great dramatists to show the negativity in the society.


Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 22/11/2013

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter.

                 References
1-Bharat Natyam
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali lok swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
Xx




Notes on Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Garhwal, Himalaya; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Garhwal, North India; Dissimulation Sentiment in Garhwali Folk Dramas, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Garhwal South Asia
गढवाली लोक नाटकों में अवहित्थ   भाव; टिहरी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  अवहित्थ भाव;उत्तरकाशी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  अवहित्थ  भाव;हरिद्वार गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में अवहित्थ   भाव;देहरादून गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  अवहित्थ  भाव;पौड़ी गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में  अवहित्थ  भाव;चमोली गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में    अवहित्थ भाव; रुद्रप्रयाग गढ़वाल के गढवाली लोक नाटकों में   अवहित्थ भाव;